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Wer hat Euch beigebracht Eure Hautfarbe zu hassen?
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Wer hat Euch beigebracht die Beschaffenheit Eurer Haare zu hassen?
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Wer hat Euch beigebracht die Form Eurer Nase zu hassen? Und die Form Eurer Lippen?
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Wer hat Euch beigebracht Euch selbst von Kopf bis Fuss zu hassen?
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Wer hat Euch beigebracht Euer eigenes Volk zu hassen?
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Wer hat Euch beigebracht die Rasse der Ihr angehöft zu hassen?
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Und zwar so sehr, dass Ihr nicht unter Euer Gleichen sein wollt?
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Bevor ihr fragt, ob Mr. Muhammad Hass lehrt, solltet Ihr Euch fragen
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wer Euch beigebracht hat das zu hassen, was Gott aus Euch gemacht hat.
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Die meisten von uns Schwarzen, oder "Negros" wie sie uns nannten, glaubten wirklich wir wären frei.
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Ohne zu merken, dass in unserem Unterbewusstsein die Ketten die wir los zu sein glaubten, immer noch da waren.
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Das Bedürfnis vom Weissen Mann anerkannt zu werden trieb uns in viellerlei Hinsicht an.
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Malcolm wollte diese Wahrnehmung der Minderwertigkeit bekämpfen.
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Er wusste, dass es mühevoll sein würde und dass manche Leute einen töten würden um das zu verhindern,
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aber er wagte es dieses Risiko auf sich zu nehmen.
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Er sagte etwas, das über Jenes was andere Anführer zu jener Zeit meinten hinausging.
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Während die anderen Anführer um Einlass in das Haus ihrer Unterdrücker bettelten, sagte er dir ein eigenes Haus zu bauen.
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Er vertrieb die Furcht der Afro-Amerikaner und sagte: "Ich werde laut aussprechen was wir uns denken."
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Ihr werdet sehen, die Leute werden davon hören und uns nicht unbedingt was antun.
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Aber ich spreche nicht für die Massen."
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Er sagte das auf eine starke, männliche Art die aussagte:
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"Ich habe keine Angst davor das auszusprechen was wir uns all die Jahre nur gedacht haben."
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Deshalb liebten wir ihn. Er sagte es offen, nicht hinter verschlossenen Türen.
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Er hat sich für uns mit Amerika angelegt.
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Und ich jedenfalls, als Muslim, glaube, dass der Weisse Mann klug genug ist.
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Wenn wir ihm verständlich machen könnten was die Schwarzen wirklich denken
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und wie satt wir es haben, ganz ohne kontraproduktiven Schmeicheleien.
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Nun, ihr macht es euch ja selbst schwer.
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Der Weisse Mann glaubt Euch die Schmeicheleien, weil ihr ihm schmeichelt seit er Euch hierhergebracht hat.
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Hört auf damit.
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Sagt ihm was Ihr denkt! Sagt ihm in welcher Hölle Ihr euch befindet.
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Dass er kein Haus haben sollte, wenn er es nicht in Ordnung bringen kann.
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Es sollte Feuer fangen und verbrennen.
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Schon fast das ganze Jahrhundert haben die Schwarzen in diesen Strassen in Harlem ihre Kultur gefeiert.
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und die Rassenfrage in Amerika diskutiert.
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Hier reihte sich Malcolm zum ersten Mal bei den Strassen-Rednern ein, die den Hoffnungen und dem Zorn von Harlem eine Stimme liehen.
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Ich lehrte Nationalismus und will raus aus dem Land des Weissen Mannes,
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denn Integration wird nie stattfinden.
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So lange Ihr lebt werdet Ihr euch nicht ins System des Weissen Mannes integrieren können!
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125te Strasse und 7te Avenue. was das Zentrum der Aktivitäten der Strassen-Redner. <<
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Als Malcolm dazu stiess hatte er eigentlich keinen Standort.
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Also etablierte er seinen Platz vor dem Buchgeschäft von Elder Michaux.
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Als Malcolm die kleine Plattform bestieg, kam er für die ersten vier oder fünf Minuten gar nicht zum sprechen.
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Und dann öffnete er seinen Mund <<
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Man nennt Mr. Muhammad Hassprediger, weil er Euch dazu bringt Drogen und Alkohol zu hassen.
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Man nennt Mr. Muhammad Rassist, weil er uns nicht nur lehrt, dass wir so gut wie der Weisse Mann sind, sondern besser.
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Ihr seid besser als der Weisse Mann!
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Aber das heisst nicht unbedingt viel. Wir wissen ja, dass wir besser sind als er.
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Was ist er schon für ein Vergleich? Seht Euch seine Haut an. Verglichen mit seiner sieht Eure Haut wie Gold aus.
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Es gab eine Zeit in der wir begeistert von den Weissen waren. <<
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Wir dachten, sie wären schön, weil wir blind und dumm waren.
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Wir konnten nicht Ihr wahres Gesicht erkennen.
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Seit der ehrenwerte Elijah Muhammad uns den Islam nähergebracht und uns gezeigt hat wie wir uns bessern können,
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sehen wir diese alte, blasse Gestalt genau so wie sie ist. Alt und blass.
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Diese Ansprache zeigte mir, dass es kein zurück gab, wenn man ihn erst einmal reden gehört hat.
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Selbst wenn man seine Meinung nicht änderte, musste man Sie überdenken.
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Hier in unseren nördlicheren Städten waren wir es nicht gewohnt gesagt zu bekommen, dass wir Teufel und Unterdrücker waren
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Er sprach für eine leise Masse schwarzer Menschen.
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Und zwar ganz offen über die eigenen Sender der Teufel.
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Und das war eine Kriegshandlung.
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Als er die Bühne verließ, stieg ich von der --> Insel<--?? und ging zu ihm.
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Als ich ihn erreichte stellten sich Bodyguards in den Weg und er schiebt sie an die Seite.
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Ich stellte mich vor ihn und streckte meine Hand aus und sagte:
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"Ich stimme nicht mit allem was Sie sagten überein, aber einiges davon gefiel mir."
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Er sah mich an, nahm sanft meine Hand und sagte: "Eines Tages wirst du, Schwester. Eines Tages wirst du", und lächelte dabei.
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Um seine Botschaft zu verdeutlichen, benutze Malcolm sein eigenes Leben als Lehre für schwarze Amerikaner.
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Er predigte sie in Fabeln und Parabeln und später beim Schreiben seiner Autobiography mit Alex Haley.
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Er wollte Kontrolle darüber wie sein Leben zukünftig gedeutet werden würde.
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Ich war sehr hingerissen von einer Aussage die er später über sich selbst traf.
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Er sagte: "Ich bin Teil von allen die ich je getroffen habe."
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Und damit meinte er, dass all die Dinge die er in seiner Jugend getan hatte
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ihn etwas Aussetzten was ihm vertschiedene Fähigkeiten beibrachten,
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die sich zu Malcolm entwickeln sollten, der zum Wortführer der Nation of Islam werden würde.
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"Sie wurden in Omaha geboren, richtig?" -
"Ja Sir."
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"Und Ihre Familie verließ Omaha, als Sie wie alt waren. Ein Jahr?"
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"Ich schätze etwa ein Jahr alt."
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"Warum verließ sie Omaha?" -
"Soweit ich weiß brannte der Ku Klux Klan eines Ihrer Häuser in Omaha nieder."
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"Das machte Ihre Familie sicherlich unglücklich." -
"Nun, zumindest verunsicherte es uns."
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"Also haben Sie wohl eine etwas voreingenommene Haltung.
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Sie können sich dem nicht auf eine große, akademische Weise annähern." -
"Ich finde das stimmt nicht, denn
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nachdem wir Omaha verließen und nach Lansing, Michigan zogen, wurde wieder unser Haus niedergebrannt.<<
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Mein Vater wurde vom Ku Klux Klan getötet.
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Und trotz all dem war irgendjemand mehr unter den Weißen integriert als ich.
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Niemand hat wie ich in der Gesellschaft der Weißen gelebt wie ich.
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Wir waren die einzigen schwarzen Kinder in der Nachbarschaft.
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Hinten auf unserem Grundstück war eine bewälderte Fläch und die Weißen Kinder
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kamen alle zu uns um hinten im Wald zu spielen.
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Malcolm schlug vor Robin Hood zu spielen. Also spielten wir dort Robin Hood mit Malcolm als Robin Hood.
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Und die weißen Kinder ließen das zu.
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Malcolm sagte er war der hellhäutigste unter den sieben Kindern von Earl and Louise Little.
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Eine Erinnerung, so meinte er, an den Weissen der seine Großmutter vergewaltigte.
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1929, als Malcolm 4 Jahre alt war, brachte sein Vater, ein Tischler und Prediger, die Familie nach Lansing, Michigan.
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Lansing war eine kleine Stadt und die westliche Seite war jene auf der die Schwarzen lebten.
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Malcolm lebte mit seiner Familie außerhalb der Stadt.
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Und sie hatten eine 16.000m2 große Parzelle mit einem kleinen Haus darauf.
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Man sah sie irgendwie als Farmer an.
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Drei Monate nachdem die Littles einzogen leiteten die weißen Nachbarn rechtliche Schritte ein um Sie zu vertreiben.
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Ein Bezirksrichte urteilte, dass das Gelände nur Weissen vorbehalten war.
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Aber Earl Little weigerte sich umzusiedeln.
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In Michigan betrug die Mitgliederzahl des Ku Klux Klans etwa 70.000.
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Fünf Mal soviel wie in Mississippi.
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Für Malcolms Familie war die Feindseligkeit von den Weißen eine Gegebenheit des Lebens.
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Wir schliefen alle und plötzlich hörten wir einen großen Knall.
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Und als wir aufwachten war überall Feuer.
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Und wir stießen alle gegen die Wände und gegeneinander.
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Ich erinnere mich, dass meine Mutter rief: "Aufstehen, aufstehen. Es brennt. Raus hier!"
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Daran erinnere ich mich genau.
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Ich hörte meine Mutter und meinen Vater rufen.
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Sie gingen sicher, dass Sie uns alle erwischten und rausbrachten.
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Das Haus brannte komplett ab. Die Feuerwehr kam nicht und das Haus brannte nieder.
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Malcolms Vater, Earl LIttle, beschuldigte die örtlichen Weißen das Feuer gelegt zu haben.
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Die Polizei verhaftete ihn und bezichtigte ihn der Brandstiftung.
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Die Beschuldigungen wurden später fallen gelassen.
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In der Stadt in der wir aufwuchsen nannten die Weißen uns "hochnäsige Nigger".
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"Diese klugen Nigger von außerhalb der Stadt."
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Zu jener Zeit, wann auch immer ein Weisser dich als "Kluger Nigger" bezeichnete,
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war es ihre Art zu sagen: "Das ist ein Nigger bei dem man aufpassen muss. Er ist nicht dumm."
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Mein Vater war unabhängig.
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Er wollte von niemanden durchgefüttert werden. Er wollte sein eigenes Essen heranschaffen.
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Niemand sollte über seine Kinder bestimmen.
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Er wollte selbst über sie bestimmen und das tat er.
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Er sprach immer von Marcus Garvey's Denkweisen und versuchte die Schwarzen dazu zu bringen
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sich auf Vordermann zu bringen, keinen Ärger zu verursachen und miteinander daran zu arbeiten ihre Lage zu verbessern.
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Aber damals galt man damit als Unruhestifter.
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In den 1920ern predigte Marcus Garvey, ein schwarzer Nationalist,
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dass schwarze Amerikaner eine von der weißen Gesellschaft unabhängige Nation aufbauen sollten.
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Mit einer Mitgliedschaft von hundert von tausenden suchte Garvey's "Universal Negro Improvement Association"
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stärkere Beziehungen mit afrikanischen Ländern.
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Die UNIA hatte ihre eigene Flagge, ihre eigene Nationalhymne und eine afrikanische Legion,
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welche schwor schwarze Menschen zu Hause und im Ausland zu verteidigen.
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Das US Bureau of Investigation bezeichnete Garvey einen der führenden Negro --->Hassprediger<-- ??.
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Die Regierung deportierte 1927, aber Malcolms Eltern hielten ihm die Treue.
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Earl rekrutierte neue Mitglieder, Louise schrieb dür die Garvey-Zeitung.
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Meine Mutter ließ uns aus der Garvey-Zeitung mit dem Namen "Die Negrowelt" vor.
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Und sie sprach mit uns auch über unsere Unabhängigkeit. Wir sollten uns selbst nicht Negros
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oder Nigger nennen, denn wir seien schwarze Menschen.
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Wir sollten stolz darauf sein uns schwarze Menschen zu nennen.
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"Wie lautet ihr echter Name?" -
"Malcolm X. "
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"Ist das ihr gesetzlicher Name?" -
"Soweit es mich betrifft ist es mein gesetzlicher Name."
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"Würde es sie stören mir den Nachnamen ihres Vaters zu nennen?"
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"Mein Vater kannte seinen Nachnamen nicht. Er bekam seinen Nachnamen von seinem Großvater
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und der bekam ihn von seinem Großvater, welcher ihn von seinem Slavenmeister bekam.
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Der wahre Name unseres Volkes wurde während der Sklaverei vernichtet."
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"Gab es einen Punkt im Stammbaum ihrer Familie
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in dem sie einen Nachnamen benutzen mussten, und wenn ja, wie lautete der?
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"Der Nachname meiner Vorfahren wurde ihnen genommen, als sie nach Amerika gebracht und versklavt wurden.
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Und dann wurde ihnen der name ihre Sklavenmeister gegeben, welchen wir ablehnen."
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"Sie meinen, sie wollen mir nicht einmal sagen wie der vermeintliche, oder übergebene Nachname ihres Vaters war?"
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"Ich erkenne ihn nicht im geringsten an."
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September 1931. Malcolm war sechs Jahre alt, als seine Mutter eine Vorahnung hatte.
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Wir befanden uns alle im Haus und hatten unser Abendessen
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und meine Mutter hielt Wesley, meinen jüngsten Bruder.
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Als sie ihn wahrscheinlich stillte schlief sie ein, mit dem Baby im Arm.
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Mein Vater machte sich im Schlafzimmer bereit um in die Stadt zu gehen um Geld zu holen.
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Und sie wachte auf und sagte: "Earl, geh nicht in die Stadt, sonst wirst du nicht zurückkommen."
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In jener Nacht um etwa elf Uhr wurde Earl Little in einer Abgelegenen Gegend außerhalb Lansings gefunden.
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Sein Körper war fast von einer Strassenbahn in zwei Hälften geteilt.
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Die Polilzei bezeichnete Earl LIttles Tod als Unfall.
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Die Angelegenheit war ziemlich schleierhaft, denn damals meinte man,
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dass es kein Unfall mit der Strassenbahn war, sondern Reverend Little vor die Bahn gestossen wurde.
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Tatsächlich erinnere ich mich an genau jene Worte. Dass er wahrscheinlich gestossen wurde.
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Der Tod meines Vaters verursachte einen großen Schock in der Familie, denn er war die Macht und Stärke im Haushalt.<<
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Wir waren eine organisierte und strukturierte Familie.
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Nach der Schule gingen wir sofort nach Hause und machten uns an die Arbeit im Garten.
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Wir reinigten den Hühnerstall und machten uns fürs Bett fertig.
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Und morgens standen wir auf, holten das Wasser vom Brunnen und brachten es ins Haus.
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So war es als Vater am Leben war, denn das nicht zu tun brachte als Konsequenz eine tracht Prügel.
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Also waren wir diszipliniert.
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Und nach dem mein Vater ermordet wurde und durch das Unvermögen meiner Mutter so schnell wie ich oder Malcolm zu laufen
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verhalf uns dazu mit Sachen davonzukommen die wir sonst nicht einmal versucht hätten.
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Wir wurden immer freier. <<
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Louise Little bemühte sich ihre sieben Kinder durch die Große Depression zu bringen.
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Sie war in eine Position gedrängt in der sie kein Einkommen hatte und suchte sich arbeit.
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Sie war eine stolze Frau.
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Sie verkaufte Sachen und strickte für andere Leute. Sie tat viel um nicht allein auf Sozialhilfe angewiesen zu sein.
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Sie mochte es nicht gesagt zu bekommen, was sie zu tun und zu lassen hat. <<
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Und das ist eine der Hauptursachen die sie mehr als alles andere niederschmetterte.
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Je mehr Zeit verging, desto mehr konnte man erkennen, dass sie ermüdete.
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Sieben Jahre lang, während Malcolm die Pupertät erreichte, zog sich seine Mutter langsam von der Gesellschaft zurück.
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Zwei Tage vor Weihnachten 1938 wurde Louise Little als paranoid diagnostiziert
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und ins Kalamazoo State Hospital gebracht.
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Eines Tages als ich von der Schule nach Hause kam war sie nicht mehr da.
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Ich erinnere mich daran, dass ich mich leer fühlte, denn sie würde uns nie verlassen.
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Ich fühlte den Schmerz ihrer Abwesenheit und es sollte nur einige Wochen dauern.
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Sie würde sich erholen und zurück kommen, aber es sollte noch Jahre dauern. <<
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Louise Little blieb die nächsten 26 Jahre in Kalamazoo.
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Der 13-jährige Malcolm musste zusehen wie das Gericht seine Familie trennte,
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indem sie die jüngeren Geschwister Pflegestellen in Lansing übergaben und ihn in eine weiße Gemeinde zehn Meilen entfernt brachten.
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In der Vergangenheit war die größte Waffe des weißen Mannes seine Fähigkeit zu teilen und zu erobern.
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Wenn ich euch mit meiner Hand schlage, spürt ihr das gar nicht. Es mag brennen, weil die Finger nicht zusammen sind.
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Aber alles was ich tun muss um euch zurück auf euren Platz zu verweisen ist diese Finger zu vereinen.
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Er war der einzige der achten Klasse in Michigan - einer Schule in der er, glaube ich,
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der einzige Schwarze in seiner Klasse und einer der wenigen in der ganzen Schule war -
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der herausragender Einserschüler war, der sogar zum Präsidenten seiner Klasse gewählt wurde.
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Alle Anderen in der achten Klasse waren weiß und offenbar musste er außerordentliches Leisten um das zu werden.
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Und dann gab es den Malcolm der die Schule verließ und nach Roxbury, Massachusetts ging
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und zum ersten Mal dem ausgesetzt wurde was man lose Abzocker nennen könnte.
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Ich selbst bezeichnete mich damals in Roxbury als kleiner Abzocker.
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And this particular day ??? Malcolm X had come into Buscity???, had on his zoot suit with the wide
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??? had with the long 3/4 lenght coat ?? with the chain that went down to your ankles.
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The last time I recall, Cab Calloway used that outfit for his stage uniform.
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When Malcolm left Lansing he had nothing but an old square suit on. White man suit as I call it.
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When he came back from Boston, oh Lord, Malcolm had a zoot suit on him and a wide brim hat with
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a chain from his hat down to his lapel. He was the top of the town. Everybody was talking
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about Malcolm.
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When he was dancing on the floor, and he was floating around those pants ??? like he was a floating balloon.
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And that coat was like a wing. The way he'd be dancing ??? flying around with that big ???.
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And this used to really shake up the girls.
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In Boston they called him "New York Red" in New York they called him "Detroid Red".
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?????????
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And he had pictures of him and Billy Holiday and all these people of that time out there.
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Who were just being made known to the rest of the black world.
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Malcolm works the kitchen crew on the New Haven Railroad between Boston, New York
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and Washington DC.
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In 1942 he moved to Harlem and at age 17 began travelling in a world of ??? after hour clubs and small time hustlers.
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He had reached a point at where he said: "You'll never make it on this janitory jobs and selling
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sandwiches on these trains and shining shoes and stuff like that. You never will get anywhere."
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He had the reputation of being a hustler.
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That he was a street person but he was a hustler.
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He was a con man.????
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When the white folks ??? came out at night and they wanted black women, he could arrange for
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them to get them. If they wanted bootleg-whiskey he knew where to get it. If they wanted drugs he knew where to get it.
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He made it possilbe. He knew what they wanted and he knew where to get it and he would be
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in the middle where he could make a profit off of it. And this is the way he started doing it.
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Looking back at that time, Malcolm said: "Only three things worried him.
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Jail, a job and the army.
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To avoid derving in WW2 he told his draft board that he wanted to organize black soldiers to
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kill whites.
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He was judged unfit for the military.
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Malcolms gambling and drugs and Harlems night life were expensive.
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He had already been arrested twice for petty crimes.
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When he moved back to Austin back in 1945 he organized a gang to burglurise homes of prominent families.
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The other gang members included his friend Malcolm Jarvis, his white girlfriend B. and
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two other white women.
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This girl knew that these people were down to Florida that time of the year. There was nobody
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home, so we broke into the house and we'd get some of their valuables and Malcolm would take
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most of the stuff and pawn it and get money for his gambling habit.
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After two weeks of doing this that's when the case broke ??? when he made the mistake of going to
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the pawn shop to retrieve a watch with over a thousand dollars that came out of one of
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the houses. That's when he was arrested by three police men.
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Malcolm Little, Malcolm Jarvis and the three women were charged with breaking and entering.
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The fact that two black men were with white women becaome an issue in the court.
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Malcolm was definitely involved with two white women and this is what made the case so
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powerful. So outrages.
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The women testified that Malcolm had forced them to participate in the burglaries.
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The two men received the maximum sentence. 8-10 years in state prison.
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When they sentenced us, I went out of my mind. I reached up and grabbed the bars of the cage and
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I shook them, almost shook them right up off the floor, and I hollered at the judge. And I said to him,
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"You might as well kill me as to give me 10 years in jail."
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Well, I was they call a mad negro. I was one.
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And I knew what I saw was real. I knew there wasn't anything funny about it.
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I knew that when they laughed all together they were laughing: "Look what we did. We doing it to the Negro."
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Then they had the unintimitadet gall
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to ask the girls, before they took them out of there, to press charges against us for rape.
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The girls wouldn't do it.
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Malcolm Little was 20 years old, facing 8-10 years in state prison.
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He had wandered far from the Garvey pride and independence his parents had preached.
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He was now prisoner number 22843.
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To have once been a criminal is no disgrace.
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To remain a criminal is the disgrace.
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I formerly was a criminal. I formerly was in prison.
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I'm not ashamed of that. You never can use that over my head, and he is using the wrong stick.
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I don't feel that stick.
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They charged Jesus with sedition.
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Didn't they do that?
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They said he was against Cesar.
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They said he was discriminating because he told his desciples, :
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"Go not the way of the gentiles, but rather go to the lost sheep.
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Got to the people who don't know who they are. Who are lost from the knowledge of themselves.
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And who are strangers in a land that is not theirs.
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Go to those people! Go to the slaves! Go to the second class citizens!
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Go to the ones who are suffering the wrath of Cesars brutality!
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And if Jesus were here in america today he wouldn't be going to the white man.
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The white man is the oppressor! He would be going to the oppressed. He would be going to
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the humble. He would be going to the ???. He would be going to the rejected and the despised.
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He would be going to the so called american negro.
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Prison 1946
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Behind prison walls Malcolm hustled bets, fed his drug habit and argued against the exiscante of god.
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The men in his cell block called him "Satan".
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But at the same time encouraged by an older black inmate, Malcolm began reading and taking
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english courses.
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Malcolm described vividly prison life.
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That he was in effect lonely and limited ???
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but had plans for....He was going to do a lot of reading.
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And he certainly did a lot of writing, because I think there were times when he probably
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wrote me every week.
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During the second year in prison his brothers and sisters wrote to him about what they
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called "The natural religion for the black man".
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A religion that taught that black people were the original people.
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That god was black and was called Allah.
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They told Malcolm that they were now a part of the Nation of Islam.
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Followers of the honorable Elijah Muhammed, the messenger of Allah.
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I think Islam is one of the greatest religion of all time for all people of america.
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The so called american negro have to be completely re-educated.
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And Islam gives him that qualification that he can feel proud and does not feel ashamed to be
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called a black man.
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I came into the muslim movement in 1947. And then started to bring my brothers and sisters in.
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We already had been indoctrinated with americas ??? philosophy.
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So they didn't have anything to do wiht convincing us about we were black and should be proud,
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we were already that when we came in.
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So I wrote to Malcolm and told him about...I said to him: "If you will believe in Allah,
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that he would get out of prison.
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And that's all I wrote because I know that he had very low tolerance for religion and I didn'T
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intend to use that tolerance.
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Malcolm's brothers and sisters wrote the young prisoner that black people in america were
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part of a lost tribe. Soon to be delivered out of bondage. And that whites, according to
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Elijah Muhammed - were a race of devils whose domination on earth was about to end.
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At first he liked every bit of it except one thing he couldn't understand.
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And that was the part that we were teaching about the white man being the devil.
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Malcolm wrote to Elijah Muhammed. And Elijah Muhammed answered.
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And when he answered he would recite the part of ??? scripture.
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And then he gave him the key. He said the key the bible is this book, that everything that takes
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place in this bible is on this earth.
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So you don't have to die to go to hell, you can catch ??? hell while you are living.
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And the white man is the one that is putting the hell on you.
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Well, that's a very convincing teaching, especiall when you use the white mans history to
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coraborate this.
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Malcolm began reading history, philosophy and religion. The writing of D.E.B Debois, Shakespeare, Sokrates, The Fables of ???, The lives
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of Gandhi and Ned Turner.
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And he finds all this history of how white christians lynched black christians.
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White christians were the once who were involved in the slave trade. Those were christians.
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So Malcolm began to see this and then he began to study it himself and prove that if there is such
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a thing as a real devil on this earth it has to be the white man.
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Elijah Muhammed told Malcolm to submit to Allah.
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But for Malcolm submission would always be difficult.
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It took a week before he could force himself to bow in prayer.
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Later, to help spread the teachings of Elijah Muhammed, Malcolm joined the prison debate team.
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Competing about visiting college teams from harvard and MIT.
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That's when Malcolms name and fame started to spread amongst the prison population.
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And, as the population started to grow at the debating classes, most of the fellas used to
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come over out of curiosity, just to hear him speak.
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In 1950 Malcolm wrote to the Governor demanding the right to practice the muslim religion in prison.
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His letters would later end up in FBI files.
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The Bureau had been keeping a close watch on the Nation of Islam since the late 1930s.
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Malcolm considered a trouble maker, was denied an early parole.
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He was not eligible to be led out at that time because he had been a threat to society.
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They considered him dangerous.
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Knowledge-wise and otherwise, religious-wise.
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He would have been like a rotten appel in a box full of a thousand. He was gonna spoil many.
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On August 7th 1952, after six and a half years in prison Malcolm was released.
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Within a month he was accepted into the nation of islam.
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Malcolm Little had become Malcolm X.
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How did you happen to join the muslim movement?
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I was in prison. I was a very wayward criminal, backward, illiterate, uneducated and whatever
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other negative characteristics you could think of, type of person.
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Until I heard the teachings of the honorable Elijah Muhammed. And because of the impact that it
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had upon me, in giving me a desire to reform myself and rehabilitate myself for the first time
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in my life. Also to be able to see the effect that it had upon others. This is what made me accept it.
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And I noticed that after being exposed to the religious teachings of the honorable
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Elijah Muhammed immediately it instilled within me such a high degree of racial pride and racial
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dignity that I wanted to be somebody.
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And I realized that I couldn't be somebody by begging the white man for what he had.
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But that I had to get out of here and try to do something for myself or make somethign out
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of myself.
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The first time that I recalled seeing Malcolm was at the home of my father, honorable Elijah Muhammed.
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And I saw a thin ?? man, tall man, young man, ???. He was just meeting you, the first thing
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you would get from him was a smile.
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He said: "This is Wallace!"
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And I smiled at him. I was happy to see him because I had heard of him too.
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And he said: "The messengers son." And he was so excited about the messenger.
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Really it wasn't just seeing Wallace, it was seeing the messengers son.
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When Malcolm came out he was just so full of fire. He had gotten so full of fire, that he got out at the right time at
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the right place so could expound ???.
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He came to Detroit, he was surprised to find there was such few people.
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??? powerful deity in his mind.
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And he says: "I'm surprised that you are sitting here and so many empty seats.
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Everytime you come out here this place should be full.
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And that excited the honorable Elijah Muhammed.
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In the early 1950s the Nation of Islam was unknown in most black communities.
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Total membership was believed to be no more than 400 people.
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Malcolm was sent on the road to spread the message.
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Within two years he helped organize temples in Boston, Hartford and Philadelphia.
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Elijah Muhammed then named Malcolm Minister of the most important temple on the east coast.
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Harlems temple number 7.
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Mr. Muhammed knew that Malcolm had experience. That he knew New York.
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He also knew, that he was that kind of men - complexion, height, speech and courage - all has
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to be taken into consideration, when you select a man to stand before the people.
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Plus, this is an international city.
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You got to have your best in New York. And
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this is why Mr. Muhammed selected him.
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In 1955, when Elijah Muhammed visited the New York temple it was to inspect the work of the
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ambitioned and outspoken minister, who had transformed tiny storefronts along the east coast
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into a congregation of thousands.
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Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammeds massage made a whole lot of people feel whole again.
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Human being again.
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Some of them came out and found a new meaning to their manhood and their womanhood.
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Had Elijah Muhammed tried to introduced an orthodox form of ??? oriented islam,
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I doubt if he would've attracted 500 people.
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But he introduced a form of islam that could communicate with the people he had to deal with.
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He was the king to those who had no king.
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He was the messiah to those some people thought unworthy of a messiah.
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The ??? thing is that Elijah Mudammed is like nothing I have ever taken. Like some medicine.
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You see. A medicine that has cured me of all my ???. I was a sick man.
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When I embraced the teachings of honorable Elijah Muhammed, these teachings cured me
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of decease. I'm a well man now. I feel good.
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As long as you stay with the doctor you continue to be good - Yes sir.
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What about you? How do feel about the honorable Elijah Muhamed? - Honorable Elijah Muhammed
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is trying to teach all of ??? people they are ???. - Go ahead brother. - Elijah Muhammed tries to wake them up.
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Inside muslim temples no white people were allowed.
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Members worked to build a self sufficiant community.
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Thounded on strict rules and absolute obedience.
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The nation set up muslim schools for its children.
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Teaching mathematics, sciene, history and arabic.
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"Who is the original man?"
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"The original man is the ??? black man"
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"The makers of all?? and the king of planet earth"
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Muslim women studied nutrition, child bearing and guidlines on how to care about their husband.
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Muslim man studied parental responsibility, history and religion.
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The elite core, called "The fruit of Islam" was trained in hand to hand combat and was
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expected to protect the temples and to punish any members who spoke out against the messanger.
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I was surprised when I went to some of the muslim families. The faith that they had in the
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Elijah Muhammed and in Malcolm.
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I asked one father: "Suppose your son came home one day and told you that he renounced the muslim
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religion."
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He said: "I would turn him from my door and I would never allow him in again."
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So I asked Malcolm. He said: "He meant it and he would do it."
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I said: "Not worry about what would happen to his son?"
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"No, he wouldn't worry about what would happen to him. His allegiance is to Elijah Muhammed.
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To help expand the Nation of Islam Malcolm created a newspaper: "Muhammed speaks".
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And persuaded other black newspapers to carry the messengers weekly column.
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His strenght was, once he believed in a thing he would give anything he had to it. All of his energy.
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He'd become a workaholic. He'd work day and night for it.
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He only required around 4 hours of sleep.
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And many times he wouldn't even get that.
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Than you just kind of wonder: "How can anybody keep up that kind of ???". But he did it.
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Day in and day out.
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Plus, on top of that he's reading. He's reading papers, keeping up with what the news is.
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He's just a person that's too ??? to life in such a way.
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That he doesn't miss too much of it.
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At age 32, after devoting 5 years to building the Nation, he sought the approval of Elijah Muhammed
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to merry sister Betty X. A college edubated member of Harlems temple number 7.
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In the years that followed the demands of his ministry allowed little time for his growing family.
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He sometime, if I could catch up, he would have to read to the children. They would always want
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the story read again. So that they would really just wait that he was on the last page and say: "Read it again."
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He started giving the books different endings.
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He had a beautiful sense of humor. Especially if he was kidding me about pork.
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????
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You're a decent human being, smart historian. I give you 99 as a human being and you stop eating
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pork I gonna give you a hundred.
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A beautiful sense of humor plus the fact that when you got to know him he was kinda shy.
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Malcolm was now in the nation of islams inner circle.
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Elijah Muhammeds most visible represantitive.
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He had the messengers confidence and the loyalty of thousands of muslims.
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In a sense Malcolm had found a father. Elijah Muhammed had found another son.
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God's Angry Men tangle with police.
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Riot threat as cops beat moslem.
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On an april night in 1957 a muslim brother was beaten by New York City police.
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His skull fractured, Johnson Hanton lay in a backroom of a Harlem police station.
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When word spread that Hanton was dying Malcolm ordered the muslims into the streets.
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Other Harlem residents joined them.
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The community had endured a long history of police brutality.
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Many considered the police an occupying force.
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18th precinct was notorious for their prejudice.
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??????
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That was the first time that anyone had marched on to 28th precinct in protest to something that
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they felt wasn't right.
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I don't know what would have happened in Harlelm that night because the atmosphere was
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not... I think the word to use is charged. Well, this atmosphere was explosive.
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Malcolm demande medical treatment for Hinton.
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After a long negotiation police agreed to send the prisoner to Harlem hospital.
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But even then the muslims diffused to disperse.
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This seargant came out and tried to chase ??? the muslims who were standing across the street.
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And Malcolm came out and told him: "You can't do that. They're not gonna move for you. I'll send them away."
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He went out to the front of the station on the first step and just waved his hand and the people walked away.
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A police commissioner on the scene remarked: "That's too much power for one man to have."
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Malcolm would later take New York city to court and win the largest police brutality settlement
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in the cities history.
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They realized that anytime a person could wave his hand and have a large number of people
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automatically move away without any conversation, that by the same token that same
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man could wave his hand and cause those people to create some kind of disturbance if he wanted to.
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I believe from that point on the police department and the political people in New York City realized
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that they had a significant force in the city to deal with.
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The hate that hate produced.
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Good evening I'm Mike Wallace.
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Last week on news beat our 6:30 news program on January 13, we presented a five part series
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which we called the hate that hate produced.
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The study of the rise of black racism.
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Of a call for black supremacy among a small but growing segment of the american negro population.
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We have come to here??? and to see the greatest and wisest and most ...
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This 1959 documentary was the first television portrayal of the internal activities of the
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nation of Islam.
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Malcolm saw the television program as an opportunity. Elijah Muhammed was against it.
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Mr. Muhammed told malcolm no. It wasn't gonna do any good.
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All it would do is hurt us. ??? we were trying to do.
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Malcolm wasn't satisfied. He didn't insist but he continued to ask Mr. Muhammed, could he do it.
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Mr. Muhammed reluctantly agreed.
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"The Trial," Nation of Islam Play. -
I charge the white man with being the greates liar on earth.
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"The Trial," Nation of Islam Play. -
I charge the white man, ladies and gentlemen of
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the jury with being the greatest murder on earth.
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I charge the white man of being the greatest adultere on earth, so therefor...
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Here was this auditorium overflowing. Thousands of people about ??? an organization
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I knew nothing about. I found it difficult to critic when I saw it.
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And of course when we put it on the air, New Yorkers - cause that's all that saw it - were stunned.
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There was this organisation, "The Black Muslims", about which white New Yorkers simply knew nothing.
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Minister Malcolm X, as he addresses a non-muslim audience.
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How could so few white people rule so many black people? This is the thing you should wanna know.
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How could so few...The white man today will tell you that thousands of years ago, the black man
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in africa was living in palaces.
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The black man in africa was wearing silk.
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The black man in africa was cooking and seasoning his food.
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The black man in africa had mastered arts and the sciences.
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He knew the course of the stars in the universe before the man up in Europe knew that the earth
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wasn't flat.
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Is that right or wrong?
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I was amazed at his ??? to communicate. And at the naked honesty with which he expressed his
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feelings about black people or the white people.
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He scared me. I'm sure he intended to. But certainly??? after I saw him in The hat that hate produced
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I knew that I would never forget this man.
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When I first saw Malcolm on the television, he scared me also. ???
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turn off that television. That man is saying stuff you aint supposed to hear.
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So of course we did. But always, you know when the sun comes into the window and you jump up
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to get it, to close the blinds or pull down the shades, but before you do that the sun comes in?
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Well, before each time we turned the televition off a little sun came in.
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While the documentary helped bring in new converts, the racial views of the Naition of Islam
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shocked white america and many in the black community.
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Preaching of racial hatred and racial advantage and the bigotry involved is a bad thing
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wheter it's colored or white. For years the NAAPD has been opposed to white extremists preaching
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hatred of nagro people and we are equally opposed of negro extremists preaching against
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white people simple for the sake of whiteness.
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Most in the civil rights movement believed that integration was the way to solve americas racial problems.
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But Malcolm preached that black people were able to solve their own problems without the help of whites.
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At a time when black americans began to identify with freedom movements in africa and latin america,
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Malcolm developed alliances with revolutionary leaders from around the world.
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He encouraged to see themselves not as a minority but as a part of a world majority.
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The riots ??? of african nations ??? with the spread with the nation of islam.
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And the civil rights movement. Gave black america a burst of pride.over and above anything we had had.
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since the decline of the movement of Marcus Garvin.
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will ??? wipe away our tears. That's the benifit of our unity.
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They are passing the basket through the crowd and I think anybody standing here should put
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one dollar in that basket. Don't you think you should? Sure, this are freedom dollars, brothers.
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We're not asking you to give us some money to make us rich, we put up business. The honorable
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Elijah Muhammed had set up more business than any black man in america.
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The Nation Of Islam with its interlocking corporations was now reputed to be the largest
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black owned business empire in the united states.
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The Nation of Islam, during the early 60s was perhaps enjoying its best days.
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We were opening restaurants and grocery stores and seen the Muhammed speaks paper compete
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with other black papers.
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We've seen Malcolm on television kind of frequently. We were proud of him. In our opinion
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he was doing an excellent job of representing the honorable Elijah Muhammed and the Nation of Islam.
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We were seeing the Fruit of Islam not just exercising in some small facilities but seeing them
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great numbers, hundreds of them, on the streets of big cities like Chicago, New York and Los Angeles.
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My view on the Fruit of Islam was that these were the absolute baddest, cleanest brothers
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that I had seen in my life.
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There was some bad blood, you don't understand? I mean you did not mess with FOI. When they came
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out in the street people would say: "Yes sir!".
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The growing presence of the Fruit of Islam attracted police attention. There were increasing
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numbers of confrontations and arrests.
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Malcolm warned that members of the FOI would always obey the law, but would also defend
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themselves if attacked.
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In cities across america police agencies were determined to contain the black muslims.
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It was only a matter of time until the two forces would again collide.
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On a spring night in 1962 another confrontation.
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It began as a stop and search of muslim men delivering dry cleaning.
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It ended with a full police assault on the muslim temple.
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This time 8 men were shot. 1 Police officer and 7 muslims.
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Temple secretary Ronald Stokes was dead at the scene.
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I arrived at the mosque in Los Angeles after the shootin took place.
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There was great sadness amongst people.
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Malcolm was walking back and forth shaking his head: "They're gonna pay for it."
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If anyone would break into our temples we would defend it with our lives. The temple was sacred.
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And those brothers, they acted on what they were taught. And I'm sure that anyone seeing police
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break into a church would be outraged.
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This didn't cause us a great surprise to us, the fact that they would resist our police officers and
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cause trouble because we have been watching this group for a long time and Chief Parker
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warned some time ago that we might have trouble with them.
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Muslims riot. Kultist killed, policeman shot.
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The Los Angeles times reported the insident as a muslim riot and a wild gun fight.
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Four Wounded, 26 taken into custody; two officers beaten.
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Muslims shoot, beat police in wild gunfight.
But it was never proven that any of the guns fired
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Muslims shoot, beat police in wild gunfight.
belonged to the muslims.
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Malcolm called for churches and civil rights organisations to form a united fund with the
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muslims against police brutality.
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Let us remember that we are not brutalised because we are baptist.
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We are not brutalised because we're methodists,
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We are not brutalised because we're muslims,
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we are not brutalised because we're catholic.
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We are brutalised because we are black people in america.
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I'm telling you they came out of those cars and we have enough witnesses to hang them.
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With their guns smoking. Chief Parker knows this, Mayor ??? knows this and every police official in the city knows that.
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They didn't fire no warning shots in the air. They fired warning shots point blank at innocent,
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unarmed, defenseless negroes.
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Cause I say, two of the brothers were shot in the back.
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Another was shot in the shoulder.
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Two of them was shot - excuse the expression - through the penis.
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Let me tell you something. You say, we hate white people? We don't hate anybody.
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We love our own people so much they think we hate the ones who are inflicting injustice against them.
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Coroner's INquest 1962
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Patrolman Donald Wease, the officer who killed Ronald Stokes testified that he knew Stokes
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was unarmed but that Stokes had raised his hand in a menacing way.
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The all white coroners jury deliberated 22 minutes and found the death a justifiable homicide.
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14 muslims were then ordered to stand trial on assault charges.
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11 would be found guilty and sentenced to prison.
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We were people that sayin ???: "Never be the aggressor but if someone attacks you, we do
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not teach you to turn the other cheek."
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There were muslims who were not from the east coast, but from other parts of the country, that
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would actually ?? to go out there and kill those police officers even though they may have
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been killed in the process of doing it. But that's how strong the attitude of muslims was
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against those brothers just being shot like that.
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Muhammad speakes: Court sets murdere free!"
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The conflict of the Los Angeles mosque brought to the surface the growing differences between
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Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammed.
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The messenger insisted Allah would evange Stokes death, but Malcolm demanded justice
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in the courts.
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Would it have been possible for them to get a fair trial ther would be no necessity for a trial at all.
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These are the victims of police bullets and you don't take the victims to court as a criminal.
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You take the one who shot the victim to court. And it is the police who should be on trial here in Los Angeles.
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Malcolm began to talk less and less about god is going to get rid of the caucasian.
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And he began to talk about how we were gonna be able to bring him to justice.
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And make them guilty and that they are not guilty according to the law of the land. ???
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That was not our argument at all. Our argument was that we were devine people and that
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we would be protected and finally delivered. Put into the seat of authority by Allah.
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That was our teaching at that time.
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To avoid further confrontations with city authorities, Elijah Muhammed summoned
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Malcolm to a meeting at the messengers home.
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Elijah Muhammed told him very definitely: "If you had reacted the way you should have reacted,
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have had more faith in Allah, Ronald Stokes would be alive."
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That was it. ???
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And Malcolm said ????
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He just listened.
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Mr. Muhammed told him: "That's one man that we lost. I never did tell you that we were going to
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lose anyone. But that's the way it is when you build an alligience???
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He said: "They were wrong. But if I send my followers out there to do battle with those people
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in an alley??, undercover or on top of the cover, they will get slaughtered and I'm not gonna do that.
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And Malcolm didn't like that.
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Malcolm had always said: "Muslims don't back down." In Harlem he had now to explain
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what happened in Los Angeles.
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Ronald Stokes was not the least ??? among the followers of the honorable Elijah Muhammed.
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He was one of the highest.
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He was the secretary of our Los Angeles mosque.
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And as we explained ??? on me, many of you thought that we should go right on out then,
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and make war on the white man.
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You wanted to do it yourself didn't you?
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Didn't you?
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You wanted some action then, didn't you?
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Cause you don't like the idea of white people shooting black people down, do you?
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And you're ready to do something about it? Aren't you?
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We know you are and the white man should be thankful that god has given the honorable
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Elijah Muhammed the control over his followers that he has.
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Told him to play it ??? cool, calm and collected.
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And leave it in the hands of god.
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In the months following the Los Angeles insident, Malcolms faiths in the messenger were further
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tested by rumors about Elijah Muhammed private life.
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Once a months he would go to Chicago to take money to Elijah Mohammed.
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And he would always go to the side door.
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And on this particular day, when he got to the side door there were three young ladies and they were
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knocking and banging on the door: "Open the doodr, open the door! We need money for food,
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our children don't have this or the other."
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He immediately felt that, number one he didn't belong there.
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Malcolm had long dismissed stories that Elijah Muhammed had fathered eight children with
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six of his secretaries. Now he approached the messengers son Wallace to confirm what he had
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seen.
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So I told him: "Yes, I know about that. You can see things but you don't wanna see it, so you just
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block it out of your mind. I'm aware of secretaries having some kind of reletiaonship with my
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father. ??? with their children. I've seen him take that children and somewhere in my consciousness
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I was sure I was ??? that that was his family, but I never accepted it to deal with it in my mind.
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Never did I accept it to deal with it in my mind.
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Officials in the nation accused Wallace Muhammed of starting rumors and
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conspiring against his father.
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The charge that I gave Malcolm information on my fathers domestic situation is true but only after
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Malcolm had already told me that he witnessed that sitiuation.
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It gives me great pleasure and an honor and ??? at this time to introduce to you and present to you
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the messenger of Allah, your admired and beloved ??? teacher, the most honorable and humble
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Elijah Muhammed.
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Malcolm had submitted himself to Elijah Muhammed as his spiritual leader.
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He never tried to see anything else.
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And the things that he tried to put into practice himself, he thought were also being practiced
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by his leader.
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And when he found out differently, it just took all of the wind out of his sails.
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In public the two men continued to embrace. In private suspicion had replaced faith.
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The relationship was further complicated by Elijah Muhammeds failing health.
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Malcolms popularity vastly improved.
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Number one, Mr. Muhammed was thinking he had bronchitis. So Mr. Muhammed went to ??? public meetings
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maybe once, twice a year. That's it. And the rest of the time Malcolm was going everywhere.
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It was Malcolm who sparked the growth of the Nation all over the country.
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He was in demand. Nobody was asking for Elijah Muhammed to speak, they were asking for
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Malcolm to speak. And naturally Malcolm got more involved with the civil rights struggle.
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And his argument became more an argument that you would expect from someone who was in the
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civil rights struggle, then you would from someone who was following the honorable Elijah Muhammed.
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The 60s showed us the white man in an image that the Nation of Islam had cast him in.
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In the image of a brutal person, you know. Turning the dogs out on the demonstrators.
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Using the fire hoses. All this helped the Nation of Islam charge against the white race.
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And made it possible for the Nation of Islams spokesman, Malcolm X, to get the press, to get
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the camera on him and to state what he had confidence in, that was an alternative,
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and that was seperation.
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As muslims we believe that seperation is the best way, and the only sensible way. Not integration.
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But on the other hand, when we see our people being brutalized by white bigots, white racists,
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we think that they are foolish to allow themselves to be beaten and brutalized and do nothing
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whatsoever to protect themselves.
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If a dog is biting a black man the black man should kill the dog.
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Wheter if that dog is a police dog, a hound dog or any kind of dog. If a dog is ?? on a black man
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when that black man is doing nothing but trying to take advantage of what the government says is
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supposedly his than that black man should kill that dog or any two legged dog who ??? the dog on him.
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When Malcolm talks, ??? talk, ?? articulate for all the negro people who hear them, who listen to him.
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??????
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??????
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That's Malolm's great authority over any of his audiences. He ??? their reality.
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I was probably about 14 years old and I was involved in a demonstration at this construction site.
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The community was demanding integration of the work force.
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We realized that Malsolm had come to watch the demonstration, when my shift changed I ran
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across the street to talk to Malcolm. We had quite an argument that morning.
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And he tried to explain to me what was wrong with my laying down on the ground in front of a cement truck.
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And Malcolm said if these are people who could lynch black people, murder black children,
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enslave black people, why couldn't they run over somebody with a truck?
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And he said: "They'd say it was an accident. Oops, my foot slipped, but you'd be "
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just as dead." And when he left and I turned around to go back across the street. I went back
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and I got on the picket line, but I never laid down on the street in front of a truck again.
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We were sitting across this table at the ????, talking about race relations in america and
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Malcolm at one point said okay, what's your solution and he was not asking me for advice.
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He just of wanted to put me on the spot for a moment.
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I was at the time under the spell of Dr. King and his notion of the beloved society which
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would be colorblind and in which color would not be a disability for anybody.
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Malcolm was kind of looking back at me and said: "You're dreaming. I haven't got time for dreams."
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The goal of Dr. King is full equality...-
No. -
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...and full rights citizenship for negroes.
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The goal of Dr. Martin Luther King is to give Negroes a chance to sit in a segregated
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restaurant beside the same white man who had brutalized them for 400 years.
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The goal of Dr. Martin Luther KIng is to get Negroes to forgive the people who have
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brutalized them for 400 years by lulling??? them to sleep and making him forget what
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that whites had done to them. But the masses of black people in america today don't go for
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what Dr. Martin Luther KIng is puttin down. You said in one of your articles, his psychologically insecure
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or something like this. However you put it. But you didn't endorse what Martin Luther King was doing yourself.
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I do not reject his goals of full integration and full equality rights for american citizens, do you reject...
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If you don't think he's walking on the right road I'm quite sure you don't agree that he'll head to
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the right place.
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We were aware, or felt that it was somewhat dangerous to be too closely associated
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to Malcolm. He was saying some pretty rough things, particularly about whites.
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Those of us who wanted to keep peace with the white world, some of us had our jobs in the
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white community. We didn't really get too close to Malcolm.
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It has been suggested also that this movement teaches a gospel of violence, that...
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No, the black people in this country have been the victims of violence by the hands of the
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white man for 400 years. And following the ignorant negro preachers, we had thought
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it was godlike to turn the other cheek to the brute that was brutalizing us.
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And today the honorable Elijah Muhammed has shown black people in this country that
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just as the white man and every other person on this earth has god given rights, natural rights,
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civil rights. Any kind of rights that you can think of when it comes to defending hiself.
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Black people should have the right to defend themselves also.
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In August 1963, 250.000 americans for the march on Washington.
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Malcolm came to us. He told us the story about the ????.
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One thing I can say about Malcolm: Anytime he told us something he could back it up.
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He had a ???? and he ??? said, I'm gonna tell you.
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I know what I'm talking about.
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He says, who pays the bills for civil rights?
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???????
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You have to fight your battles. And it started in the street, but once you let them become integrated
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????
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and than he relates it to a cup of coffee that is hot and as soon as you water it, put the milk in it cools down.
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And these analogies Malcolm used sometimes were funny, but they hit home.
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KIng: ?????
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Most of the people that we were organizing had also heard of Malcolm X,
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and respected him and listened to him and anytime that he was going to be on
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they made an effort to hear those speeches.
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And felt that he indeed understood what their problems were and that they needed to
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be fought against.
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And I suppose not always non-violently.
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Nineteen days after the march of Washington a bomb blew apart the sunday school
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of the 16th street baptist church in Bur???, Alabama.
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20 people were insured.
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4 little girls were killed.
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Here we're talking about bombing a church and killing 4 little girls.
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And the feeling of anger and not being able to do something or not doing something was
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tremendous.
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A lot of us sort of became desatisfied.
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Because sort of became desatisfied.
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He never spoke of it,??? that we were doing anything to help our people.
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Who'd been brutalized by the whites and the police during the civil rights movement.
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We felt that we should have gotten involved.
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One white man named Lincoln supposedly fought the civil war to solve the race problem and
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the problem is still here. And then another white man named Kennedy
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came along running for President and told negroes what all he was going to do
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for them and they voted for him 80%. He's been in office now for three years and the problem
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is still here.
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When police dogs were biting black women and black children and black babies in Birmingham, Alabama
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that Kennedy talked about what he couldn't do becasue no federal law had been violated and
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as soon as the negroes exploded and began to protect themselves and got the best of the crackers
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in Birmingham, then Kennedy sent for the troops.
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He didn't have any new law when he sent for the troops when the negroes errupted, than he had at
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the time when the whites had errupted. So we are within our rights, and with justification, when we
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express doubt concerning the ability of the white man to solve our problem.
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And also when we express doubt concerning his integrity, concerning his sincerity.
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Because will have to confess that the problem has been around for a long time and whites
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had been saying the same thing about it for the past hundred years and is no nearer
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to the solution today than a hundred years ago.
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Well, he has changed.
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Changed from religious talk to ??? talk.
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To the point where I told him (Malcolm), that I listened to him when he first started
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and I listen to him now.
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And I hear a change. He says: "What kind of change do you mean?"
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I say: "Well, your talks when you first started out caused me to have chills when you speak.
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Because of the truth of what you were saying. But now I don't feel that anymore."
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He told his answer to me: "Maybe you have lost your religion or your spirit"
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I said: "Well, maybe I have, but I'm just letting you know how I feel."
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After a while we began to notice that there were some rumblings ?? from Elijah Muhammeds family.
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Every now and then there'd be little things they would say to let you know that they got
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a problem with Malcolm rising up before the public like he's doing, because everybody had
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began to recognize him now as the spokesman.
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"Spokesman" might be alright, but at the same time he's getting the public (s attention),
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the media has got him. Everybody is all "Malcolm, Malcolm, Malcolm X"
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You're hearing Elijah Muhammeds name less and less.
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Malcolm believed he could handle the jealousies within the Nation of Islam.
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But tentions between him and the messenger would come to a head???
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in late November in 1963.
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We're sittin in the restaurant, drinking coffee, having this meeting and the captain of the mosque,
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Joseph, got a telephone call from his wife. He got up and went to the phone booth, took the call
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and he came back to the table looking visibly shocked.
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He said, that his wife had just told him that Kennedy had been shot.
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Malcolm sent somebody to get a radio out of the back and plugged in the radio and listened.
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And the announcer was saying: "To repeat. We're confirming that the president has been shot
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in Dallas, Texas. At this point we don't know how serious it is."
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And Malcolm said immediately: "That devil is dead".
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John F. Kennedy had been assassinated. Mr. Muhammed and his son called Malcolm and said:
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"Brother Minister Malcolm? My father told me to tell you and we're calling all over the country, that
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John F. Kennedy was assassinated.
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And that we should not say anything in a degradory way whatsoever, because the
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man was the president of the united states.
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And that people loved him."
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The muslims had schedules a rallye at the manhattan center in new york city.
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The day of the rallye the messenger called Malcolm to remind him to teach the
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spiritual side and avoid saying anything about the president's death.
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But he was clearly nervois about what he might say. He spoke from a prepared speech.
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Never specifically mentioned Kennedy.
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But then as if ??? courting desaster,
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he opened the floor up for questions.
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Normally he would speak ?????
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But this day he asked for questions and answer.
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He went into this litany, comparing other leaders around the world who had somehow sufferd
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at the hand of the United States Government and his agents and how this compared to what
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just happened to Kennedy.
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And he said: "Patrice Lamumba died and his wife became a widow, his people had their leader cut down
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and the US Government had been involved in doing that."
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And he went through a ??? of these always winding up with the involvement of the
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United States Government.
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So that the final point when you do those kind of things all around the world you set up an
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situation, an atmosphere, an environment in the world and sooner or later those chickens
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come home to roost.
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When he ??? I was really took ???. I didn't understand that.
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And he answered the question: "Well, I know I'll get in trouble for this, but as far as I'm concerned
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it's a case of the chickens coming home to roost."
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??? John Ali, the National Secretary was there. That's how Mr. Muhammed got the news so fast.
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This ??? is from messenger Elijah Muhammed, the ??? muslim from america.
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Mr. Malcolm ?? addressed in a public meeting at ?? center in New York City on Sunday, December 1st,
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did not speak for the muslims when he made comments of the ??? death of the president, John F. Kennedy.
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He was speaking for himself and not muslims in general. And Mr. Malcolm has been
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suspended from public speaking for the time being.
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Muhammad on President Kennedy:
Nation Still Mourns Death
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While the Nation of Islam publicly ??? for the slayed president, the leadership announced
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the silencing of Malcolm X for 90 days.
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He was to give no speeches and to have no contect with the press.
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We were doing alot of Kennedy Stories and therer was going to be a little one talking about
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Malcolm having been suspended.
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I was expecting to pick up the phone and I'd get a quote and that would be it.
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This case he hold me on the phone for longer than I expected.
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And he sounded upset, he sounded worried and it was the first time I ever sensed vulnerabilty
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in this guy who I've always been accustomed to ??? think of as an extremely strong man.
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Will censure of Malcolm X lead to split in muslims?
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Newspapers predicted a power struggle within the nation of islam.
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It was later learned the FBI fed stories to local reporters in an attempt to deepen the rift
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between Malacolm and Elijah Muhammed.
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Malcolm, isolated and exhausted, accepted an invitation to Miami.
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Where young heavy weight conteder Cassius Clay was training for his championship bout against Sunny Liston.
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??? member of the nation, Clay had been visiting muslim temples for two years and
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had asked malcolm to help him mentally prepare for the fight against Liston.
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Well going to Florida for my family was honeymoon. My parents refered to it as a honeymoon.
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Of course its significance of us going as a family was a much stronger and meaningful for them.
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For us it was just an opportunity to be with each other.
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But as my mother and father talked about it it was the first time in their real life as a marital union.
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that they had time for themselves.
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Malcolm offered to bring Cassius Clay into the Nation of Islam in exchange for his own
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reinstatement.
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But the nations hirarchy ignored Malcolms offer.
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LIke most of america they saw the young boxer as a loud mouth with little chance of
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beating Lister.
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As Malcolm watched from ring side the young Clay wore down the older champion.
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At the beginning of the 7th round a batted Liston could not come out of his corner.
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Clay had become the new heavy weight champion of the world.
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??? poetry on number seven.
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He wanted to go to heaven, so I took him ???.
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