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Insight therapies focus on awareness on
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promoting thoughts, beliefs, and feelings
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causing negative behaviors.
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The first type of insight therapy, which
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was created by Freud is psychoanalysis,
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which emphasizes the importance of
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uncovering unconscious motivations,
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desires, and defense mechanisms.
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It used free association and
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dream analysis to bring these unconscious
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elements into conscious awareness.
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Free association is used to uncover
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unconscious content by having the clients
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say whatever comes to mind
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without any kind of self-censoring.
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Dream analysis is used to uncover
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unconscious content by interpreting
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symbols within dreams,
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by providing insights into the origins
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of the problems. These techniques are
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meant to alleviate the
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associated conflict or anxiety.
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Over the course of therapy, patients
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sometimes develop resistance. The
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unconscious tendency to slow
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down the progress of therapy to
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avoid facing painful conflicts.
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Or transference, where the client
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begins unconsciously interacting
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with the analyst as if the analyst
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as if the analys were a figure from
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the client's past or present. Current
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evidence shows limited
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success in treating mental disorders with
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psychoanalysis. And so, clinicians
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often suggest other kinds of
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talk therapy or psychotherapy in
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order to alleviate mental distress.
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Structured or unstructured,
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guided or unguided, talk therapy
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offers the clients a chance to talk about
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their problems and implement solutions.
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For example, interpersonal therapy
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helps clients cope with life's
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challenges by helping them straighten
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relationships and identify sources of
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support, Cognitive behavioral therapy
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involves teaching clients skills for
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recognizing and then changing negative
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thoughts, as well as strategies
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for changing unhelpful behaviors.
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Humanistic therapies emphasize a
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person's capacity to growth and change.
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For example, in client-centered therapy,
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the therapist provided empathy and
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emotional support while the
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client directs the therapeutic process.
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In contrast to psychodynamic therapy,
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which is guided by the therapist, this
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therapy has the client lead the
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conversation. To reduce resistance and
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client defensiveness, therapists give
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their clients unconditional positive
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regard, non-judgemental acceptance
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and support of their clients regardless
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of what they say or do. They demonstrate
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this to the client by practicing active
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listening. A technique in which the
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therapist restates the clients'
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feelings back to them using mirroring
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statements., such as "I hear you saying
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that, " in order to ensure that they are
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understanding the client's concerns.
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Gestalt therapy seeks to help clients
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improve their self-awareness and realize
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the ways in which their behavior
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influences their situations. For
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example, a therapist might role-play
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a previously upsetting experience with a
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client and then discuss how the
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experience makes the client feel right
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now. Clients can use this to begin to
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understand how their reactions shape what
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happens to them. Compared to client-
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centered therapy, Gestalt therapy involves
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the use of more active exercises during
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therapy sessions. Rather than focusing
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solely on discussion, existential therapy
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is based on the premise that people can
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maintain their freedom, even in the most
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extreme circumstances, by choosing how to
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respond to their situation. It's
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grounded in the belief that life has no
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inherent or objective meaning. Rather
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humans have a sacred duty to assign a
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meaning to life and to their individual
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actions. Existential therapists use
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techniques from client-centered therapy,
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such as empathy and unconditional
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positive regard. However, their sessions
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are likely to include more emphasis on
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spiritual questions and facing the
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universal reality of death.
