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[ Background Music ]

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>> Welcome back.

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We are bringing you some[br]of the most compelling

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"Mysteries of the Mind" tonight.

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And this one strikes[br]during adolescence

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and makes otherwise[br]normal teenagers collapse.

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Not just into a deep sleep, but[br]into a mysterious netherworld,

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a world filled with[br]hallucination, paralysis,

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and strange sensations that[br]strike without warning,

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linger without a cure,[br]and can last a lifetime.

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[ Music ]

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[ Background Music ]

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>> An insatiable need for sleep.

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Sudden episodes of paralysis,[br]vivid hallucinations,

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this is the life[br]of a narcoleptic.

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>> I don't really even[br]remember a whole lot

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of my sophomore year[br]just because I slept

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so much through my classes.

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>> Anthony Raymond was[br]your normal high school kid

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who loved acting and the theater[br]then his life mysteriously

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started to change.

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>> I just started feeling[br]sleepy throughout the day.

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I didn't think much of it.

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I just thought it was[br]some weird puberty thing.

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[ Background Noise ]

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>> Occasional daily naps turned[br]into a constant need for sleep

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that he could never satisfy.

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>> I was sleeping every[br]chance I could get.

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In addition, I started[br]experiencing these other weird

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symptoms like sleep[br]paralysis at night.

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>> And what is it exactly?

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>> I'll be lying down, and all

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of a sudden I can't move[br]any part of my body.

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And usually what will accompany[br]this are these hallucinations,

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which not only do I see[br]things and hear things,

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but I also feel things.

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I can remember one time[br]being completely paralyzed

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and feeling a fox kind[br]of crawl under my back.

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>> Can you scream when you[br]are paralyzed like that?

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>> No. I can't scream.

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>> You can't move[br]your body at all?

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>> But eventually[br]I break out of it

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and I will scream or something.

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[ Inaudible Remark ]

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[ Background Talking ]

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>> And then there's[br]the most difficult

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and potentially dangerous[br]symptom

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of narcolepsy, cataplexy.

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At any given moment[br]Anthony would collapse.

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He would be paralyzed[br]for minutes at a time.

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>> Probably the scariest[br]thing is falling to the ground

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and not being totally sure[br]that you are going to fall

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in a position where[br]you can breathe.

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I could fall in a space where[br]my face might be smothered

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by a cushion or something.

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>> In extreme cases,[br]like this Scottish girl,

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it can happen more than 45[br]times a day, usually brought

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on by emotional excitement like[br]laughing, anger or surprise.

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Experts estimate[br]that at least half

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of narcoleptics have cataplexy.

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For Anthony, these sometimes[br]daily episodes make driving,

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working, and dating[br]nearly impossible.

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>> It starts in the[br]neck and the tongue,

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unable to move those parts.

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And then it goes to the[br]legs and then eventually,

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you can't move anything.

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>> And there's nothing you can[br]do to pull yourself out of it?

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>> Nothing I can do except wait.

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I can try really hard to[br]move and every now and then,

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I'll gain just enough[br]strength that I might be able

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to jerk my arm up or something.

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>> And are you consciously[br]thinking I'm going to ride this

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out for another minute?

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>> Yeah. It's just kinda[br]like that bad dream

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where you can't move[br]and you can't scream.

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>> Anthony's was[br]really a classical case

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when he came to me.

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This is a perfect slide here.

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[ Background Talking ]

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>> Dr. Emmanuel Mignot[br]is Anthony's doctor

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and the director of[br]Center for Narcolepsy

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at Stanford University.

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He says that despite all[br]the sleep Anthony gets,

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he's never well rested.

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>> They are exhausted[br]all the time.

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They take little naps,[br]they feel better.

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But then after one hour or two[br]hours, it just starts again.

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And at night the same thing,[br]just exhausted and they arrive

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in their bed, boom,[br]they sleep and then

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after two hours they wake[br]up unable to fall asleep.

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Basically the cause of[br]narcolepsy is very simple.

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[ Background Talking ]

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[ Background Music ]

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>> Narcoleptics can't[br]produce a brain chemical

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called Hypocretin.

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Normally it helps[br]you stay awake.

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Without it narcoleptics[br]constantly fall it REM

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or dream sleep, but[br]they do not fall

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into the deep restorative[br]stages of sleep so they wake

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up too soon, and wake up tired.

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The mystery, what[br]causes the death

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of these precious brain cells?

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And why does it often[br]happen during adolescence?

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The other mystery,[br]how to restore

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or replace those cells[br]and cure narcolepsy?

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Fortunately, doctors[br]have developed drugs

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to treat the symptoms.

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>> It's kind of gross,[br]but it does the trick.

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>> Every day and every night,[br]Anthony takes a carefully-

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prescribed mix of drugs.

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>> I have got about 20[br]minutes and I'll be asleep.

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>> One drug gets[br]Anthony's brain and body

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into a deep restorative[br]sleep, so he's well rested.

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It also helps reduce cataplexy,[br]but it doesn't work for long.

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Anthony needs a second dose[br]in the middle of the night.

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>> It is 2:11 a.m.[br]and I am awake again.

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>> Anthony also needs a[br]stimulant during the day

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and antidepressants to ease[br]his constant sleepiness

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and cataplexy.

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>> OK, it's now 7:30 in[br]the morning and I just--

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[ Background Talking ]

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>> But even with[br]all those drugs,

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Anthony can only stay[br]awake for about six hours

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at a time during the day

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so he must follow a[br]strict daily nap schedule.

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[ Background Music ]

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>> The first is in mid-morning,

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usually in his first[br]or second class.

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Anthony closes his eyes[br]for 15 to 20 minutes.

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>> If he's sleeping, he's[br]going to miss something

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but I think he more than[br]compensates for that.

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>> He also has to take a nap the[br]minute he gets home from school.

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>> If I postpone[br]a nap long enough,

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I just can't really function.

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>> But no matter what[br]medication he takes,

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or how many naps he has, Anthony[br]still has occasional bouts

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of cataplexy.

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[ Inaudible Remark ]

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[ Background Talking ]

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>> See his bobbing head here?

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This one happened while[br]he was watching a comedy.

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But despite all these[br]challenges,

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Anthony still has big[br]plans for the future.

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He starts college in September[br]and hopes to become a teacher.

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With no cure on the[br]horizon, Anthony is ready

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for a life he knows[br]will be a nonstop,

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24-hour game of beat the clock.

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>> I can live the rest[br]of my life like this.

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Narcolepsy is a problem,[br]but it's not the worst thing

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in the world for me[br]that could happen.

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And I'm still living.

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>> And you know you[br]can handle it.

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>> Yeah.

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>> And Anthony is doing a whole[br]lot more than just handling it.

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He happens to be thriving.

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He is far from alone[br]though when it comes

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to struggling with narcolepsy.

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The disorder effects[br]about 135,000 Americans.

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Now in most cases,[br]symptoms first appear

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between the ages of 10 and 25.

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We're gonna take a short break.

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We'll be right back.