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Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.94,0:00:05.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1\N00:00:02,943 --> 00:00:05,997\N[Musica]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.100,0:00:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2\N00:00:10,998 --> 00:00:13,504\NMeu nome ж Prof. Michio Kaku.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.50,0:00:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3\N00:00:13,504 --> 00:00:17,379\NSou professor de fьsica teзrica na City University da Universidade de New York
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.38,0:00:20.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4\N00:00:17,379 --> 00:00:20,969\Ne me especializei em Teoria das Cordas
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.06,0:00:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5\N00:00:24,062 --> 00:00:26,872\NSou fьsico e algumas pessoas me perguntam:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.87,0:00:31.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6\N00:00:26,872 --> 00:00:31,973\NO que a fьsica fez por mim nos Щltimos tempos? Quer dizer, vai melhorar minha TV a cores?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.97,0:00:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,7\N00:00:31,973 --> 00:00:34,684\NConsigo melhor conexсo de internet com a fьsica?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.68,0:00:36.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,8\N00:00:34,684 --> 00:00:36,894\NE a resposta ж sim.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.89,0:00:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,9\N00:00:36,894 --> 00:00:41,165\NVeja, a fьsica constitui um dos alicerces para a matжria e energia.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.16,0:00:45.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10\N00:00:41,165 --> 00:00:45,886\NOs fьsicos inventaram o raio laser, o transistor
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.89,0:00:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,11\N00:00:45,886 --> 00:00:50,631\NAjudamos a criar o primeiro computador, a construir a internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.63,0:00:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,12\N00:00:50,631 --> 00:00:53,251\NCriamos a rede mundial de computadores.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.25,0:00:59.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,13\N00:00:53,251 --> 00:00:59,899\NAlжm disso, ajudamos na invenусo da TV, do rрdio, do radar, e do microondas,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.90,0:01:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,14\N00:00:59,899 --> 00:01:03,987\Ncomo tambжm da ressonРncia magnжtica, tomзgrafos, raio-x.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.99,0:01:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,15\N00:01:03,987 --> 00:01:08,163\NEm outras palavras, quase tudo que pode ser visto em sua sala
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.16,0:01:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,16\N00:01:08,163 --> 00:01:15,331\Ntudo que hр em um hospital moderno, de uma certa forma, tem origem na fьsica.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.33,0:01:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,17\N00:01:15,331 --> 00:01:19,139\NInteressei-me pela fьsica quando era crianуa
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.14,0:01:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,18\N00:01:19,139 --> 00:01:22,122\NQuando tinha 8 anos, um grande cientista acabara de falecer
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.12,0:01:26.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,19\N00:01:22,122 --> 00:01:26,574\NAidna me lembro de meu professor do primрrio entrar na sala e anunciar que
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.57,0:01:30.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20\N00:01:26,574 --> 00:01:30,998\No maior cientista de nossa era tinha falecido
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.100,0:01:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,21\N00:01:30,998 --> 00:01:37,087\NE naquele dia, todo os jornais publicaram uma foto de sua mesa
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.09,0:01:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,22\N00:01:37,087 --> 00:01:40,540\Na mesa de Albert Einstein.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.54,0:01:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,23\N00:01:40,540 --> 00:01:42,599\NE no tьtulo dizia - nunca me esquecerei
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.60,0:01:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,24\N00:01:42,599 --> 00:01:49,133\N"O manuscrito inacabado do extraordinрrio trabalho do maior cientista de nosso tempo."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.13,0:01:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,25\N00:01:49,133 --> 00:01:54,679\NE eu me perguntava: "Por que ele nсo terminou? O que hр de tсo difьcil?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.68,0:02:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,26\N00:01:54,679 --> 00:02:00,080\N╔ uma tarefa de escola, nсo ж? Por que nсo pedir ajuda para a mсe? Por que nсo pode resolver o problema?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.08,0:02:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,27\N00:02:00,080 --> 00:02:04,442\NEntсo com oito anos de idade, decidi descobrir que problema era aquele
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.44,0:02:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,28\N00:02:04,442 --> 00:02:12,052\NAnos depois, percebi que se tratava de uma teoria sobre tudo: Teoria do Campo Unificado.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.05,0:02:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,29\N00:02:12,052 --> 00:02:18,546\NUma equaусo que resumiria todas as forуas fьsicas que hр no universo.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.55,0:02:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30\N00:02:18,546 --> 00:02:24,553\NUma equaусo como e = mc^2. Esta equaусo tem meia polegada,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.55,0:02:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,31\N00:02:24,553 --> 00:02:28,307\Ne revela o segredo das estrelas.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.31,0:02:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,32\N00:02:28,307 --> 00:02:32,113\NPor que as estrelas brilham? Por que a galрxia ж iluminada?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.11,0:02:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,33\N00:02:32,113 --> 00:02:34,275\NPor que temos energia no planeta Terra?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.28,0:02:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,34\N00:02:34,275 --> 00:02:38,743\NMas aconteceu outra coisa comigo quando tinha cerca de oito anos.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.74,0:02:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,35\N00:02:38,743 --> 00:02:45,375\NFiquei viciado nos programas de TV exibidos aos sрbados pela manhс. Mais precisamente, em Flash Gordon.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.38,0:02:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,36\N00:02:45,375 --> 00:02:52,233\NEu estava vidrado. Toda manhс de sрbado assistia filmes de aliens vindo do espaуo:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.23,0:02:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,37\N00:02:52,233 --> 00:02:59,799\NNaves espaciais, armas a laser, escudos invisiveis, cidades ao cжu - era tudo que eu queria.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.80,0:03:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,38\N00:02:59,799 --> 00:03:03,088\NMas apзs alguns anos, comecei a reparar.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.09,0:03:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,39\N00:03:03,088 --> 00:03:06,805\NEm primeiro lugar, notei que eu nсo tinha cabelos loiros e olhos azuis,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.80,0:03:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,40\N00:03:06,805 --> 00:03:13,196\NNсo tinha mЩsculos como os de Flash Gordon, mas um cientista fazia o seriado funcionar.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.20,0:03:16.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,41\N00:03:13,196 --> 00:03:16,589\NEm especial, um fьsico.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.59,0:03:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,42\N00:03:16,589 --> 00:03:19,975\NEra ele que tinha descoberto a arma a laser, as espaуonaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.98,0:03:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,43\N00:03:19,975 --> 00:03:23,437\NEra ele que tinha criado o escudo invisьvel.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.44,0:03:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,44\N00:03:23,437 --> 00:03:27,572\NE percebi algo mais: para compreender o futuro
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.57,0:03:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,45\N00:03:27,572 --> 00:03:30,904\Nж preciso entender a fьsica.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.90,0:03:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,46\N00:03:30,904 --> 00:03:35,804\NA fьsica estр presente nos alicerces de tudo, parafernalia, na magia,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.80,0:03:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,47\N00:03:35,804 --> 00:03:40,925\Ntodas as maravilhas da era tecnologica, todas remontam
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.92,0:03:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,48\N00:03:40,925 --> 00:03:45,561\Nao trabalho de um fьsico.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.56,0:03:48.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,49\N00:03:45,561 --> 00:03:48,864\NA maior parte da ficусo cientьfica estр, de fato, intimamente ligada as leis da fьsica,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.86,0:03:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50\N00:03:48,864 --> 00:03:52,076\Ntalvez possьvel daqui hр cem anos.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.08,0:03:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,51\N00:03:52,076 --> 00:03:57,250\NExistem algumas impossibilidades que levarсo mil anos ou mais.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.25,0:04:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,52\N00:03:57,250 --> 00:04:02,498\Nque incluem viagem no tempo, dobra espacial, grandes dimensшes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.50,0:04:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,53\N00:04:02,498 --> 00:04:07,070\NPortais que cruzam o espaуo e tempo, stargates, buracos de verme.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.07,0:04:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,54\N00:04:07,070 --> 00:04:11,650\NSe tivжssemos que encontrar nossos bisavзs no comeуo do sжculo XX
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.65,0:04:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,55\N00:04:11,650 --> 00:04:14,423\Nverьamos sitiantes daquela жpoca.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.42,0:04:17.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,56\N00:04:14,423 --> 00:04:17,919\NEm mжdia, eles nсo viviam mais que 40 anos.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.92,0:04:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,57\N00:04:17,919 --> 00:04:22,681\NA comunicaусo de longa distРncia no comeуo do sжc.XX era berrar para seu vizinho,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.68,0:04:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,58\N00:04:22,681 --> 00:04:25,468\Ne contudo, se eles lhes vissem agora
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.47,0:04:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,59\N00:04:25,468 --> 00:04:30,841\Ncom iPads, iPods, GPS e raios lasers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.84,0:04:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,60\N00:04:30,841 --> 00:04:32,858\NQue achariam de vocЖs?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.86,0:04:36.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,61\N00:04:32,858 --> 00:04:36,730\NPossivelmente lhes veriam como um mago ou feiticeiro.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.73,0:04:41.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,62\N00:04:36,730 --> 00:04:41,648\NEntretanto, se pudжssemos encontrar nossos netos em 2100,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.65,0:04:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,63\N00:04:41,648 --> 00:04:44,733\NQual seria nossa opiniсo sobre eles?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.73,0:04:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,64\N00:04:44,733 --> 00:04:50,171\NEles seriam deuses como na mitologia grega.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.17,0:04:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,65\N00:04:50,171 --> 00:04:54,078\NZeus podia controlar objetos ao seu redor com o pensamento
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.08,0:04:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,66\N00:04:54,078 --> 00:04:58,077\Nmaterializar objetos com o poder da mente
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.08,0:05:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,67\N00:04:58,077 --> 00:05:00,003\Ne existem benefьcios em ser um deus grego
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.00,0:05:03.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,68\N00:05:00,003 --> 00:05:03,307\NVenus tinha um corpo perfeito, inatingьvel pelo tempo
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.31,0:05:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,69\N00:05:03,307 --> 00:05:10,606\Ncomeуamos a desvendar a genжtica do processo de envelhecimento a nьvel molecular
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.61,0:05:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,70\N00:05:10,606 --> 00:05:14,798\NE havia o deus Apolo, que tinha uma charrete que podia percorrer os cжus
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.80,0:05:21.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,71\N00:05:14,798 --> 00:05:21,278\NFinalmente atж o ano 2100, teremos um carro que voa, que sempre desejamos em nossa garagem
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.28,0:05:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,72\N00:05:21,278 --> 00:05:24,386\NTeremos os poderes dos deuses
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.39,0:05:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,73\N00:05:24,386 --> 00:05:26,129\NParafraseando Arthur C. Clarke,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.13,0:05:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,74\N00:05:26,129 --> 00:05:26,129\NQualquer tecnologia suficientemente avanуada nсo ж discernivel da divindade
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.13,0:05:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,75\N00:05:26,129 --> 00:05:26,130\N[Music]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.30,0:05:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,76\N00:05:33,305 --> 00:05:37,782\NVamos comeуar nossa estзria
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.74,0:05:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,77\N00:05:38,736 --> 00:05:43,653\NA histзria da fьsica na civilizaусo moderna
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.65,0:05:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,78\N00:05:43,653 --> 00:05:46,917\NAntes de Isaac Newton e Galileu
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.92,0:05:51.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,79\N00:05:46,917 --> 00:05:51,427\NEstamos abrigados pelos mistжrios da superstiусo
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.43,0:05:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80\N00:05:51,427 --> 00:05:57,105\NAs pessoas acreditavam em toda espжcie de espьritos e demЗnios.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.10,0:05:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,81\N00:05:57,105 --> 00:05:59,938\NO que faziam os planetas moverem?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.94,0:06:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,82\N00:05:59,938 --> 00:06:04,497\NPor que as coisas se interagem? Era um mistжrio.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.50,0:06:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,83\N00:06:04,497 --> 00:06:06,971\NDe volta a Idade Mжdia, por exemplo,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.97,0:06:11.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,84\N00:06:06,971 --> 00:06:11,307\Nas pessoas liam os trabalhos de Aristзteles, e Aristзteles formulou uma pergunta
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.31,0:06:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,85\N00:06:11,307 --> 00:06:13,957\N"Por que os objetos se movem em direусo a terra?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.96,0:06:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,86\N00:06:13,957 --> 00:06:20,176\NEle dizia "Os objetos tem vontade - vontade de se unirem a terra."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.18,0:06:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,87\N00:06:20,176 --> 00:06:23,442\NE por que os objetos diminuem a velocidade quando colocados em movimento?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.44,0:06:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,88\N00:06:23,442 --> 00:06:28,106\N"Objetos em movimento diminuem a velocidade porque se cansam."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.11,0:06:40.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,89\N00:06:28,106 --> 00:06:40,264\NEsses sсo os trabalhos de Aristзteles, que permaneceram com grande influencia por quase 2,000 anos atж o comeуo da era moderna com Galileu e Isaac Newton.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.26,0:06:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,90\N00:06:40,264 --> 00:06:42,248\N[Musica]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.80,0:06:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,91\N00:06:42,805 --> 00:06:48,228\NQuando os povos antigos olhavam para o cжu, estava repleto de mistжrio e admiraусo.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.23,0:06:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,92\N00:06:48,228 --> 00:06:54,248\NE em 1066, a data mais importante do calendario britРnico,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.25,0:07:00.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,93\N00:06:54,248 --> 00:07:00,306\Nhouve um cometa que navegaria sobre o campo de batalha de Hastings
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.31,0:07:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,94\N00:07:00,306 --> 00:07:05,401\NAssustou as tropas do Rei Harold, e um jovem da Normandia
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.40,0:07:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,95\N00:07:05,401 --> 00:07:11,289\Ninvadiu a Inglaterra e derrotou o Rei Harold na Batalha de Hastings,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.29,0:07:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,96\N00:07:11,289 --> 00:07:15,336\Ncriando a moderna monarquia BritРnica
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.34,0:07:18.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,97\N00:07:15,336 --> 00:07:18,833\NBut the question is, where did the comet come from?\NMas a pergunta ж de onde surgiu esse cometa?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.83,0:07:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,98\N00:07:18,833 --> 00:07:25,230\NQue cometa era aquele que misteriosamente pavimentou o caminho para a chegada da monarquia BritРnica?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.23,0:07:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,99\N00:07:25,230 --> 00:07:31,030\NAcreditem ou nсo, este mesmo cometa
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.03,0:07:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100\N00:07:31,030 --> 00:07:33,596\Nque iniciou a monarquia BritРnica
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.60,0:07:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,101\N00:07:33,596 --> 00:07:37,917\Npassou por Londres mais uma vez em 1682.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.87,0:07:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,102\N00:07:38,871 --> 00:07:44,515\NDesta vez, tudo mundo fazia a mesma pergunta: de onde vem os cometas?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.52,0:07:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,103\N00:07:44,515 --> 00:07:47,660\NEles indicam a morte do rei?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.66,0:07:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,104\N00:07:47,660 --> 00:07:51,917\NPor que temos mensageiros do paraьso no cжu?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.92,0:07:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,105\N00:07:51,917 --> 00:07:56,150\NBem, um homem ousou descobrir o segredo dos cometas,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.15,0:07:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,106\N00:07:56,150 --> 00:07:58,196\Nfoi Isaac Newton.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.20,0:08:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,107\N00:07:58,196 --> 00:08:05,511\NNa verdade, quando Newton tinha 23 anos, ele descobriu por acaso a forуa da gravidade.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.51,0:08:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,108\N00:08:05,511 --> 00:08:13,782\NDe acordo com a histзria, ele estava andando em sua propriedade em Wilsthorpe e viu uma maуa cair.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.78,0:08:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,109\N00:08:13,782 --> 00:08:15,638\NE Isaac Newton olhou para a lua.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.64,0:08:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,110\N00:08:15,638 --> 00:08:20,306\NE ele fez a pergunta chave que auxiliou a desvendar o segredo do firmamento
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.31,0:08:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,111\N00:08:20,306 --> 00:08:27,436\NSe uma maус cai, poderia a lua tambem cair?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.44,0:08:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,112\N00:08:27,436 --> 00:08:30,674\NE a resposta ж sim.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.67,0:08:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,113\N00:08:30,674 --> 00:08:37,848\NE aquela resposta destruiu milhares de anos de mistжrio e especulaусo sobre o movimento dos cжus
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.85,0:08:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,114\N00:08:37,848 --> 00:08:44,097\NA lua estр em queda livre tal como a maус
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.10,0:08:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,115\N00:08:44,097 --> 00:08:48,176\NA lua estр em queda constante em direусo a terra.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.18,0:08:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,116\N00:08:48,176 --> 00:08:52,005\NNсo atinge a Terra porque ela gira ao redor do planeta, que ж redondo
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.00,0:08:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,117\N00:08:52,005 --> 00:08:57,218\NEla se move de acordo com uma forуa - a forуa da gravidade.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.91,0:09:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,118\N00:08:58,912 --> 00:09:01,702\NEntсo Newton logo tentou desenvolver os modelos matemрticos
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.70,0:09:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,119\N00:09:01,702 --> 00:09:07,842\NE ele percebeu que a matemрtica da жpoca nсo era suficiente para descrever o movimento
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.84,0:09:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,120\N00:09:07,842 --> 00:09:10,302\Nde uma lua em queda.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.30,0:09:12.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,121\N00:09:10,302 --> 00:09:12,509\NO que Isaac Newton fez?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.51,0:09:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,122\N00:09:12,509 --> 00:09:17,564\NAos 23 anos, ele nсo somente se deparou com a forуa da gravidade,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.56,0:09:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,123\N00:09:17,564 --> 00:09:20,861\Ncomo tambжm criou o Cрlculo.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.86,0:09:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,124\N00:09:20,861 --> 00:09:27,158\NNa verdade, ele criou o Cрlculo na velocidade com que se aprende quando se ж calouro na faculdade.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.16,0:09:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,125\N00:09:27,158 --> 00:09:29,522\NE por que ele criou o Cрlculo?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.52,0:09:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,126\N00:09:29,522 --> 00:09:33,964\NPara calcular o movimento de uma lua em queda.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.96,0:09:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,127\N00:09:33,964 --> 00:09:37,358\NCom a matemрtica da жpoca era impossьvel calcular
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.36,0:09:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,128\N00:09:37,358 --> 00:09:40,952\Nas trajetзrias dos objetos que se movem sob um campo de forуa quadrрtico invertido
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.95,0:09:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,129\N00:09:40,952 --> 00:09:46,541\NE foi isso que Isaac Newton fez. Ele estudou o movimento da lua,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.54,0:09:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,130\N00:09:46,541 --> 00:09:49,970\Ne percebeu que ao compreender a lua,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.97,0:09:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,131\N00:09:49,970 --> 00:09:56,556\Ntambжm entenderia o movimento dos planetas no sistema solar.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.57,0:10:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,132\N00:09:57,571 --> 00:10:00,513\NE Isaac Newton inventou um novo telescзpio.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.51,0:10:05.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,133\N00:10:00,513 --> 00:10:05,690\NEra um telescзpio refletor, que lhe permitiu rastrear o movimento do cometa
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.60,0:10:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,134\N00:10:06,597 --> 00:10:12,833\NAcontece que tudo mundo falava sobre o cometa, incluindo um inglЖs bastante rico chamado Edmund Halley.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.16,0:10:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,135\N00:10:15,156 --> 00:10:20,867\NEdmund Halley, era um comerciante rico, que decidiu fazer uma viagem a Cambridge
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.87,0:10:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,136\N00:10:20,867 --> 00:10:26,109\Npara conversar com o cientista inglЖs mais renomado: Sir Isaac Newton
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.11,0:10:30.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,137\N00:10:26,109 --> 00:10:30,633\NBem, Edmund Halley perguntou: quais sсo suas impressшes sobre este cometa?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.63,0:10:34.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,138\N00:10:30,633 --> 00:10:34,067\N"Ninguжm entende de cometas, eles sсo um mistжrio"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.07,0:10:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,139\N00:10:34,067 --> 00:10:39,167\N"Fascinam as pessoas hр sжculos, milЖnios - o que pensa disso?"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.17,0:10:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,140\N00:10:39,167 --> 00:10:42,649\NNewton deve ter dito algo como, que vou parafrasear
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.65,0:10:52.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,141\N00:10:42,649 --> 00:10:52,886\N"Isso ж fрcil. Este cometa se move em uma trajetзria elьptica perfeita. Ele segue um campo cuja forуa ж inversamente proporcional ao quadrado"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.89,0:10:59.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,142\N00:10:52,886 --> 00:10:59,223\N"Consigo rastreр-lo todo dia com meu telescзpio refletor e o trajeto daquele cometa
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.22,0:11:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,143\N00:10:59,223 --> 00:11:03,425\Nsegue meu modelo matemрtico de forma exata"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.42,0:11:07.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,144\N00:11:03,425 --> 00:11:07,446\N╔ claro que nсo sabemos qual foi a reaусo de Edmund Halley
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.45,0:11:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,145\N00:11:07,446 --> 00:11:16,191\NEle deve ter dito algo como: "Pelo amor de Deus, homem, por que nсo publica o trabalho mais importante
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.19,0:11:19.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,146\N00:11:16,191 --> 00:11:19,351\Nna histзria da ciЖncia?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.35,0:11:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,147\N00:11:19,351 --> 00:11:25,702\NSe estiver correto, vocЖ decodificou o segredo das estrelas, o segredo dos cжus
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.70,0:11:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,148\N00:11:25,702 --> 00:11:28,696\NNinguжm entende de onde vЖm os cometas"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.70,0:11:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,149\N00:11:28,696 --> 00:11:35,879\NE Newton respondeu: "Bem. ╔ muito caro. Nсo sou um homem rico"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.88,0:11:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,150\N00:11:35,879 --> 00:11:42,268\N"Sairia muito caro resumir todo o cрlculo que inventei e descrever todo o movimento das estrelas"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.27,0:11:47.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,151\N00:11:42,268 --> 00:11:47,864\NE Halley deve ter dito: Sr. Newton, eu sou um homem rico.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.86,0:11:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,152\N00:11:47,864 --> 00:11:58,218\N"Fiz minha fortuna no comжrcio. Pagarei pela publicaусo do maior trabalho cientьfico em qualquer lьngua"
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.22,0:12:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,153\N00:11:58,218 --> 00:12:05,482\NE foi publicado "Principia", contendo os princьpios matemрticos que guiam o universo
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.89,0:12:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,154\N00:12:06,889 --> 00:12:10,738\NAcredite ou nсo, talvez seja um dos trabalhos mais importantes
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.74,0:12:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,155\N00:12:10,738 --> 00:12:18,519\Njр escrito por alguжm desde que evoluьmos da Africa hр 100 mil anos
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.52,0:12:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,156\N00:12:18,519 --> 00:12:24,826\NPercebe que esse livro pшe em funcionamento a fьsica do universo
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.83,0:12:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,157\N00:12:24,826 --> 00:12:32,743\NAs forуas que controlam o movimento dos planetas, que podem ser calculadas, e que definem
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.74,0:12:41.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,158\N00:12:32,743 --> 00:12:41,813\No movimento das balas, foguetes, pedras - tudo que se move de acordo com as Leis do Movimento
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.81,0:12:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,159\N00:12:41,813 --> 00:12:45,317\Ne do Cрlculo de Sir Isaac Newton.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.32,0:12:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,160\N00:12:45,317 --> 00:12:50,823\NDe fato, mesmo hoje quando lanуamos nossos sondas espaciais, nсo usamos as equaушes de Einstein
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.82,0:12:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,161\N00:12:50,823 --> 00:12:54,910\NElas se aplicam apenas quando se atinge a velocidade da luz ou prзximo de um buraco negro.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.91,0:12:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,162\N00:12:54,910 --> 00:12:57,331\NUsamos a Lei da Gravidade de Newton.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.33,0:13:02.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,163\N00:12:57,331 --> 00:13:02,455\NSсo tсo precisas que quando lanуamos uma sonda para alжm dos anжis de Saturno,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.46,0:13:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,164\N00:13:02,455 --> 00:13:09,465\Nutilizamos as mesmas equaушes que Newton desenvolveu no sec. XVII
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.46,0:13:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,165\N00:13:09,465 --> 00:13:13,223\NPor este motivo fomos capazes de desvendar os segredos do sistema solar
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.22,0:13:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,166\N00:13:13,223 --> 00:13:17,665\NUma cortesia da Lei de movimento de Isaac Newton.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.66,0:13:24.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,167\N00:13:17,665 --> 00:13:24,501\NNewston nсo apenas colocou em funcionamento a habilidade de calcular os planetas
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.50,0:13:27.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,168\N00:13:24,501 --> 00:13:27,973\Ncomo tambжm pЗs em prрtica a mecРnica
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.97,0:13:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,169\N00:13:27,973 --> 00:13:33,687\NAs mрquinas de hoje operam sobre leis bem definidas
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.69,0:13:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,170\N00:13:33,687 --> 00:13:42,596\NNewton formulou trЖs leis de movimento: a primeira lei determina que os objetos tendem a permanecer em movimento para sempre
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.60,0:13:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,171\N00:13:42,596 --> 00:13:45,073\Na menos que uma forуa externa atue sobre eles.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.07,0:13:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,172\N00:13:45,073 --> 00:13:47,095\NPode-ser observar em um rink de patinaусo
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.10,0:13:53.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,173\N00:13:47,095 --> 00:13:53,649\NAo arremessar um disco no gelo ele continua em movimento a menos que uma forуa externa interfira
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.65,0:13:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,174\N00:13:53,649 --> 00:13:56,840\N╔ diferente da Lei de Movimento de Aristзteles
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.84,0:14:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,175\N00:13:56,840 --> 00:14:03,315\NAristзteles dizia: objetos em movimento param porque se cansam
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.32,0:14:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,176\N00:14:03,315 --> 00:14:08,064\NA segunda Lei de Movimento diz que Forуa ж o produto da massa pela aceleraусo
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.06,0:14:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,177\N00:14:08,064 --> 00:14:13,553\NE essa equaусo tornou possьvel a Revoluусo Industrial.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.55,0:14:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,178\N00:14:13,553 --> 00:14:20,272\NMotores a vapor, locomotivas, fрbricas, mрquinas. Tudo isso possьvel graуas a mecРnica
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.27,0:14:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,179\N00:14:20,272 --> 00:14:27,225\Nposta em prрtica pela segunda Lei do Movimento de Newton: forуa ж igual a massa x aceleraуao
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.22,0:14:32.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,180\N00:14:27,225 --> 00:14:32,890\NE Newton fez a terceira Lei do Movimento: para cada aусo hр uma reaусo de mesma intensidade em sentido oposto
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.89,0:14:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,181\N00:14:32,890 --> 00:14:35,351\NEssa ж a lei da propulsсo de foguetes
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.35,0:14:38.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,182\N00:14:35,351 --> 00:14:38,078\NPor isso foi possьvel lanуar foguetes pelo espaуo
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.08,0:14:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,183\N00:14:38,078 --> 00:14:45,668\NA liусo aprendida aqui ж que os cientistas elucidaram a primeira forуa do universo, gravidade
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.67,0:14:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,184\N00:14:45,668 --> 00:14:53,866\Nque pЗs em funcionamento a revoluусo industrial - que derrubou reis e rainhas na Europa
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.87,0:14:58.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,185\N00:14:53,866 --> 00:14:58,452\Nque deslocou o Feudalismo, prenunciando a era moderna
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.45,0:15:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,186\N00:14:58,452 --> 00:15:07,930\NTudo devido a um jovem de 23 anos que olhou para cima e perguntou: a lua tambжm cai?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.12,0:15:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,187\N00:15:09,115 --> 00:15:13,531\NQuando eu era crianуa e vivia na California costumava ver fotos do Empire States
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.53,0:15:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,188\N00:15:13,531 --> 00:15:20,520\NE me perguntava: como podem construir um prжdio tсo alto sem saber que pode cair?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.52,0:15:24.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,189\N00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:24,739\NE por que nсo cai? Nсo fizeram modelos em escala desse negзcio
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.74,0:15:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,190\N00:15:24,739 --> 00:15:28,741\NNсo havia como testar se um edifьcio tсo alto como o Empires States poderia cair
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.74,0:15:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,191\N00:15:28,741 --> 00:15:33,956\NComo eles sabiam de antemсo que um prжdio nсo iria cair?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.96,0:15:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,192\N00:15:33,956 --> 00:15:37,376\NE a resposta ж a Lei do Movimento de Newton
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.38,0:15:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,193\N00:15:37,376 --> 00:15:41,624\NHoje eu ensino a Lei de Movimento de Newton e ж possьvel calcular
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.62,0:15:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,194\N00:15:41,624 --> 00:15:46,889\Nas forуas em cada tijolo existente no Empire State
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.89,0:15:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,195\N00:15:46,889 --> 00:15:52,301\Nusando a segunda lei de movimento: forуa ж massa x aceleraусo
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.30,0:15:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,196\N00:15:52,301 --> 00:15:57,252\NQuando Newton desvendou a forуa da gravidade, esta era a primeira forуa
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.74,0:16:00.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,197\N00:15:57,745 --> 00:16:00,185\NVamos examinar a segunda forуa
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.18,0:16:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,198\N00:16:00,185 --> 00:16:03,653\NUma superior que interfere em nossas vidas
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.65,0:16:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,199\N00:16:03,653 --> 00:16:07,245\NA forуa eletromagnжtica
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.12,0:16:15.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,200\N00:16:08,122 --> 00:16:15,927\NDesde os tempos em que os humanos observam as lРmpadas no alto, ou se amedrontam pelo som do trovсo
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.93,0:16:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,201\N00:16:15,927 --> 00:16:23,834\Neles se perguntam: Serр que os deuses lanуam raios ou trovшes? Estсo zangados conosco?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.83,0:16:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,202\N00:16:23,834 --> 00:16:31,428\NOs cientistas perceberam que os relРmpagos e os trovшes podem ser duplicados na Terra
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.43,0:16:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,203\N00:16:31,428 --> 00:16:35,892\Nque podemos criar pequenos raios usando a eletricidade
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.89,0:16:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,204\N00:16:35,892 --> 00:16:44,736\NMas nсo foi atж o sжc. XIX que comeуamos finalmente a revelar a segunda forуa que rege o universo
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.74,0:16:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,205\N00:16:44,736 --> 00:16:46,887\Na forуa eletromagnжtica
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.89,0:16:53.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,206\N00:16:46,887 --> 00:16:53,207\NMichael Faraday deu palestras em Londres que fascinavam a todos, de adultos a crianуas
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.21,0:16:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,207\N00:16:53,207 --> 00:16:58,577\Ne ele demonstrou a incriveis propriedades da eletricidade
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.58,0:17:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,208\N00:16:58,577 --> 00:17:04,323\NAlguns faziam uma simples questсo: se estivermos em um carro ou aviсo e somos atingidos por um raio
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.32,0:17:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,209\N00:17:04,323 --> 00:17:07,550\Npor que nсo ficamos eletrocutados e morremos?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.55,0:17:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,210\N00:17:07,550 --> 00:17:09,856\NFaraday respondeu a pergunta
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.86,0:17:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,211\N00:17:09,856 --> 00:17:12,261\NEle criou uma gaiola
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.26,0:17:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,212\N00:17:12,261 --> 00:17:18,689\NEle andava dentro de sua gaiola de aуo, eletrifida, e nсo se eletrocutava
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.69,0:17:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,213\N00:17:18,689 --> 00:17:26,975\NFoi batizada de Gaiola de Faraday e toda vez que alguжm entra em uma estrutura de metal fica protegido pelo objeto
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.98,0:17:32.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,214\N00:17:26,975 --> 00:17:32,450\NO que Michael Faraday fez foi ajudar a desvendar a segunda grande revoluусo
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.45,0:17:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,215\N00:17:32,450 --> 00:17:36,128\Ncom o que denominamos Lei de Faraday
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.71,0:17:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,216\N00:17:36,713 --> 00:17:44,796\NUm fio em movimento dentro de um campo magnжtico tem seus eletrons deslocados, criando uma currente elжtrica
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.64,0:17:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,217\N00:17:45,641 --> 00:17:54,885\NEsta simples idжia, desencadeou a revoluусo na eletricidade, por este motivo temos geradores hidrelжtricos
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.88,0:18:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,218\N00:17:54,885 --> 00:18:00,031\Nbarragens que podem produzir uma quantidade enorme de energia, por esta razсo que sсo construьdas usinas nucleares
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.03,0:18:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,219\N00:18:00,031 --> 00:18:04,143\Nж por isso que temos eletricidade nessa sala agora
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.14,0:18:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,220\N00:18:04,143 --> 00:18:07,016\Nem uma escala pequena, vocЖ usa em sua bicicleta
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.02,0:18:12.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,221\N00:18:07,016 --> 00:18:12,291\NAo colocar uma lРmpada em sua bicicleta, o giro da roda rotaciona um imс
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.29,0:18:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,222\N00:18:12,291 --> 00:18:19,660\NEste imс empurra os elжtrons em um fio e por isso que a eletricidade acende a lРmpada de sua bicicleta
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.66,0:18:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,223\N00:18:19,660 --> 00:18:25,696\NEm outras palavras, eletricidade e magnetismo foram unidos em uma forуa Щnica
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.13,0:18:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,224\N00:18:26,128 --> 00:18:29,063\NUma vez pensamos que a eletricidade e o magnetismo fossem separados
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.06,0:18:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,225\N00:18:29,063 --> 00:18:33,828\NAgora sabemos que se trata da mesma forуa
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.81,0:18:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,226\N00:18:34,813 --> 00:18:39,916\Nse um meio magnжtico pode gerar um campo elжtrico,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.92,0:18:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,227\N00:18:39,916 --> 00:18:45,088\Nisso significa que um campo elжtrico em movimento pode criar um campo magnжtico
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.09,0:18:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,228\N00:18:45,088 --> 00:18:52,585\NE se um pode gerar o outro, por que nсo oscilar e criar uma onda?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.58,0:18:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,229\N00:18:52,585 --> 00:18:59,341\Nde tal forma que campos elжtricos gerariam campos magnжticos que criariam campos elжtricos infinitamente
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.34,0:19:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,230\N00:18:59,341 --> 00:19:00,954\Npara criar uma onda?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.95,0:19:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,231\N00:19:00,954 --> 00:19:06,458\NBem, por volta da guerra civil americana, um fьsico matemрtico, James Clerk Mawell
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.46,0:19:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,232\N00:19:06,458 --> 00:19:11,897\Ncalculou a velocidade dessa onda com os modelos de Faraday
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.90,0:19:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,233\N00:19:11,897 --> 00:19:18,900\NEm uma dos grandes avanуos de todo tempo, James Clerk Maxwell calculou a velocidade dessa onda
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.90,0:19:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,234\N00:19:18,900 --> 00:19:23,695\Ne descobriu que era igual a da luz
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.02,0:19:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,235\N00:19:24,019 --> 00:19:28,350\NE ele fez essa incrьvel descoberta
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.35,0:19:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,236\N00:19:28,350 --> 00:19:31,870\NIsso ж luz
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.59,0:19:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,237\N00:19:32,594 --> 00:19:35,896\NIsso ж o que a luz representa
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.90,0:19:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,238\N00:19:35,896 --> 00:19:41,856\NNсo viaja por acaso a velocidade da eletricidade, ж a prзpria luz
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.86,0:19:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,239\N00:19:41,856 --> 00:19:45,447\NE as fзrmulas foram escritas por James Clerk Maxwell
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.45,0:19:49.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,240\N00:19:45,447 --> 00:19:49,274\NInfelizmente, o prзprio Michael Faraday nсo teve uma educaусo formal
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.27,0:19:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,241\N00:19:49,274 --> 00:19:52,876\NEle nсo pode descrever em modelos matemрticos seu prзprio trabalho
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.88,0:19:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,242\N00:19:52,876 --> 00:19:56,963\NJames Clerk Maxwell era um fьsico teзrico, assim como eu
Dialogue: 0,0:19:56.96,0:20:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,243\N00:19:56,963 --> 00:20:02,685\NEle descreveu a matemрtica dos campos elжtricos oscilantes e campos magnжticos
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.68,0:20:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,244\N00:20:02,685 --> 00:20:06,174\Nsсo chamadas de equaушes de Maxwell
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.17,0:20:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,245\N00:20:06,174 --> 00:20:11,172\NEssas fзrmulas tem que ser decoradas por todo fьsico na pзs-graduaусo
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.17,0:20:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,246\N00:20:11,172 --> 00:20:15,660\NNinguжm consegue um doutorado sem memorizar essas fзrmulas
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.66,0:20:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,247\N00:20:15,660 --> 00:20:19,957\NTodo engenheiro que lida com radio e radar tem que decorar essas fзrmulas
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.96,0:20:24.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,248\N00:20:19,957 --> 00:20:24,992\NSe vocЖs forem a Berkeley onde eu obtive meu doutorado, pode-se comprar uma camiseta com dizeres
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.99,0:20:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,249\N00:20:24,992 --> 00:20:35,642\NNo comeуo Deus disse que a divergЖncia de quatro dimensшes de um campo tensorial anti-simжtrico de segunda ordem = 0, e houve a luz
Dialogue: 0,0:20:35.64,0:20:41.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,250\N00:20:35,642 --> 00:20:41,719\NSenhores e senhores, essa ж a equaусo da luz
Dialogue: 0,0:20:43.83,0:20:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,251\N00:20:43,827 --> 00:20:48,516\NAs consequЖncias da revoluусo eletromagnжtica influenciaram todos
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.52,0:20:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,252\N00:20:48,516 --> 00:20:50,812\NEssa ж uma foto da Terra tirada do espaуo
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.81,0:20:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,253\N00:20:50,812 --> 00:20:52,024\NOlhem para essa foto!
Dialogue: 0,0:20:52.02,0:20:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,254\N00:20:52,024 --> 00:20:59,563\NA Europa estр iluminada. Pode-se ver os produtos de nossos esforуos para criar eletricidade
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.56,0:21:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,255\N00:20:59,563 --> 00:21:05,720\Npara energizar nossas vidas em uma foto - ver a Terra do espaуo
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.72,0:21:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,256\N00:21:05,720 --> 00:21:11,926\NVamos falar sobre como o trabalho de Faraday e Maxwell influenciam nossas vidas tambжm
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.93,0:21:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,257\N00:21:11,926 --> 00:21:17,164\NEssa ж a internet. Ela ж um subproduto do campo eletromagnжtico
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.16,0:21:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,258\N00:21:17,164 --> 00:21:20,975\NPode-se ver que onde hр internet, hр prosperidade
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.98,0:21:25.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,259\N00:21:20,975 --> 00:21:25,490\NExiste ciЖncia, entretenimento e atividade econЗmica
Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.49,0:21:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,260\N00:21:25,490 --> 00:21:29,428\NOnde nсo hр internet, temos a pobreza
Dialogue: 0,0:21:29.43,0:21:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,261\N00:21:29,428 --> 00:21:34,961\NNo futuro, a internet serр miniaturizada e colocada em nossos зculos
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.96,0:21:41.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,262\N00:21:34,961 --> 00:21:41,780\NSeus зculos reconhecerсo os rostos das pessoas e exibirсo suas biografias ao lado da imagem enquanto conversam
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.78,0:21:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,263\N00:21:41,780 --> 00:21:47,378\NE entсo eles falarсo chinЖs consigo, e seus зculos traduzirсo para o inglЖs
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.38,0:21:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,264\N00:21:47,378 --> 00:21:51,569\Ne exibirсo as legendas embaixo da imagem
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.57,0:21:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,265\N00:21:51,569 --> 00:21:57,225\NNo futuro, vocЖ saberр com quem estarр falando mesmo sem falar com eles
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.22,0:22:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,266\N00:21:57,225 --> 00:22:03,658\NIsso significa que em um coquetel, se estiver procurando emprego e nсo souber a quem se dirigir
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.66,0:22:07.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,267\N00:22:03,658 --> 00:22:07,987\NNo futuro, vocЖ saberр em quem deve grudar
Dialogue: 0,0:22:07.99,0:22:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,268\N00:22:07,987 --> 00:22:14,906\NNo futuro, os chips custarсo apenas um centavo porque pode-se produzir transistor cada vez menores
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.91,0:22:19.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,269\N00:22:14,906 --> 00:22:19,227\NVocЖ terр forуa eletromagnжtica dentro de seu corpo
Dialogue: 0,0:22:19.23,0:22:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,270\N00:22:19,227 --> 00:22:22,450\NIsto ж uma pьlula. Tem um chip em seu interior
Dialogue: 0,0:22:22.45,0:22:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,271\N00:22:22,450 --> 00:22:24,912\NO chip ж menor que uma aspirina
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.91,0:22:27.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,272\N00:22:24,912 --> 00:22:27,867\NTem tambжm uma cРmera e um imс
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.87,0:22:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,273\N00:22:27,867 --> 00:22:34,725\NAo engulir, o imс direciona a cРmera, tira fotos de seu estЗmago, intestinos
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.72,0:22:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,274\N00:22:34,725 --> 00:22:38,937\Nporque todos sabemos o temor de todo homem de meia-idade: conoscopia
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.94,0:22:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,275\N00:22:38,937 --> 00:22:44,877\NIsto dр outro significado a expressсo "Intel inside"
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.14,0:22:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,276\N00:22:46,139 --> 00:22:51,253\NVamos falar sobre as grandes forуas que regem o universo
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.25,0:22:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,277\N00:22:51,253 --> 00:22:55,355\NFalamos sobre a gravidade, que nos permite calcular o movimento dos planetas
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.68,0:23:00.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,278\N00:22:55,679 --> 00:23:00,863\NA mecРnica criada por Newton proporcionou a Revoluусo Industrial
Dialogue: 0,0:23:00.86,0:23:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,279\N00:23:00,863 --> 00:23:07,150\NFaraday descreveu a forуa eletromagnжtica, que nos deu as maravilhas da eletricidade
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.15,0:23:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,280\N00:23:07,150 --> 00:23:13,156\NVamos discutir agora a era nuclear, as estrelas e o sol
Dialogue: 0,0:23:13.97,0:23:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,281\N00:23:13,972 --> 00:23:16,938\NAs pessoas se fascinam pelo sol
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.94,0:23:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,282\N00:23:16,938 --> 00:23:22,315\NApollo era o Deus que percorria os cжus eu sua charrete flamejante
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.32,0:23:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,283\N00:23:22,315 --> 00:23:28,060\Nquando se calcula por quanto tempo o carvсo e o petroleo queimarсo como o sol
Dialogue: 0,0:23:28.06,0:23:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,284\N00:23:28,060 --> 00:23:32,618\Npercebe-se que em algumas centenas de anos, o sol queimarр ???to a crisp
Dialogue: 0,0:23:32.62,0:23:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,285\N00:23:32,618 --> 00:23:36,329\No que poderia durar por bilhшes de anos
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.33,0:23:38.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,286\N00:23:36,329 --> 00:23:38,969\NDeve haver uma nova forуa
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.97,0:23:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,287\N00:23:38,969 --> 00:23:40,867\Numa forуa nuclear
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.88,0:23:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,288\N00:23:41,882 --> 00:23:47,379\NEinstein e outros ajudaram a desvendar o segredo das estrelas
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.38,0:23:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,289\N00:23:47,379 --> 00:23:51,437\NA forуa nuclear vem em duas formas: forte e fraca
Dialogue: 0,0:23:51.44,0:23:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,290\N00:23:51,437 --> 00:23:55,364\NA forуa fraca rege a decomposiусo da radioatividade
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.36,0:24:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,291\N00:23:55,364 --> 00:24:00,448\NA forуa nuclear forte ж uma das mais poderosas em todo o universo
Dialogue: 0,0:24:00.45,0:24:07.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,292\N00:24:00,448 --> 00:24:07,024\N╔ tсo forte que mantжm os prзtons juntos desde o surgimento do mundo
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.02,0:24:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,293\N00:24:07,024 --> 00:24:13,450\NA fзrmula que permite a liberaусo da energia ж a famosa equaусo de Einstein
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.45,0:24:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,294\N00:24:13,450 --> 00:24:16,461\NE=mc^2
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.46,0:24:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,295\N00:24:16,461 --> 00:24:21,874\NO que Einstein mostrou ж que quando mais rрpido nos movemos mais pesados ficamos
Dialogue: 0,0:24:21.87,0:24:24.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,296\N00:24:21,874 --> 00:24:24,756\NSua massa nсo ж uma constante
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.76,0:24:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,297\N00:24:24,756 --> 00:24:29,884\NQuando se move muito rрpido, mais pesado fica - algo que mensuramos todos os dias no laboratзrio
Dialogue: 0,0:24:29.88,0:24:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,298\N00:24:29,884 --> 00:24:39,162\NIsso significa que a energia do movimento transformada em massa - porque vc fica mais pesado
Dialogue: 0,0:24:39.16,0:24:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,299\N00:24:39,162 --> 00:24:45,345\NOuуa com atenусo. Quanto mais rрpido se move, mais pesado ficamos
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.34,0:24:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,300\N00:24:45,345 --> 00:24:53,141\Nque significa que a energia cinжtica E se converte em massa M, e a relaусo
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.14,0:24:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,301\N00:24:53,141 --> 00:24:57,415\Nentre E e M ж muito simples - leva apenas um segundo para escrever no papel
Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.42,0:25:02.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,302\N00:24:57,415 --> 00:25:02,701\N╔ exatamente e= mc^2
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.70,0:25:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,303\N00:25:02,701 --> 00:25:09,455\NA forуa do nЩcleo ajudou a explicar o segredo do sol, mas tambжm criou uma caixa de Pandora
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.46,0:25:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,304\N00:25:09,455 --> 00:25:15,386\Nporque dentro do nucleo do рtomo existem partьculas
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.39,0:25:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,305\N00:25:15,386 --> 00:25:17,948\NE ao esmagar essas partьculas, o que conseguimos?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:17.95,0:25:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,306\N00:25:17,948 --> 00:25:20,934\NMais partьculas. E ao esmagр-las, o que temos?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.93,0:25:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,307\N00:25:20,934 --> 00:25:29,762\NMais partьculas. Na verdade, ficamos banhados de partьculas subatoЗmicas, centenas, milhares
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.76,0:25:31.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,308\N00:25:29,762 --> 00:25:31,870\Ntodas vez que esmagamos рtomos
Dialogue: 0,0:25:31.87,0:25:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,309\N00:25:31,870 --> 00:25:37,277\NNзs esmagamos рtomos usando esmagadores chamados acelerador de partьculas
Dialogue: 0,0:25:37.28,0:25:41.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,310\N00:25:37,277 --> 00:25:41,109\NEu construi meu prзprio acelerador quando estava no colegial
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.11,0:25:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,311\N00:25:41,109 --> 00:25:46,426\NNo colegial perguntei a minha mсe: "Mсe, posso construir
Dialogue: 0,0:25:46.43,0:25:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,312\N00:25:46,426 --> 00:25:51,578\Num acelerador na garagem de 2,3 MM de eletrovolts?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:51.58,0:25:57.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,313\N00:25:51,578 --> 00:25:57,993\NEla respondeu: Claro que sim. E nсo se esqueуa de jogar fora o lixo
Dialogue: 0,0:25:57.99,0:26:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,314\N00:25:57,993 --> 00:26:03,795\NFui para a Westinghouse e pedi 200kg de aуo
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.80,0:26:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,315\N00:26:03,795 --> 00:26:07,562\NE pedi 22 milhas de fio de cobre porque queria criar
Dialogue: 0,0:26:07.56,0:26:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,316\N00:26:07,562 --> 00:26:11,870\Num campo magnжtico de 10k gauss e 6 kW para energizar meu esmagador de partьculas
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.87,0:26:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,317\N00:26:11,870 --> 00:26:15,076\NCom 22 milhas de fios, como pude enrolar?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:15.08,0:26:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,318\N00:26:15,076 --> 00:26:17,359\NFizemos no campo de futebol da escola
Dialogue: 0,0:26:17.36,0:26:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,319\N00:26:17,359 --> 00:26:23,977\NEu coloquei 22 milhas de fio no poste do goal, dei para minha mсe, e ela correu atж a linha de 50 jardas
Dialogue: 0,0:26:23.98,0:26:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,320\N00:26:23,977 --> 00:26:26,577\Ndesfazendo o carreter de fio
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.58,0:26:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,321\N00:26:26,577 --> 00:26:29,339\NEla entregou para meu pai, que correu para o outro poste
Dialogue: 0,0:26:29.34,0:26:33.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,322\N00:26:29,339 --> 00:26:33,824\Ne enrolamos 22 milhas de fios de cobre no campo de futebol
Dialogue: 0,0:26:33.82,0:26:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,323\N00:26:33,824 --> 00:26:37,103\NNo final, meu esmagador de partьculas estava pronto
Dialogue: 0,0:26:37.10,0:26:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,324\N00:26:37,103 --> 00:26:42,678\NConsumiu 6kW de potЖncia - isto ж cada watt de energia que minha casa poderia consumir
Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.68,0:26:52.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,325\N00:26:42,678 --> 00:26:52,379\NTapei meus ouvidos, fechei os olhos, liguei a energia e ouvi esse estampido enorme
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.38,0:26:56.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,326\N00:26:52,379 --> 00:26:56,451\Nassim que 6kW de energia oscilava no meu capacitor
Dialogue: 0,0:26:56.45,0:27:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,327\N00:26:56,451 --> 00:27:02,264\NE entсo ouvi uns estouros uma vez que explodi todos os interruptores da casa
Dialogue: 0,0:27:03.51,0:27:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,328\N00:27:03,510 --> 00:27:06,589\NA casa inteira ficou as escuras
Dialogue: 0,0:27:06.59,0:27:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,329\N00:27:06,589 --> 00:27:12,698\NPobre de minha mсe. Todas vez que voltava para casa, ela via as luzes piscarem e apagarem
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.70,0:27:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,330\N00:27:12,698 --> 00:27:20,223\NE ela se perguntava: "por que nсo tenho um filho que joga baseball ou basquete?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:20.22,0:27:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,331\N00:27:20,223 --> 00:27:22,934\NPor que ele nсo encontra uma namorada japonesa?"
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.93,0:27:27.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,332\N00:27:22,934 --> 00:27:27,873\NPor que tem de construir essas mрquinas na garagem?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:27.87,0:27:36.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,333\N00:27:27,873 --> 00:27:36,893\NBem. Essas mрquinas que construi chamaram a atenусo de um fьsico, Edward Teller, pai da bomba de hidrogЖnio
Dialogue: 0,0:27:36.89,0:27:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,334\N00:27:36,893 --> 00:27:42,303\NEle conseguiu uma bolsa de estudos em Harvard, e minha carreira ?got a head start
Dialogue: 0,0:27:42.30,0:27:45.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,335\N00:27:42,303 --> 00:27:45,253\NEle sabia muito bem o que eu fazia
Dialogue: 0,0:27:45.25,0:27:48.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,336\N00:27:45,253 --> 00:27:48,748\NNсo precisei lhe explicar que estava testando anti-matжria
Dialogue: 0,0:27:48.75,0:27:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,337\N00:27:48,748 --> 00:27:55,517\NEstava criando anti-eletrons na garagem de minha mсe e usando esmagadores de рtomo para criar anti-matжria
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.52,0:28:01.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,338\N00:27:55,517 --> 00:28:01,490\NAntimatжria ж o oposto de matжria. Tem carga oposta
Dialogue: 0,0:28:01.49,0:28:03.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,339\N00:28:01,490 --> 00:28:03,926\NUm elжtron tem carga negativa
Dialogue: 0,0:28:03.93,0:28:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,340\N00:28:03,926 --> 00:28:07,314\NO positron ou anti-elжtron tem carga positiva
Dialogue: 0,0:28:07.31,0:28:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,341\N00:28:07,314 --> 00:28:11,877\NIsso significa que se pode criar anti-molжculas e anti-рtomos
Dialogue: 0,0:28:11.88,0:28:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,342\N00:28:11,877 --> 00:28:18,404\NO anti-hidrogЖnio foi feito na CERN no arredores de Genebra, Suiуa e tambжm no Fermilab prзximo de Chicago
Dialogue: 0,0:28:18.40,0:28:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,343\N00:28:18,404 --> 00:28:23,649\Nonde eles circularam anti-elжtrons em volta de anti-prзtons
Dialogue: 0,0:28:23.65,0:28:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,344\N00:28:23,649 --> 00:28:28,961\NE no Laborрtorio de Brookhaven em Long Island, recentemente foi detectado o anti-hжlio
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.96,0:28:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,345\N00:28:28,961 --> 00:28:35,789\NTemos dois anti-prзtons com dois anti-neutrons para criar anti-hжlio
Dialogue: 0,0:28:35.79,0:28:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,346\N00:28:35,789 --> 00:28:40,961\NPara cada pedaуo de matжria, hр uma contraparte que ж feita de anti-matжria
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.96,0:28:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,347\N00:28:40,961 --> 00:28:46,896\NQuando ambos colidem, a propзsito, liberar a maior quantidade de energia no universo
Dialogue: 0,0:28:47.87,0:28:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,348\N00:28:47,866 --> 00:28:54,594\N╔ conversсo integral de matжria em energia conforme equaусo de Einstein: e=mc^2
Dialogue: 0,0:28:58.10,0:29:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,349\N00:28:58,102 --> 00:29:04,486\NDentro do nЩcleo do рtomo, temos partьculas feito de partьculas quando elas sсo destruьdas
Dialogue: 0,0:29:04.49,0:29:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,350\N00:29:04,486 --> 00:29:09,027\NNos anos 50, estрvamos nadando em partьculas subatЗmicas
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.03,0:29:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,351\N00:29:09,027 --> 00:29:15,190\NNa verdade, J.Robert Oppenheimer o pai da bomba atЗmica uma vez declarou que
Dialogue: 0,0:29:15.19,0:29:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,352\N00:29:15,190 --> 00:29:25,183\No Premio Nobel de fьsica deveria ir para o fьsico que nсo descobrisse uma nova partьcula
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.18,0:29:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,353\N00:29:25,183 --> 00:29:27,810\N╔ assim que muitas partьculas foram descobertas
Dialogue: 0,0:29:27.81,0:29:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,354\N00:29:27,810 --> 00:29:31,564\NVamos falar sobre a particula ?zoo
Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.56,0:29:38.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,355\N00:29:31,564 --> 00:29:38,912\NNesse exato momento, os fьsicos tЖm desvendado centenas, milhares de partьculas subatЗmicas
Dialogue: 0,0:29:38.91,0:29:42.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,356\N00:29:38,912 --> 00:29:42,386\Ne foram capazes de juntр-las como se fosse um quebra-cabeуa
Dialogue: 0,0:29:42.39,0:29:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,357\N00:29:42,386 --> 00:29:44,402\N╔ o que se chama Modelo Padrсo
Dialogue: 0,0:29:44.40,0:29:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,358\N00:29:44,402 --> 00:29:52,857\NTem 36 quarks, 19 parРmetros livres, 3 geraушes de quarks, sem lзgica
Dialogue: 0,0:29:52.86,0:30:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,359\N00:29:52,857 --> 00:30:01,072\Nmas ж a coisa mais prзxima da realidade que nзs fьsicos conseguimos construir
Dialogue: 0,0:30:01.07,0:30:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,360\N00:30:01,072 --> 00:30:08,038\NBilhшes de dзlares, 20 Nobels foram concedidos para a criaусo do Modelo Padrсo
Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.04,0:30:13.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,361\N00:30:08,038 --> 00:30:13,585\Ne ж a teoria mais horrenda conhecida pela ciЖncia, mas funciona
Dialogue: 0,0:30:13.58,0:30:18.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,362\N00:30:13,585 --> 00:30:18,491\NFalta-lhe um pedaусo, que ж o famoso Boson de Higgs
Dialogue: 0,0:30:18.49,0:30:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,363\N00:30:18,491 --> 00:30:23,890\NEspera-se encontrр-lo. Queremos criar uma versсo melhor desta teoria
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.89,0:30:28.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,364\N00:30:23,890 --> 00:30:28,393\NE achamos que ж a Teoria das Cordas
Dialogue: 0,0:30:29.33,0:30:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,365\N00:30:29,332 --> 00:30:35,274\NA Teoria das Cordas se baseia na simples idжia que todas as quatro forуas do universo
Dialogue: 0,0:30:35.27,0:30:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,366\N00:30:35,274 --> 00:30:43,290\NGravidade, campo eletromagnжtico, e as forуas nucleares - possam ser consideradas como mЩsica
Dialogue: 0,0:30:44.06,0:30:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,367\N00:30:44,060 --> 00:30:47,024\NMЩsica produzida por minЩsculos anжis de borracha
Dialogue: 0,0:30:47.02,0:30:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,368\N00:30:47,024 --> 00:30:53,004\NSe eu tivesse um supermicroscзpio e pudesse olhar para o centro de um elжtron, o que veria?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.00,0:30:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,369\N00:30:53,004 --> 00:30:57,503\NVeria um anel de borracha vibrando, que se tocado vira um neutrino
Dialogue: 0,0:30:57.50,0:30:59.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,370\N00:30:57,503 --> 00:30:59,510\NE se tocado de novo, torna-se um quark
Dialogue: 0,0:30:59.51,0:31:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,371\N00:30:59,510 --> 00:31:02,357\NToco de novo e se torna uma partьcula de Yang-Mills
Dialogue: 0,0:31:02.36,0:31:07.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,372\N00:31:02,357 --> 00:31:07,566\NNa verdade, se vibrar-lo por diversas vezes obteria milhares de partьculas subatЗmicas
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.57,0:31:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,373\N00:31:07,566 --> 00:31:11,924\Nque foram catalogadas pacientemente pelos fьsicos
Dialogue: 0,0:31:13.92,0:31:18.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,374\N00:31:13,923 --> 00:31:18,107\NA Teoria das Cordas ж uma teoria de tudo
Dialogue: 0,0:31:18.11,0:31:25.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,375\N00:31:18,107 --> 00:31:25,491\NA Teoria das Cordas, por sua vez, pode ser resumida em uma equaусo de uma polegada
Dialogue: 0,0:31:25.49,0:31:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,376\N00:31:25,491 --> 00:31:29,664\NChama-se Teoria dos Campos de Cordas e como podemos testр-la?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:29.66,0:31:38.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,377\N00:31:29,664 --> 00:31:38,420\NEstamos construindo o maior equipamento que a ciЖncia jр construiu na histзria da humanidade
Dialogue: 0,0:31:38.42,0:31:41.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,378\N00:31:38,420 --> 00:31:41,111\Nao redor de Genebra, Suiуa
Dialogue: 0,0:31:41.11,0:31:45.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,379\N00:31:41,111 --> 00:31:45,589\N╔ o Grande Colisor de Hadrons
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.59,0:31:50.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,380\N00:31:45,589 --> 00:31:50,350\NAssim, achamos que o Boson de Higgs pode ser criado pelo Grande Colisor de Hadrons
Dialogue: 0,0:31:50.35,0:31:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,381\N00:31:50,350 --> 00:31:55,956\NUm grande tЩnel de 17 milhas de circunferЖncia com dois raios de prзtons circulando em direуos opostas
Dialogue: 0,0:31:55.96,0:32:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,382\N00:31:55,956 --> 00:32:02,914\Nque se chocam, criando uma nuvem de partьculas e entre elas
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.91,0:32:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,383\N00:32:02,914 --> 00:32:05,659\Nesperamos encontrar o Boson de Higgs, mas nсo apenas isso
Dialogue: 0,0:32:05.66,0:32:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,384\N00:32:05,659 --> 00:32:09,286\NEsperamos econtrar partьculas alжm do Boson de Higgs
Dialogue: 0,0:32:09.29,0:32:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,385\N00:32:09,286 --> 00:32:13,285\NO prзximo conjunto de partьculas alжm do Boson de Higgs sсo as sparticles
Dialogue: 0,0:32:13.28,0:32:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,386\N00:32:13,285 --> 00:32:17,661\NA prзxima etapa desse quebra-cabeуa sсo os sparticles, super partьculas
Dialogue: 0,0:32:17.66,0:32:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,387\N00:32:17,661 --> 00:32:23,176\Nque nсo passam de grandes vibraушes, notes musicas mais altas de uma corda que vibra
Dialogue: 0,0:32:23.18,0:32:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,388\N00:32:23,176 --> 00:32:25,077\NO que mais poderьamos fazer?
Dialogue: 0,0:32:25.08,0:32:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,389\N00:32:25,077 --> 00:32:28,140\NPodemos desevendar os segredos do Big Bang
Dialogue: 0,0:32:28.14,0:32:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,390\N00:32:28,140 --> 00:32:35,489\NAs fзrmulas de Einstein falham no momento do big bang e no centro de um buraco negro
Dialogue: 0,0:32:35.49,0:32:44.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,391\N00:32:35,489 --> 00:32:44,347\NOs dois lugares mais interessantes do universos estсo alжm o alcance das fзrmulas de Einstein
Dialogue: 0,0:32:44.35,0:32:47.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,392\N00:32:44,347 --> 00:32:47,692\NPrecisamos de uma teoria mais elaborada e ж aqui que a Teoria das Cordas aparece
Dialogue: 0,0:32:47.69,0:32:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,393\N00:32:47,692 --> 00:32:53,675\NA Teoria das Cordas nos leva antes do big bang, antes do surgimento do universo
Dialogue: 0,0:32:53.68,0:32:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,394\N00:32:53,675 --> 00:32:55,935\NE o que a Teoria das Cordas defende
Dialogue: 0,0:32:55.94,0:33:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,395\N00:32:55,935 --> 00:33:00,931\NQue existe uma plenitude de universos
Dialogue: 0,0:33:02.15,0:33:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,396\N00:33:02,146 --> 00:33:04,512\NDe onde vem o big bang?
Dialogue: 0,0:33:04.51,0:33:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,397\N00:33:04,512 --> 00:33:12,652\NAs fзrmulas de Einstein nos dр um quadro atraente em que somos parecidos com insetos em uma bolha de sabсo
Dialogue: 0,0:33:12.65,0:33:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,398\N00:33:12,652 --> 00:33:20,277\Numa bolha gigante que se expande, e que ficamos presos como moscas em uma armadilha da qual nсo podemos escapar
Dialogue: 0,0:33:20.28,0:33:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,399\N00:33:20,277 --> 00:33:22,518\NIsso se chama Teoria do Big Bang
Dialogue: 0,0:33:23.44,0:33:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,400\N00:33:23,442 --> 00:33:28,375\NA Teoria das cordas diz que deve haver outras bolhas lр fora
Dialogue: 0,0:33:28.38,0:33:32.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,401\N00:33:28,375 --> 00:33:32,609\NEm um meta-universo de bolhas em que dois universos se colidem
Dialogue: 0,0:33:32.61,0:33:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,402\N00:33:32,609 --> 00:33:36,176\Ne podem formar outro universo
Dialogue: 0,0:33:36.18,0:33:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,403\N00:33:36,176 --> 00:33:43,770\NQuando um universo se divide em dois, pode criar dois universos e isso pensamos que seja o big bang
Dialogue: 0,0:33:43.77,0:33:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,404\N00:33:43,770 --> 00:33:51,559\NO big bang ж causado ou pela colisсo ou divisсo de universos
Dialogue: 0,0:33:53.56,0:34:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,405\N00:33:53,559 --> 00:34:00,315\NSe houver outras dimensшes, se houver outros universos, podemos ir de um para o outro?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:00.32,0:34:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,406\N00:34:00,315 --> 00:34:02,493\NBem, ж claro que isso ж muito difьcil
Dialogue: 0,0:34:02.49,0:34:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,407\N00:34:02,493 --> 00:34:07,843\NContudo, Alice no paьs das Maravilhas nos deu essa possibilidade
Dialogue: 0,0:34:07.84,0:34:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,408\N00:34:07,843 --> 00:34:12,580\Ntalvez um dia, possamos criar uma fenda entre universos.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:13.84,0:34:16.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,409\N00:34:13,841 --> 00:34:16,379\NIsso ж um buraco de verme.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:16.38,0:34:21.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,410\N00:34:16,379 --> 00:34:21,033\NPense que tenha pegado uma folha de papel e desenhado dois pontos
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.03,0:34:24.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,411\N00:34:21,033 --> 00:34:24,971\NA menor distРncia entre eles ж uma linha reta
Dialogue: 0,0:34:24.97,0:34:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,412\N00:34:24,971 --> 00:34:32,649\NMas se dobrarmos a folha, entсo talvez tenhamos criado um atalho
Dialogue: 0,0:34:32.65,0:34:36.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,413\N00:34:32,649 --> 00:34:36,942\Num atalho no espaуo/tempo ж chamado de buraco de verme
Dialogue: 0,0:34:36.94,0:34:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,414\N00:34:36,942 --> 00:34:40,100\N╔ uma soluусo genuьna para a fзrmula de Einstein
Dialogue: 0,0:34:40.10,0:34:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,415\N00:34:40,100 --> 00:34:42,527\NPodemos observar isso na Teoria de cordas
Dialogue: 0,0:34:42.53,0:34:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,416\N00:34:42,527 --> 00:34:47,578\NA questсo ж saber quсo prрtico ж passar por essas coisas?
Dialogue: 0,0:34:47.58,0:34:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,417\N00:34:47,578 --> 00:34:51,451\NNсo sabemos. Na verdade, hр um debate entre os fьsicos hoje
Dialogue: 0,0:34:51.45,0:34:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,418\N00:34:51,451 --> 00:34:54,497\NSteven Hawking. Muitos fьsicos estсo se juntando ao jogo
Dialogue: 0,0:34:54.50,0:35:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,419\N00:34:54,497 --> 00:35:01,751\Ne tentando verificar se ж fisicamente possьvel viajar por toda a extensсo de um buraco de verme
Dialogue: 0,0:35:04.09,0:35:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,420\N00:35:04,087 --> 00:35:09,030\NSe puder, entсo ж possьvel usр-la como uma mрquina do tempo
Dialogue: 0,0:35:09.03,0:35:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,421\N00:35:09,030 --> 00:35:14,014\NUma vez que a Teoria de Cordas ж uma teoria sobre tudo, tambжm serр uma teoria do tempo
Dialogue: 0,0:35:14.01,0:35:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,422\N00:35:14,014 --> 00:35:17,506\Ne as mрquinas do tempo sсo compatьveis com as fзrmulas de Einstein
Dialogue: 0,0:35:17.51,0:35:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,423\N00:35:17,506 --> 00:35:22,415\NMas construir uma ж muito difьcil
Dialogue: 0,0:35:22.42,0:35:27.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,424\N00:35:22,415 --> 00:35:27,745\N╔ preciso muito mais energia do que aquele carro "De volta para o futuro" com plutonio
Dialogue: 0,0:35:31.80,0:35:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,425\N00:35:31,803 --> 00:35:36,171\NAlguns trilhшes de anos, o universo vai ficar muito frio
Dialogue: 0,0:35:36.17,0:35:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,426\N00:35:36,171 --> 00:35:38,942\NAcho que o universo vai passar por um grande resfriamento
Dialogue: 0,0:35:38.94,0:35:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,427\N00:35:38,942 --> 00:35:43,190\NTodas as estrelas se apagarсo. Vсo parar de piscar
Dialogue: 0,0:35:43.19,0:35:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,428\N00:35:43,190 --> 00:35:47,294\NO universo serр tсo grande e frio
Dialogue: 0,0:35:47.29,0:35:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,429\N00:35:47,294 --> 00:35:53,125\NNaquela altura, toda vida inteligente no universo morrerр
Dialogue: 0,0:35:53.12,0:35:59.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,430\N00:35:53,125 --> 00:35:59,171\NAs leis da fьsica sсo uma garantia de cessar toda vida inteligente
Dialogue: 0,0:35:59.17,0:36:02.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,431\N00:35:59,171 --> 00:36:02,829\NSomente hр um jeito de escapar da morte do universo
Dialogue: 0,0:36:02.83,0:36:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,432\N00:36:02,829 --> 00:36:06,695\NE ж deixar o universo
Dialogue: 0,0:36:06.70,0:36:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,433\N00:36:06,695 --> 00:36:11,902\NBem, vocЖ estр entrando no reino da ficусo cientьfica, mas pelo menos temos equaушes
Dialogue: 0,0:36:11.90,0:36:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,434\N00:36:11,902 --> 00:36:18,871\Na equaусo da Teoria das Cordas, que nos permite calcular se ж possьvel atravessar um buraco de verme
Dialogue: 0,0:36:18.87,0:36:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,435\N00:36:18,871 --> 00:36:24,554\Npara ir a outro universo mais quente, e talvez comeуar tudo de novo
Dialogue: 0,0:36:28.31,0:36:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,436\N00:36:28,311 --> 00:36:33,916\NSe fossemos resumir a marcha da fьsica nos Щltimos dez mil anos
Dialogue: 0,0:36:33.92,0:36:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,437\N00:36:33,916 --> 00:36:40,424\NSeria a extraусo das leis da natureza em quatro forуas fundamentais:
Dialogue: 0,0:36:40.42,0:36:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,438\N00:36:40,424 --> 00:36:44,533\NGravidade, eletricidade, magnestimo e as duas forуas nucleares
Dialogue: 0,0:36:44.93,0:36:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,439\N00:36:44,933 --> 00:36:47,646\NE a dЩvida ж: haveria uma quinta forуa
Dialogue: 0,0:36:47.65,0:36:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,440\N00:36:47,646 --> 00:36:51,803\Numa forуa alжm das forуas que podemos medir no laboratзrio?
Dialogue: 0,0:36:51.80,0:36:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,441\N00:36:51,803 --> 00:36:57,104\NE acredite ou nсo, hр fьsicos que examinaram cuidadosamente por uma quinta forуa
Dialogue: 0,0:36:57.10,0:37:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,442\N00:36:57,104 --> 00:37:00,068\NAlgumas pessoas pensam que talvez seja um fenЗmeno psьquico
Dialogue: 0,0:37:00.07,0:37:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,443\N00:37:00,068 --> 00:37:06,792\NTalvez seja a telepatia, pode ser algo chamado poder psьquico, poder da mente, consciЖncia
Dialogue: 0,0:37:07.45,0:37:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,444\N00:37:07,453 --> 00:37:13,443\NBem, sou um fьsico. Acreditamos em testar teorias para certificar de que
Dialogue: 0,0:37:13.44,0:37:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,445\N00:37:13,443 --> 00:37:16,492\Nsejam irrefutрveis e replicрveis
Dialogue: 0,0:37:16.82,0:37:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,446\N00:37:16,815 --> 00:37:22,620\N╔ preciso ter certeza de que, quando requisitada, sua teoria funcione permanentemente sem exceусo
Dialogue: 0,0:37:22.62,0:37:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,447\N00:37:22,620 --> 00:37:26,695\Ne se ela falhar em algum momento, estр errada
Dialogue: 0,0:37:26.70,0:37:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,448\N00:37:26,695 --> 00:37:32,335\NEm outras palavras, a teoria de Einstein deve funcionar a cada instante sem exceусo
Dialogue: 0,0:37:32.34,0:37:37.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,449\N00:37:32,335 --> 00:37:37,448\NSe alguma vez, a teoria estiver comprovadamente errada, toda a teoria estarр
Dialogue: 0,0:37:37.45,0:37:41.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,450\N00:37:37,448 --> 00:37:41,215\NAtж agora, podemos reproduzir as quatro teorias da fьsica
Dialogue: 0,0:37:41.22,0:37:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,451\N00:37:41,215 --> 00:37:45,845\Nmas a quinta teoria nсo pode ser replicada - jр examinamos
Dialogue: 0,0:37:45.84,0:37:51.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,452\N00:37:45,845 --> 00:37:51,316\NAlgumas pessoas acham que uma quinta forуa possa ser minЩscula, nсo como o nЩcleo do рtomo
Dialogue: 0,0:37:51.32,0:37:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,453\N00:37:51,316 --> 00:37:53,609\Nmas cerca de alguns pжs
Dialogue: 0,0:37:53.61,0:37:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,454\N00:37:53,609 --> 00:37:55,652\NE nсo encontramos nada
Dialogue: 0,0:37:58.07,0:38:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,455\N00:37:58,068 --> 00:38:02,966\NNos Щltimos dez anos, os fьsicos encontraram uma nova fonte de energia
Dialogue: 0,0:38:02.97,0:38:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,456\N00:38:02,966 --> 00:38:08,033\Nmaior do que a prзpria galрxia - energia escura
Dialogue: 0,0:38:08.03,0:38:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,457\N00:38:08,033 --> 00:38:14,192\NPense que no universo de hoje, 73% ж constituьdo de matжria e energia
Dialogue: 0,0:38:14.19,0:38:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,458\N00:38:14,192 --> 00:38:18,979\N73% estр na forma de energia escura - a energia do nada
Dialogue: 0,0:38:18.98,0:38:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,459\N00:38:18,979 --> 00:38:22,300\N╔ isso o que faz destruir galaxias cada vez mais longe
Dialogue: 0,0:38:22.30,0:38:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,460\N00:38:22,300 --> 00:38:25,943\NEsta ж a energia do prзprio big bang
Dialogue: 0,0:38:25.94,0:38:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,461\N00:38:25,943 --> 00:38:30,342\NAs crianуas perguntam: se o universo explodiu, o que o fez explodir?
Dialogue: 0,0:38:30.34,0:38:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,462\N00:38:30,342 --> 00:38:32,209\NE a resposta ж: energia escura
Dialogue: 0,0:38:32.21,0:38:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,463\N00:38:32,209 --> 00:38:35,943\N73% da energia do universo ж a energia escura
Dialogue: 0,0:38:35.94,0:38:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,464\N00:38:35,943 --> 00:38:40,028\N23% ж matжria escura. A matжria escura ж invisьvel
Dialogue: 0,0:38:40.03,0:38:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,465\N00:38:40,028 --> 00:38:42,728\NSe eu tivesse aqui em minha mсo, eu iria imediatamente atrрs dela
Dialogue: 0,0:38:42.73,0:38:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,466\N00:38:42,728 --> 00:38:47,924\NEla mantжm a galрxia junta - 23% do universo ж feito de matжria escura
Dialogue: 0,0:38:47.92,0:38:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,467\N00:38:47,924 --> 00:38:52,228\NAs estrelas, compostas de hжlio e hidrogЖnio, representam 4% do universo
Dialogue: 0,0:38:52.23,0:39:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,468\N00:38:52,228 --> 00:39:00,923\NE nзs? Somos compostos por oxigЖnio, carbono, nitrogЖnio, tungstЖnio, ferro
Dialogue: 0,0:39:00.92,0:39:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,469\N00:39:00,923 --> 00:39:06,945\NRepresentamos 0,03% do universo
Dialogue: 0,0:39:06.94,0:39:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,470\N00:39:06,945 --> 00:39:09,945\NEm outras palavras, somos a exceусo
Dialogue: 0,0:39:09.94,0:39:16.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,471\N00:39:09,945 --> 00:39:16,013\NO universo ж feito principalmente por energia escura e matжria escura
Dialogue: 0,0:39:16.01,0:39:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,472\N00:39:16,013 --> 00:39:20,224\Nsobrepondo-se as estrelas e galрxias na verdade
Dialogue: 0,0:39:20.22,0:39:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,473\N00:39:20,224 --> 00:39:25,429\NE o que ж a matжria escura, que compшe 23% do universo?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:25.43,0:39:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,474\N00:39:25,429 --> 00:39:31,070\NNinguжm sabe. A Teoria das Coras nos dр uma pista, mas nсo existe resposta definitiva
Dialogue: 0,0:39:33.59,0:39:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,475\N00:39:33,594 --> 00:39:38,789\NEntсo, em outras palavras para vocЖ jovem aspirante a fьsico
Dialogue: 0,0:39:38.79,0:39:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,476\N00:39:38,789 --> 00:39:42,653\NPode estar questionando: Por que iria estudar fьsica?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:42.65,0:39:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,477\N00:39:42,653 --> 00:39:46,222\NVocЖs jр tem um candidado a Teoria dos Campos Unificados, nсo tem?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:46.22,0:39:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,478\N00:39:46,222 --> 00:39:52,465\NPerceba que todo livro de fьsica estр errado
Dialogue: 0,0:39:52.46,0:39:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,479\N00:39:52,465 --> 00:39:57,355\NTodo livro de fьsica neste planeta ensina que o universo ж composto por рtomos, certo?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:57.36,0:40:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,480\N00:39:57,355 --> 00:40:00,158\NEis aqui, o universo ж feito principalmente de рtomos
Dialogue: 0,0:40:00.16,0:40:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,481\N00:40:00,158 --> 00:40:01,575\NEstр errado!
Dialogue: 0,0:40:01.58,0:40:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,482\N00:40:01,575 --> 00:40:07,802\NNos Щltimos dez anos, chegamos ao entendimento de que a maior parte do universo ж escuro
Dialogue: 0,0:40:08.19,0:40:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,483\N00:40:08,187 --> 00:40:12,352\NE hр uma prateleira cheia de PrЖmios Nobel para os jovens
Dialogue: 0,0:40:12.35,0:40:18.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,484\N00:40:12,352 --> 00:40:18,315\Nque descobrirem o segredo da matжria e energia escuras
Dialogue: 0,0:40:20.28,0:40:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,485\N00:40:20,284 --> 00:40:25,875\NAqui vai um conselho ao jovem fьsico, talvez que esteja saindo do colegial
Dialogue: 0,0:40:25.88,0:40:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,486\N00:40:25,875 --> 00:40:31,662\NVocЖ tem ambiушes de ser como Einstein, trabalhar com Teoria das Cordas e coisas parecidas
Dialogue: 0,0:40:31.66,0:40:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,487\N00:40:31,662 --> 00:40:34,192\NE entсo vocЖ se depara com a fьsica ensinada aos calouros
Dialogue: 0,0:40:34.19,0:40:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,488\N00:40:34,192 --> 00:40:35,812\NSerei franco e direto
Dialogue: 0,0:40:35.81,0:40:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,489\N00:40:35,812 --> 00:40:39,921\NNos fьsicos reprovamos a maior parte dos estudantes que estudam fьsica elementar
Dialogue: 0,0:40:39.92,0:40:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,490\N00:40:39,921 --> 00:40:43,584\NE somos de alguma forma apoiados pelo departamento de engenharia
Dialogue: 0,0:40:43.58,0:40:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,491\N00:40:43,584 --> 00:40:47,969\NNсo queremos formar engenheiros que construem pontes que se partem
Dialogue: 0,0:40:47.97,0:40:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,492\N00:40:47,969 --> 00:40:51,715\NArranha-cжus que se colapsam
Dialogue: 0,0:40:51.72,0:40:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,493\N00:40:51,715 --> 00:40:55,803\NHр um fato bрsico - vocЖ tem que aprender a lei da mecРnica
Dialogue: 0,0:40:55.80,0:41:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,494\N00:40:55,803 --> 00:41:02,336\NAntes que possa trabalhar com as leis de Einstein, ж preciso estudar as leis do atrito, alavancas, polias, engrenagens
Dialogue: 0,0:41:02.34,0:41:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,495\N00:41:02,336 --> 00:41:06,203\NComo consequЖncia, temos uma alta taxa de reprovaусo na fьsica elementar
Dialogue: 0,0:41:06.20,0:41:10.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,496\N00:41:06,203 --> 00:41:10,449\NSe vocЖ for um jovem fьsico, que terminou o colegial, e estр com brilho nos olhos
Dialogue: 0,0:41:10.45,0:41:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,497\N00:41:10,449 --> 00:41:15,034\Ne se depara com a fьsica do primeiro ano, cuidado
Dialogue: 0,0:41:15.03,0:41:18.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,498\N00:41:15,034 --> 00:41:18,309\NSe passar por momentos difьceis, ж assim mesmo
Dialogue: 0,0:41:19.26,0:41:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,499\N00:41:19,262 --> 00:41:26,150\NComecei minha carreira como fьsico experimental, entсo fui para Harvard e conversei com meu orientador
Dialogue: 0,0:41:26.15,0:41:29.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,500\N00:41:26,150 --> 00:41:29,146\Num dos mais brilhantes fьsicos experimentais, Prof. Pound
Dialogue: 0,0:41:29.48,0:41:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,501\N00:41:29,485 --> 00:41:32,925\NEle me disse que era hora de parar
Dialogue: 0,0:41:32.92,0:41:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,502\N00:41:32,925 --> 00:41:37,798\NE que minhas habilidades eram mais adequadas ao que eu mais gostava
Dialogue: 0,0:41:37.80,0:41:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,503\N00:41:37,798 --> 00:41:42,372\Nque ж teoria, matemрtica, e o mundo de grandes dimensшes
Dialogue: 0,0:41:42.37,0:41:44.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,504\N00:41:42,372 --> 00:41:44,791\NE percebi que ele estava certo
Dialogue: 0,0:41:44.79,0:41:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,505\N00:41:44,791 --> 00:41:49,744\NO que mais me intriga na fьsica e na ciЖncia
Dialogue: 0,0:41:49.74,0:41:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,506\N00:41:49,744 --> 00:41:58,298\Nж encontrar seus fundamentos bрsicos ao invжs de tentar requentar a teoria ou tornр-la mais atraente
Dialogue: 0,0:41:58.30,0:42:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,507\N00:41:58,298 --> 00:42:03,315\NPor que nсo descobrir o motivo e o que faz as coisas funcionarem? ╔ isso com que trabalho
Dialogue: 0,0:42:03.32,0:42:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,508\N00:42:03,315 --> 00:42:04,882\NSou um fьsico teзrico
Dialogue: 0,0:42:05.14,0:42:06.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,509\N00:42:05,143 --> 00:42:06,999\NMuito obrigado
Dialogue: 0,0:42:06.100,0:42:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,510\N00:42:06,999 --> 00:42:10,244\N[Musica]