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Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.10,0:00:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Research headed by professor Eske Willerslev from the Center for BioGenetics
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.04,0:00:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the University of Copenhagen, shows that modern humans colonized the world twice.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is in contrast to previous scientific belief that humanity discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.00,0:00:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world outside Africa in one wave of emigration.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.06,0:00:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reseach shows that the aboriginals, Australia's indigenous population,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.02,0:00:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are today's sole descendants of this first wave of emigration.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.07,0:00:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The four fathers of the aboriginals emigrated out aproximately
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.05,0:00:51.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,70,000 year ago, and reached Australia around 50,000 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.03,0:00:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actually quite amazing to imagine the journey that the
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.08,0:00:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ancestors of the aboriginal australians took. I mean,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.10,0:01:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to remember at this time, 70,000 years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.04,0:01:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of Asia was completly unexplored land for anatomical modern humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.08,0:01:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, while our ancestors, the asians and the europeans,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.08,0:01:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were sitting somewhere in Africa or potentially in the Middle East,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.05,0:01:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not daring, you can say, exploring the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.00,0:01:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these guys actually swept across this completely untouched land
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.00,0:01:30.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reaching Australia at least 50,000 years ago and crossing the sea.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.03,0:01:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The study is derived from the DNA of a 100 year old lock of hair like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.05,0:01:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The lock of hair belongs to an aboriginal man
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.07,0:01:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Goldfield region of south Western Australia.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.06,0:01:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The research team, from the University of Copenhagen,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.00,0:01:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has succeded in isolating and mapping the genome from the lock of hair.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.09,0:02:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is possible because the DNA encapsulated in hair is quite well protected
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.04,0:02:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the ravages of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.09,0:02:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the genome analysis has proved that modern humans,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.09,0:02:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,homo sapiens, populated the world in two waves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.09,0:02:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first wave, from about 70,000 years ago, reaches all the way to Australia.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.08,0:02:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second wave, mixes with relatives of the aboriginals in Asia,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.01,0:02:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but never reaches Australia.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.05,0:02:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This really changes the conception of how genetically similar people are outside Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.04,0:02:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It now turns out that they are more diverse
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.00,0:02:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than we thought and, you know, one or two years from now
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.00,0:02:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's very likely I think, that we will see other studies showing that
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.01,0:02:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there might have even been additional migration waves
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.02,0:02:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into Asia and Europe, that is not recognized today.