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Free Culture

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Etienne Chouard

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10 reasons to leave the European Union

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Part 1

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The European Constitution, the third part of it, and all of this had been written in a treaty

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without constituent assembly… The European Constitution,

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the third part of it, imposed a form of politics, the liberal politics.

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It took us most part of the debates, however, it seems to me that in the first part of it,

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there were things much worse. So my point is to sum up with you,

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maybe quite quickly so that it’s not… so that it’s not boring

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10 key points that seem to me absolutely revolting ,

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that citizens should know of, which are part of the European Institutions,

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institutions that have been written without our agreement, have not been debated with our consultation

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and in the end, when we were consulted, and said no,

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they were however imposed on us through the Parliament,

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with the Treaty of Lisbon.

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It seems to me rather important that the citizens should know,

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That among the thousands of articles of these Institutions, there are things against their own interest.

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The first point is that the European Institutions,

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And that’s in the first part, doom us to massive unemployment.

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1 - The European Union encourages massive unemployment.

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Of course it’s not written this way, of course in the European institutions,

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it is not said “The Institutions warrant that unemployment rate will be high.”

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If it were written like this, we would have had revolutions… No, it’s more wicked:

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in the first part, an independent central bank is planned,

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having therefore no orders to receive from the people you’ve elected,

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you can vote for the extremes, the left wing, the right wing or the centrists, whoever you want

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the central bank is no longer accountable to the people you elect

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either in your country, or in Europe,

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and, which goes together with this point is that this bank’s mission, its one and only mission, its priority,

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THE European Central Bank’s mission is to fight inflation.

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Now, all the bankers in the world know that to fight inflation, to turn this into a priority

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will end up in unemployment of the most disadvantaged people, the weakest ones.

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Well, there are lots of books on this topic,

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Still there are two that are particularly worth knowing:

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A first book by Fitoussi, published in 2005, I think, yes that’s it January 2005.

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So this book was published during the campaign, it’s called: “The politics of powerlessness”.

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This book… So that you know, Fitoussi is not at all a revolutionary person

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he’s very, very moderate, balanced. He’s an interesting economist

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and he’s the one who uses these words, saying:

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“All the bankers in the world know that, when they follow one goal,

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which is to fight inflation, it ends up in unemployment.”

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When Fitoussi says that, I think we could say it in a way even more radical

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and more virulent and more outraged.

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How do we know… Well, by what mechanisms the fight against inflation

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results in unemployment and vice versa?

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Well, you have to know that economists are at war with each other on this topic.

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We also have to understand why they are at war

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And who the economists are.

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So, I begin with what seems most important to me,

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In the economists’ thought, one of them called Phillips established, through observation

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(he didn’t explain why it is like that),

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But based on the statistics of one century he noticed that the inflation periods

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Were periods of low unemployment rate and vice versa.

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Actually, Phillips noticed this on the wages and other economists after him

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Established the link between the wages and inflation and in the end, the combination of their works,

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Made it clear that figures of the statistics of one century show that

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When you have a high unemployment rate, you have a low inflation rate,

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And when you have a high inflation rate, you have a low unemployment rate.

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After that, to understand the reason why is a huge debate among economists.

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There are some people, who disagree on the mechanisms,

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But, you know, it’s an empirical truth: we do notice that

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Fighting against unemployment will increase the wages and so will inflation.

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Well, we can understand, there are some mechanisms quite simple:

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When there is a low unemployment rate, when you are sure you’ll find a job,

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If you lose your job, you’re going to find another one,

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You’re going to be more demanding when you have another job

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And ask for your wages, because you have… because you’re not in a precarious situation,

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You are not afraid for your job,

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You know that you’re going to find another one, there are jobs for everybody

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You will be demanding when asking for your wages. And the firms impact the wages,

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which are costs for them, they impact them on the prices.

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So there is actually a logic, quite simple, and surely quite strong.

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It’s not the only mechanism but it’s one of them that we have to know.

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On the contrary, a high unemployment rate enables the employers to impose low wages

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Because as people are afraid for their job, they are not demanding,

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they are more submitted and there is less pressure on the wages,

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so there is less pressure on the costs, so it enables the employers

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to go on making high benefits without their having to pay high wages.

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So Friedman and a bunch of economists that we can define as prostituted,

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I think that, generally speaking, the economists have a prostituted thought,

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it’s a harsh attack, sure, but I think it’s so obvious,

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that it’s however difficult to question this,

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we can’t say that all of them are prostituted,

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there are economists, few, that are humanist, honest, resisting

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and not prostituted, not corrupted by the richest people

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but the main reason why the economist were born was

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to make durable the domination of the richest people,

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to justify and legitimate,

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make natural, as if it was a unquestionable and natural fact,

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“let’s talk about something else now”, the domination of the richest people.

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Ricardo was the son of a banker, himself involved in the financial business and he protected,

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with his economic theory, the interests of the class he belonged to.

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So the economists, for example Friedman,

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contest the correlation there is, as reversed proportions,

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between inflation and unemployment saying : “Not at all…

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there were a few years in the 70’s, when the correlation

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was not noticed. And they took this variation in the statistics

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as a pretext to argue that the principle was not right,

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when actually you could as well say that the principle is right,

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most of the time because most of the time when you fight against unemployment

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will end up in inflation and if this inflation goes on will make the unemployment rate decrease.

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We can say it in other words: this principle is most of the time witnessed,

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and indeed in the 70’s it was not, certainly for reasons

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that are still to determine, other reasons that were stronger,

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in this couple of years , than the general principle, but which are

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no reason enough to declare Phillips’ work null.

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So the little book I suggest you read, written by Liêm Hoang-Ngoc,

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hard to pronounce and to remember but he’s a good economist,

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a young man who’s made an absolutely remarkable work on other topics as well,

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this book’s called “The fabulous destiny of the Phillips’ curve”.

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This is a good little book, which is useful to remind people of Phillips’ work,

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and it shows the ideological fight,

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cause it’s damn important for the employers to prevent being said

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that we have to chose between inflation and unemployment

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and that in the end the society’s choice for the economy is inflation

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or unemployment, because what they want is unemployment.

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They know it’s linked but they cannot admit it, that inflation gnaws their gold pile I mean,

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whereas as for the workers and the firms…

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Workers are not bothered by inflation.

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If you have an indexation… Maurice Allais, Nobel Prize in Economy

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stands for the idea of the general indexation of the wages, the rents, the loans on the inflation,

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so that nobody is put at a disadvantage,

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so that the unit of monetary measure is not variable

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Let’s imagine that a mile would constantly change its length,

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It would be very complicated to measure anything.

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In the same way, a currency must have a stable value

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In order for the actors to have points of reference that can be trusted.

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So in a general indexation background

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if wages fluctuate together with the inflation, you don’t have anything to fear from inflation,

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you have a shield protecting you against inflation.

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And if the rent are indexed on the inflation, the landlords

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renting their buildings are protected against inflation.

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So in the end who does inflation put at a disadvantage?

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People who have cash, people who have a lot of money,

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in particular people who have huge amounts of fiduciary money.

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This money loses value, dramatically.

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If you have between 10% and 15% of inflation, these people,

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and there are so few of them,

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there are very few people who have lots of cash, to the point

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they really worry about it, very few people.

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So shall these people…

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these people’s interests be given priority on general interest ?

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It seems to me the answer is no. A bit of inflation, a general indexation so

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in the end everyday people are protected against inflation,

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if this makes it possible to fight unemployment and to give everyone a job,

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well, listen, it’s a society’s choice, which, at least,

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could be the object of a public debate. We could discuss it.

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Well no, the European Union decided for you,

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you didn’t have your say in the matter: in 1957 was established,

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with the Treaty of Rome, a system,

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that was very cleverly done because during the first years,

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for 20 years actually, the Treaty of Rome was not enforced.

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It was established but not enforced. So people,

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in the beginning had been very suspicious. Mendès France stormed against it, sayting:

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“This is not good at all, we are going to lose our sovereign power.

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We have many things to lose with this treaty.” And then, years going by,

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and nothing changing: we were protectionist, nationalist,

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we had control on our currency,

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in the end this treaty didn’t make any difference in our lives.

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there was a control of trade and exchange, we had our currency,

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there was no free trade. This treaty established things that were not enforced

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We let it go, we lowered our guard.

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We were not suspicious and in the 80’s, without breathing a word of it,

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to us, they enforced the Treaty of Rome,

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they started to implement it. They started to implement free trade,

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to liberalize the capital, the capital movements,

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to authorize the free establishment of any firm anywhere,

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in any State, thus authorizing, they authorized

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the competition of all against all.

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And we were asleep, we had lowered our guard

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and every time brave militants were protesting

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they were answered back: “Come on

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you’re protesting against something that was written in 1957!”

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That is very clever. Very clever indeed. To implement a system step by step,

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gradually, people don’t see anything, well yes they see but you know…

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It’s not important enough to rebel against it. And eventually

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you have an awful machine that has been established,

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and that has been established at the highest level of law, constitutional law,

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and even on the international level, with treaties that are not revisable,

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unless there is a unanimity, and the more we are,

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the more unanimity becomes a block, the total impossibility

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to change anything. And that’s where we are. Because we are 27 and the unanimity at 27…

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we will never be able to change anything to these treaties anymore.

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So, to get back to what I said in the beginning, the first point, loathsome point,

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truly loathsome, really a reason to revolt, to start a revolution!

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is the institutionalization of unemployment,

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the constitutional obligation, the condemnation to massive unemployment.

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I do think it is very serious!

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The monetary politics is able to influence the relation between inflation and unemployment,

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playing on the interest rates and the creation of money.

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The choice that has been made by the oligarchs is massive unemployment

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and the less inflation possible, which goes together. And they didn’t tell you

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“massive unemployment” they told you “less inflation possible”,

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saying it is to protect the weakest. Bullshit!

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It’s not to protect the weakest it’s to protect the richest

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