[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.52,0:00:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Post Carbon Institute Presents
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.77,0:00:07.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Ultimate Roller Coaster Ride
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.57,0:00:10.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An Abbreviated History of Fossil Fuels
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.61,0:00:14.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It all started with a big bang.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.43,0:00:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wait, we don't have to go that far.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.47,0:00:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The earth was formed 4.5 billion years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.93,0:00:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Still too far, try this;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.26,0:00:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the middle ages,\Npeople in Britain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.90,0:00:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,run out of fire wood\Nand start burning coal.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.12,0:00:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they use up\Nthe coal in the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.26,0:00:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,miners dig deep,\Ncoal mines fill with water,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.92,0:00:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thomas Newcomen invents\Na coal burning steam engine
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.43,0:00:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pump out water\Nso miners can keep digging.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.10,0:00:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,James Watt makes it\Npractical for other uses.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.44,0:00:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we have ingredients\Nfor the industrial revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.06,0:00:47.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fossil fuels and\Na way to put them to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.88,0:00:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All hell breaks loose.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.47,0:00:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Coal miners bog down\Nlogging coal,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.46,0:00:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rails make it easier.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.10,0:00:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rails and steam engines\Ncombined make a railroad.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.05,0:00:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Michael Faraday makes\Nthe first electric motor.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.39,0:01:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nicolas Tesla invents\Nalternating current.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.76,0:01:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soon utility companies start\Nburning coal to generate electricity.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.53,0:01:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile Edwin Drake drills\Nthe first rock oil well in Pennsylvania
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.88,0:01:13.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Carl Daimler (Benz) builds\Nan automobile running on petroleum.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.06,0:01:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Coal, tar and oil are\Nturned into industrial chemicals
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.26,0:01:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pharmaceuticals that prolong\Nlife, more population growth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.02,0:01:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Wright brothers start \Noil fueled aviation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.64,0:01:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch make\Nfertilizers from fossil fuels.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.44,0:01:29.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fertilizer and oil powered\Ntractors expand food production,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.65,0:01:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,feeding more people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.36,0:01:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,WWI is the first\Nfossil fueled conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.34,0:01:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then comes WWII giving us \Nguided missiles and atom bombs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.07,0:01:41.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In between is a great depression,\Npartly caused by overproduction,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.76,0:01:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,powered assembly lines make\Nproducts faster than people need them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.42,0:01:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Advertising executives invent\Nconsumerism to soak up overproduction.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.82,0:01:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the 1950's and\Nadvertisers use television
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.76,0:01:55.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hook new generations\Nof consumers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.39,0:01:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 70's there\Nis an oil shock.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.62,0:02:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone shocked to realize\Nhow depended they are on oil.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.41,0:02:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the energy crises\Nthe environmental movement is born.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.08,0:02:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But oil prices fall and\Neveryone forgets energy shortages.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.68,0:02:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a showdown between\Nmarket and planned economies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.73,0:02:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Market wins, goodbye\N"evil Soviet Empire".
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.59,0:02:17.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Politicians decide the\Nmarket will solve everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.83,0:02:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Personal computers arrive.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.68,0:02:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Globalization takes over\Nwhen the market notices
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.06,0:02:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,labor is cheaper in China.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.06,0:02:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Suddenly everyone has a cellphone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.79,0:02:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But world oil production\Nstalls out.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.01,0:02:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China is now burning half the world's\Ncoal to make export products.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.69,0:02:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where will China get more\Ncoal and oil to fuel more growth?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.54,0:02:40.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Environmental problems everywhere,\Nrising CO2 levels lead to record heat waves,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.37,0:02:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,floods, droughts, oceans acidify.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.80,0:02:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Top soil erodes by 25 billion tonnes\Na year from industrial agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.26,0:02:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ancient forests disappear,\Nspecies go extinct at a 1000 times normal rates.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.04,0:02:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fresh water is\Nscarce or poluted.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.24,0:02:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oil companies drill in miles of sea-water\Nbecause the easy oil is gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.26,0:03:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a deep water oil-platform\Nexplodes and fouls the gulf of mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.88,0:03:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Manufacturing moves to polluting\Ncountries where labor is cheap,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.10,0:03:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while the US becomes a casino,\Nthe financial sector is 40% of the economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.96,0:03:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Wall street is\Nover-leveraged,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.10,0:03:16.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,banks fail, unemployment soars,\Ncredit evaporates,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.13,0:03:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the economy is\Non the verge of collapse!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.43,0:03:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok, present time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.74,0:03:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's amazing how far\Nwe have come in 200 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.14,0:03:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just 3 human life times,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.80,0:03:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the beginning of\Nindustrialism until now.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.17,0:03:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But where are we headed?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.10,0:03:33.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't keep doubling human population,\Nwe can't keep dumping carbon in the atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.91,0:03:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't keep ruining topsoil,\Nwe can't keep growing population and consumption.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.43,0:03:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or basing our economy\Non depleting fossil fuels.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.85,0:03:45.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't just print more money\Nto solve the debt crisis.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.64,0:03:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's been an exhilarating ride\Nbut there are limits.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.04,0:03:53.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's not the end of the world\Nbut we have to do 4 things fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.31,0:03:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Learn to live without fossil fuels.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.78,0:03:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Adapt to the end of economic\Ngrowth as we've known it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.86,0:04:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Support 7 billion humans and stabilize\Npopulation at a sustainable level.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.95,0:04:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And deal with our legacy of\Nenvironmental destruction.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.30,0:04:11.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In short, we have to live within nature's\Nbudget of renewable resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.79,0:04:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at rates of natural replenishment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.40,0:04:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.80,0:04:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have no choice!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.65,0:04:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alternative energy sources are important
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.77,0:04:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but none can fully replace\Nfossil fuels in the time we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.19,0:04:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, we've designed and built our\Ninfrastructure for transport, electricity
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.13,0:04:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and farming to suit oil, coal and gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.14,0:04:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Changing to different energy sources\Nwill require us to redesign cities,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.88,0:04:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,manufacturing processes,\Nhealth care and more.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.94,0:04:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll also have to rethink some\Nof our cultural values.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.34,0:04:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,None of our global problems\Ncan be tackled in isolation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.17,0:04:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many cannot be fully solved.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.26,0:04:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to prepare\Nfor business as unusual.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.38,0:04:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our best goal is resilience.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.49,0:04:54.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ability to\Nabsorb shocks and keep going.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.95,0:04:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we do nothing, we still get to a\Npost carbon future but it will be bleak.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.70,0:05:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However if we plan the transition,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.07,0:05:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can have a world that supports\Nrobust communities of healthy creative people
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.07,0:05:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ecosystems with\Nmillions of other species.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.29,0:05:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One way or the other,\Nwe are in for the ride of a lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.11,0:05:19.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Understand the issues and pitch in.\NIt's all hands on deck!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.74,0:05:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Narrated by:\NRICHARD HEINBERG
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.21,0:05:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Illustrated by:\NMONSTRO