[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.02,0:00:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uhm, excuse me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.08,0:00:08.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pardon me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.61,0:00:10.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, no no. Not up there.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.94,0:00:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm down here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.14,0:00:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yup.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.52,0:00:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.74,0:00:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am a scientist,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.70,0:00:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've come to improve\Nyour situation just a bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.43,0:00:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See that fire over there?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.32,0:00:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever really wondered\Nwhat the flames are, from that fire?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.92,0:00:30.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean look at all of those colors.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.74,0:00:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you feel that heat. It's hot, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.16,0:00:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well gee, it must be torture\Nbeing around all these flames
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.93,0:00:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not knowing what they are.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.72,0:00:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, take a look at this cupcake.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.60,0:00:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see a flame\Non top of this delicious looking cupcake?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.58,0:00:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You do like cupcakes, don't you?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.48,0:00:46.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take a closer look, shall we?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.39,0:00:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fantastic!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.38,0:00:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look at the flame\Non top of this cupcake,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.76,0:00:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we first notice a few things,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.66,0:00:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like all the colors.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.46,0:00:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the bottom,\Nwe have this blueish color.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.64,0:01:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the top,\Nit's more yellow, orange and reddish.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.60,0:01:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, the flame is hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.50,0:01:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is it so flaming hot?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.94,0:01:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, to answer these questions,\Nyou need to know something very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.86,0:01:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, everything is made up\Nof tiny things called atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.02,0:01:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these things are the building blocks\Nthat make up everything!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.35,0:01:16.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're really small.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.61,0:01:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Smaller.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.79,0:01:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Smaller!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.32,0:01:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even smaller!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.64,0:01:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hey, look, you can't even see them,\Nthey're so small.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.91,0:01:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exactly!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.59,0:01:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anything you can think of\Nis made up of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.48,0:01:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yup, this air conditioner\Nis made up of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.24,0:01:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This delicious popsicle\Nis made up of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.72,0:01:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This ice water is made up of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.05,0:01:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything is made up\Nof billions and billions of atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.80,0:01:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this candle and flame are made up\Nof three kinds of atoms:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.66,0:01:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.86,0:01:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The carbon\Nand the hydrogen are locked together
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.06,0:01:54.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to form the solid wax and wick.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.21,0:01:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The oxygen is a gas all around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.83,0:02:01.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Normally,\Nthe oxygen doesn't do much to the candle
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.18,0:02:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It just bounces off of the surface,\Nnot doing any real damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.12,0:02:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when we add heat,\Nthe oxygen atoms go bananas!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.74,0:02:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they shake the wax, like crazy!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.92,0:02:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Until finally,\Nwith enough force, they snap apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.39,0:02:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They leave the candle as a gas,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.64,0:02:19.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they mix with the oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.41,0:02:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uh-oh, I smell trouble.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.34,0:02:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the fancy science word\Nfor all of this is
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.62,0:02:27.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pyrolysis.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.06,0:02:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the first thing\Nthat needs to happen to get a flame.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.78,0:02:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's when the fuel turns to a gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.99,0:02:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's see what happens\Nwhen these hot gasses combine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.01,0:02:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Announcer) Ladies and gentlemen,\Nin this corner,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.91,0:02:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was once a solid, now he's a gas!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.47,0:02:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's the fuel from the West!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.58,0:02:48.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in this corner,\Nnot one, but two groups of oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.02,0:02:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.08,0:02:50.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,React!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.32,0:02:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Any time certain atoms get hit\Nhard enough,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.27,0:02:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they spit out blue light.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.02,0:03:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because there are lots of atoms\Ngetting hit hard
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.48,0:03:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lots of atoms spitting out blue light,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.75,0:03:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get a blue flame.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.94,0:03:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here comes another science word. Ready?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.64,0:03:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chemiluminescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.41,0:03:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know, it's a big one. One more time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.69,0:03:14.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chemiluminescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.15,0:03:16.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's when atoms shine light\Nwhen they rearrange.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.41,0:03:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's why flames are blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.26,0:03:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the blue light is not hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.51,0:03:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wait!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.88,0:03:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the blue flame is really hot!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.05,0:03:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if the blue light is not the hot part,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.19,0:03:30.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then what does make a flame so hot?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.57,0:03:33.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, remember our fuel atoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.43,0:03:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our oxygen atoms?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.90,0:03:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They rearranged\Nto make new stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.68,0:03:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like water and carbon dioxide.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.93,0:03:41.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as they rearrange,\Nthey snap together.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.57,0:03:42.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with each...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.90,0:03:43.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(snapping sound)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.79,0:03:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the new thing shakes like crazy!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.42,0:03:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when the rearranging is done,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.96,0:03:49.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have lots of new stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.52,0:03:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all shaking really fast!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.74,0:03:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we put something close\Nto those raging atoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.54,0:03:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those atoms begin to shake\Nlike crazy, too,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.82,0:03:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the atoms in our fingers,\Nand that's heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.25,0:04:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called oxidation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.19,0:04:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's when the oxygen atoms combine\Nwith other atoms to make new stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.04,0:04:09.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's why flames are so hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.55,0:04:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right then,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.51,0:04:13.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why are most flames\Nyellow, orange and red?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.19,0:04:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, remember our first reaction?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.42,0:04:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had one group of fuel atoms\Nand two groups of oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.88,0:04:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They made a flame that was very hot
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.95,0:04:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.56,0:04:25.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But watch what happens\Nif there's not enough oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.32,0:04:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we take some away.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.91,0:04:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Announcer) Ladies and gentlemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.49,0:04:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happens\Nwhen there's not enough oxygen?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.59,0:04:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(audience gasp)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.31,0:04:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's this?\NA single carbon atom left all alone?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.93,0:04:40.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's okay, because all of his left-over\Ncarbon friends come to join him,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.53,0:04:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they form large, black particles\Nwe call soot.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.86,0:04:45.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, they're not so large.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.22,0:04:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're so small\Nwe can't even see them.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.10,0:04:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But to a single atom,\Nthey are enormous!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.16,0:04:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Announcer) Enormous!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.32,0:04:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know what you're thinking.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.66,0:04:56.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do black particles make yellow flames?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.90,0:04:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, let me show you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.13,0:05:00.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But first,\NI need something big and black,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.11,0:05:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like this pitch fork, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.88,0:05:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Excuse me, Sir, Your Evilness,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.37,0:05:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could you please place your pitch fork\Nin those scorching flames?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.44,0:05:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.40,0:05:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Big black objects are like sponges\Nthat soak up heat!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.69,0:05:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have to get rid of this energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.41,0:05:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they spit it out by glowing!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.56,0:05:18.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The hotter they get,\Nthe more brightly they glow!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.25,0:05:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the same thing happens\Nwith our soot particles.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.68,0:05:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They drink in heat\Nfrom all of those hot atoms.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.26,0:05:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they glow brighter\Nand brighter,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.95,0:05:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until they look like this!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.30,0:05:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because there are millions\Nand millions of soot particles,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.46,0:05:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all glowing hot,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.08,0:05:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we get this yellow flame.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.92,0:05:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called incandescence.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.29,0:05:38.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's when the soot particles glow\Nbecause they're hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.67,0:05:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the reason why flames are yellow.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.04,0:05:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's it. That's what flames are.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.35,0:05:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, who knew\Ncupcakes could be so much fun?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.94,0:05:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, first, the fuel loses mass\Nand turns into a gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.93,0:05:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before the next change is through,\Natoms shine blue.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.80,0:05:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the process is complete,\Nit gives off heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.55,0:05:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Extra carbon will grow red,\Norange and yellow.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.85,0:06:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hey, those are just like the lyrics
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.69,0:06:03.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from that really awesome song\Nabout flames.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.79,0:06:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, the one that goes:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.82,0:06:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ The fuel loses mass. ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.05,0:06:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ It turns to gas. ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.42,0:06:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ Before the next change is through, ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.79,0:06:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ some atoms shine blue. ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.72,0:06:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ When the process is complete, ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.67,0:06:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ it gives off heat. ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.78,0:06:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ Extra carbon will glow ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.04,0:06:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ red, orange, yellow. ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.95,0:06:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ The fuel loses mass. ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.54,0:06:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ It turns to a gas. ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.23,0:06:27.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ Before the next change is through, ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.100,0:06:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ some atoms turn blue. ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.68,0:06:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ When the process is complete, ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.69,0:06:33.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ it gives off heat. ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.51,0:06:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ Extra carbon will glow ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.91,0:06:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,♪ red, orange, yellow. ♪
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.78,0:06:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(chorus repeats)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.96,0:06:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(vocal backing: Pyrolysis)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.14,0:06:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Chemiluminescence)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.17,0:06:49.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Oxidation)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.60,0:06:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Incandescence)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.80,0:07:15.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(repeat)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.15,0:07:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(song finishes)