Étienne Chouard - 10 raisons de sortir de l'Union Européenne
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0:01 - 0:03Free Culture
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0:06 - 0:08Etienne Chouard
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0:10 - 0:1310 reasons to leave the European Union
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0:14 - 0:16Part 1
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0:18 - 0:23The European Constitution, the third part of it, and all of this had been written in a treaty
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0:23 - 0:28without constituent assembly… The European Constitution,
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0:29 - 0:32the third part of it, imposed a form of politics, the liberal politics.
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0:32 - 0:36It took us most part of the debates, however, it seems to me that in the first part of it,
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0:37 - 0:42there were things much worse. So my point is to sum up with you,
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0:43 - 0:47maybe quite quickly so that it’s not… so that it’s not boring
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0:48 - 0:5210 key points that seem to me absolutely revolting ,
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0:53 - 0:57that citizens should know of, which are part of the European Institutions,
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0:58 - 1:03institutions that have been written without our agreement, have not been debated with our consultation
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1:04 - 1:07and in the end, when we were consulted, and said no,
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1:07 - 1:10they were however imposed on us through the Parliament,
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1:11 - 1:13with the Treaty of Lisbon.
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1:13 - 1:19It seems to me rather important that the citizens should know,
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1:20 - 1:26That among the thousands of articles of these Institutions, there are things against their own interest.
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1:27 - 1:31The first point is that the European Institutions,
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1:33 - 1:36And that’s in the first part, doom us to massive unemployment.
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1:37 - 1:411 - The European Union encourages massive unemployment.
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1:42 - 1:45Of course it’s not written this way, of course in the European institutions,
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1:45 - 1:53it is not said “The Institutions warrant that unemployment rate will be high.”
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1:54 - 1:57If it were written like this, we would have had revolutions… No, it’s more wicked:
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1:58 - 2:05in the first part, an independent central bank is planned,
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2:09 - 2:13having therefore no orders to receive from the people you’ve elected,
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2:14 - 2:17you can vote for the extremes, the left wing, the right wing or the centrists, whoever you want
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2:17 - 2:23the central bank is no longer accountable to the people you elect
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2:25 - 2:27either in your country, or in Europe,
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2:29 - 2:33and, which goes together with this point is that this bank’s mission, its one and only mission, its priority,
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2:34 - 2:38THE European Central Bank’s mission is to fight inflation.
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2:39 - 2:47Now, all the bankers in the world know that to fight inflation, to turn this into a priority
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2:47 - 2:51will end up in unemployment of the most disadvantaged people, the weakest ones.
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2:52 - 2:55Well, there are lots of books on this topic,
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2:55 - 2:57Still there are two that are particularly worth knowing:
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2:59 - 3:05A first book by Fitoussi, published in 2005, I think, yes that’s it January 2005.
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3:05 - 3:09So this book was published during the campaign, it’s called: “The politics of powerlessness”.
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3:11 - 3:15This book… So that you know, Fitoussi is not at all a revolutionary person
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3:15 - 3:19he’s very, very moderate, balanced. He’s an interesting economist
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3:20 - 3:23and he’s the one who uses these words, saying:
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3:23 - 3:26“All the bankers in the world know that, when they follow one goal,
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3:27 - 3:32which is to fight inflation, it ends up in unemployment.”
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3:33 - 3:36When Fitoussi says that, I think we could say it in a way even more radical
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3:37 - 3:41and more virulent and more outraged.
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3:43 - 3:46How do we know… Well, by what mechanisms the fight against inflation
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3:48 - 3:50results in unemployment and vice versa?
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3:51 - 3:56Well, you have to know that economists are at war with each other on this topic.
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3:58 - 4:00We also have to understand why they are at war
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4:00 - 4:02And who the economists are.
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4:03 - 4:06So, I begin with what seems most important to me,
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4:08 - 4:13In the economists’ thought, one of them called Phillips established, through observation
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4:14 - 4:20(he didn’t explain why it is like that),
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4:20 - 4:26But based on the statistics of one century he noticed that the inflation periods
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4:28 - 4:34Were periods of low unemployment rate and vice versa.
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4:34 - 4:41Actually, Phillips noticed this on the wages and other economists after him
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4:42 - 4:45Established the link between the wages and inflation and in the end, the combination of their works,
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4:46 - 4:49Made it clear that figures of the statistics of one century show that
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4:50 - 4:54When you have a high unemployment rate, you have a low inflation rate,
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4:55 - 4:57And when you have a high inflation rate, you have a low unemployment rate.
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4:58 - 5:03After that, to understand the reason why is a huge debate among economists.
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5:03 - 5:05There are some people, who disagree on the mechanisms,
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5:06 - 5:10But, you know, it’s an empirical truth: we do notice that
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5:13 - 5:19Fighting against unemployment will increase the wages and so will inflation.
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5:20 - 5:23Well, we can understand, there are some mechanisms quite simple:
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5:23 - 5:27When there is a low unemployment rate, when you are sure you’ll find a job,
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5:27 - 5:30If you lose your job, you’re going to find another one,
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5:31 - 5:34You’re going to be more demanding when you have another job
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5:34 - 5:39And ask for your wages, because you have… because you’re not in a precarious situation,
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5:40 - 5:42You are not afraid for your job,
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5:42 - 5:45You know that you’re going to find another one, there are jobs for everybody
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5:45 - 5:47You will be demanding when asking for your wages. And the firms impact the wages,
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5:48 - 5:52which are costs for them, they impact them on the prices.
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5:53 - 5:56So there is actually a logic, quite simple, and surely quite strong.
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5:56 - 6:00It’s not the only mechanism but it’s one of them that we have to know.
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6:02 - 6:07On the contrary, a high unemployment rate enables the employers to impose low wages
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6:08 - 6:12Because as people are afraid for their job, they are not demanding,
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6:12 - 6:15they are more submitted and there is less pressure on the wages,
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6:16 - 6:18so there is less pressure on the costs, so it enables the employers
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6:19 - 6:25to go on making high benefits without their having to pay high wages.
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6:28 - 6:33So Friedman and a bunch of economists that we can define as prostituted,
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6:33 - 6:37I think that, generally speaking, the economists have a prostituted thought,
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6:38 - 6:41it’s a harsh attack, sure, but I think it’s so obvious,
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6:42 - 6:45that it’s however difficult to question this,
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6:46 - 6:49we can’t say that all of them are prostituted,
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6:50 - 6:55there are economists, few, that are humanist, honest, resisting
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6:56 - 6:59and not prostituted, not corrupted by the richest people
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7:00 - 7:03but the main reason why the economist were born was
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7:06 - 7:10to make durable the domination of the richest people,
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7:10 - 7:12to justify and legitimate,
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7:13 - 7:19make natural, as if it was a unquestionable and natural fact,
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7:21 - 7:23“let’s talk about something else now”, the domination of the richest people.
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7:25 - 7:33Ricardo was the son of a banker, himself involved in the financial business and he protected,
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7:34 - 7:38with his economic theory, the interests of the class he belonged to.
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7:41 - 7:45So the economists, for example Friedman,
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7:46 - 7:53contest the correlation there is, as reversed proportions,
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7:53 - 7:57between inflation and unemployment saying : “Not at all…
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7:58 - 8:01there were a few years in the 70’s, when the correlation
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8:02 - 8:06was not noticed. And they took this variation in the statistics
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8:08 - 8:11as a pretext to argue that the principle was not right,
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8:12 - 8:15when actually you could as well say that the principle is right,
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8:15 - 8:20most of the time because most of the time when you fight against unemployment
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8:20 - 8:25will end up in inflation and if this inflation goes on will make the unemployment rate decrease.
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8:26 - 8:33We can say it in other words: this principle is most of the time witnessed,
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8:34 - 8:39and indeed in the 70’s it was not, certainly for reasons
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8:40 - 8:43that are still to determine, other reasons that were stronger,
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8:44 - 8:47in this couple of years , than the general principle, but which are
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8:48 - 8:51no reason enough to declare Phillips’ work null.
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8:51 - 8:58So the little book I suggest you read, written by Liêm Hoang-Ngoc,
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8:58 - 9:02hard to pronounce and to remember but he’s a good economist,
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9:03 - 9:08a young man who’s made an absolutely remarkable work on other topics as well,
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9:09 - 9:11this book’s called “The fabulous destiny of the Phillips’ curve”.
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9:12 - 9:15This is a good little book, which is useful to remind people of Phillips’ work,
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9:17 - 9:21and it shows the ideological fight,
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9:22 - 9:28cause it’s damn important for the employers to prevent being said
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9:30 - 9:34that we have to chose between inflation and unemployment
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9:34 - 9:37and that in the end the society’s choice for the economy is inflation
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9:38 - 9:41or unemployment, because what they want is unemployment.
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9:44 - 9:51They know it’s linked but they cannot admit it, that inflation gnaws their gold pile I mean,
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9:52 - 9:54whereas as for the workers and the firms…
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9:56 - 9:58Workers are not bothered by inflation.
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9:58 - 10:03If you have an indexation… Maurice Allais, Nobel Prize in Economy
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10:03 - 10:10stands for the idea of the general indexation of the wages, the rents, the loans on the inflation,
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10:10 - 10:12so that nobody is put at a disadvantage,
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10:13 - 10:17so that the unit of monetary measure is not variable
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10:18 - 10:20Let’s imagine that a mile would constantly change its length,
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10:21 - 10:24It would be very complicated to measure anything.
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10:25 - 10:29In the same way, a currency must have a stable value
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10:31 - 10:35In order for the actors to have points of reference that can be trusted.
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10:36 - 10:39So in a general indexation background
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10:41 - 10:45if wages fluctuate together with the inflation, you don’t have anything to fear from inflation,
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10:46 - 10:50you have a shield protecting you against inflation.
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10:51 - 10:56And if the rent are indexed on the inflation, the landlords
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10:57 - 10:59renting their buildings are protected against inflation.
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11:00 - 11:03So in the end who does inflation put at a disadvantage?
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11:03 - 11:07People who have cash, people who have a lot of money,
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11:08 - 11:10in particular people who have huge amounts of fiduciary money.
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11:11 - 11:14This money loses value, dramatically.
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11:15 - 11:19If you have between 10% and 15% of inflation, these people,
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11:19 - 11:21and there are so few of them,
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11:22 - 11:25there are very few people who have lots of cash, to the point
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11:26 - 11:29they really worry about it, very few people.
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11:31 - 11:33So shall these people…
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11:36 - 11:41these people’s interests be given priority on general interest ?
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11:41 - 11:47It seems to me the answer is no. A bit of inflation, a general indexation so
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11:47 - 11:50in the end everyday people are protected against inflation,
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11:50 - 11:53if this makes it possible to fight unemployment and to give everyone a job,
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11:53 - 11:56well, listen, it’s a society’s choice, which, at least,
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11:56 - 11:59could be the object of a public debate. We could discuss it.
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11:59 - 12:01Well no, the European Union decided for you,
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12:02 - 12:07you didn’t have your say in the matter: in 1957 was established,
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12:07 - 12:10with the Treaty of Rome, a system,
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12:11 - 12:14that was very cleverly done because during the first years,
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12:15 - 12:21for 20 years actually, the Treaty of Rome was not enforced.
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12:22 - 12:25It was established but not enforced. So people,
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12:26 - 12:32in the beginning had been very suspicious. Mendès France stormed against it, sayting:
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12:32 - 12:35“This is not good at all, we are going to lose our sovereign power.
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12:35 - 12:38We have many things to lose with this treaty.” And then, years going by,
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12:38 - 12:42and nothing changing: we were protectionist, nationalist,
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12:42 - 12:45we had control on our currency,
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12:45 - 12:47in the end this treaty didn’t make any difference in our lives.
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12:48 - 12:51there was a control of trade and exchange, we had our currency,
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12:53 - 12:58there was no free trade. This treaty established things that were not enforced
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12:58 - 13:01We let it go, we lowered our guard.
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13:02 - 13:05We were not suspicious and in the 80’s, without breathing a word of it,
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13:05 - 13:08to us, they enforced the Treaty of Rome,
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13:08 - 13:11they started to implement it. They started to implement free trade,
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13:12 - 13:15to liberalize the capital, the capital movements,
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13:16 - 13:18to authorize the free establishment of any firm anywhere,
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13:18 - 13:22in any State, thus authorizing, they authorized
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13:22 - 13:25the competition of all against all.
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13:26 - 13:30And we were asleep, we had lowered our guard
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13:30 - 13:34and every time brave militants were protesting
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13:34 - 13:36they were answered back: “Come on
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13:36 - 13:39you’re protesting against something that was written in 1957!”
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13:40 - 13:44That is very clever. Very clever indeed. To implement a system step by step,
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13:45 - 13:48gradually, people don’t see anything, well yes they see but you know…
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13:49 - 13:52It’s not important enough to rebel against it. And eventually
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13:52 - 13:54you have an awful machine that has been established,
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13:55 - 13:58and that has been established at the highest level of law, constitutional law,
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13:58 - 14:02and even on the international level, with treaties that are not revisable,
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14:02 - 14:05unless there is a unanimity, and the more we are,
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14:05 - 14:09the more unanimity becomes a block, the total impossibility
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14:09 - 14:14to change anything. And that’s where we are. Because we are 27 and the unanimity at 27…
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14:15 - 14:17we will never be able to change anything to these treaties anymore.
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14:18 - 14:24So, to get back to what I said in the beginning, the first point, loathsome point,
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14:25 - 14:31truly loathsome, really a reason to revolt, to start a revolution!
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14:32 - 14:37is the institutionalization of unemployment,
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14:39 - 14:44the constitutional obligation, the condemnation to massive unemployment.
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14:44 - 14:48I do think it is very serious!
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14:48 - 14:50The monetary politics is able to influence the relation between inflation and unemployment,
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14:50 - 14:55playing on the interest rates and the creation of money.
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14:58 - 15:03The choice that has been made by the oligarchs is massive unemployment
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15:03 - 15:07and the less inflation possible, which goes together. And they didn’t tell you
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15:07 - 15:11“massive unemployment” they told you “less inflation possible”,
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15:11 - 15:14saying it is to protect the weakest. Bullshit!
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15:14 - 15:17It’s not to protect the weakest it’s to protect the richest
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