9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Who taught you to hate the color of your skin? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Who taught you to hate the texture of your hair? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Who taught you to hate the shape of your nose? And the shape of your lips? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Who taught you to hate yourself from the top of your head to the soles of your feet? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Who taught you to hate your own kind? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Who taught you to hate the race you belong to? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So much so that you don't want to be around each other. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Befor you come asking Mr. Muhammed, does he teach hate you should ask yourself who taught you to hate being what god made you. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Most of us blacks, or negroes as they call us really thought we were free. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Without being aware that in our subconscious all those change we thought we had ??? was still there. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And there were many ways where what really motivated us was our desire to be loved by the white man. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Malcolm meant to ??? that sense of inferiority. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He knew it would be painful. He knew that people would kill you because of it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But he dared to take that risk. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He was saying something over and above than of any other leader of that day, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 While the other leaders were begging for entry into the house of their oppressor he was telling you to build your own house. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He expelled fear for african americans. He said: "I'll speak out loud what you've been thinking." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And he said: "You'll see. People will hear and they won't do anything to us necessarily. Okay. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 "But I will not speak it for the masses of people." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But he said it in a very strong fashion. ??? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in a fashion that said: "I am not afraid to say what you've been thinking all these years." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's why we loved him. He said it out loud. Not behind closed doors. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He took on America for us. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And I, for one, as a muslim belief the white man is intelligent enough. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If he were made to realize how black people really feel and how fed up we are without all that compromising sweet-talk. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 ??? you the one that makes it hard for himself. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The white man beliefs you when you go to him with all that sweet talk, because you've been sweet talking 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 ever since he brought you here. Stop sweet talking. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Tell him how you feel. Tell him how what kind of hell you been catching ??? and let him know that if he's not ready 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to clean his house up. He shouldn't have a house. It should catch ??? on fire and burn down. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 On these harlem street corners, for most of the century, black people had celebrated their culture 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and argued the question of race in america. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It was here that Malcolm first joined the street orders who gave voice to harlems hope and its anger. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I fought ???. And that means that I ?? this white man's country, because integration 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 will never happen. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You'll never as long as you live integrate into the white man's system. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 125th Str. and 7th Ave. was the center of activity among the black street artists ??. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When Malcolm arrived, technically he had no corner. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So he established his base you might say in front of ??? bookstore. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When Malcolm would ascend the little platform he couldn't talk for the first four or five minutes. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The people would be making such a ??? shout to him. And he was standing, taking his due. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And then he would open his mouth. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They call Mr. Muhammed a hate teacher. Because he makes you hate dope and alcohol. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They call Mr. Muhammed a black surpremacist, because he teaches you and me not only that 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we are as good as the white man, but better than the white man. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You are better than the white man. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And that's not saying anything. You don't ?? to be equal to him. Who is he to be equal with? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Look as his skin. You can't compare your skin with his skin, while your skin looks like gold beside his skin. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There was a time when we used to drool in the mouth over white people. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We thought that they ??? and that we were ??? We were dumb. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We couldn't see them as they are. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Since the honorable Elijah Muhammed has come and taught us the religion of islam ?? clean us up 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and ?? so we can see for ourselves. Now we can see ?? pale things to look exactly as we look. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Nothing but an old pale thing/face ?? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I came away from that rally feeling that with him, once you heard him speak you never went back 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to where you were before. Even if you kept your position you had to re-think it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We weren't accustomed of being told that we were devils and that we were oppressors up here in our northern ??? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He was speaking for a silent mass of black people. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And saying it out front on the devils own airwaves. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And that was an acto of war. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When he came off the stage I jumped off the ???, walked up to him 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and of course when I got to him the Bodyguards moved in front. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And he just pushed them away and I went in front of him, extended my hand 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and said: "I like some of what you said. I didn't agree with all what you said, but 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I liked some of what you said." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He looked at me, held my hand in a very gentle fasion and said: "One day you will, siter". And he smiled. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 To make his message clear, Malcolm used his own life as a lesson to all black americans. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He preched it in fables and parables. And later in writing his autobiography with Alex Haley, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 he sought some control in how his life would be interpreted in the future. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I would be rather ??? taken by a statement that he made of himself. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He would say: "I am a part of all I admit." And by that he meant that all the things 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 he had done in his earlier life had exposed him to things, that taught him skills of ??? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 ...all of which had synthesized ??? into the Malcolm who became the spokesman for the 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Nation of Islam. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You were born in Omaha, is that right? - Yes sir. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And your family left Omaha when you were about one year old? ??? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I imagine about a year old. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Why did they leave Omaha? - To my understanding the Ku Klux Klan burned down one of their homes in Omaha. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This made your family very unhappy I'm sure. - Well, insecure if not unhappy. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So you must have a somewhat prejudiced POV, a personally prejudiced POV. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You cannot look at this in a broad academic sort of way. - I think this ain't correct. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Because despite the fact that that happened in Ohama and then when we moved to 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Lansing, Michigan our home was burned down again. My father was killed by the Ku Klux Klan. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And despite all of that no one was more thoroughly integrated with whites than I. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 No one had lived more so in the society with whites than I. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We were the only black children in the neighbourhood. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 On the back of our property we had a wooded area. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So the white kids would all come to our house and they'd go back and play in the woods. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So Malcolm would say: "Let's go play Robin Hood." So we would go back there and play 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Robin Hood and Robin Hood was Malcolm. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And these white kids ???. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Malcolm said he was the lightest skinned of the seven children born to Earl and Louis Little. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 A reminder, he said, of the white man who had raped his mothers mother. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In 1929, when Malcolm was 4 years old his father, a carpenter and preacher moved the family 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to Lansing Michigan. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Lansing was a small town and the west side was the side of town the blacks lived on. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Malcolm and his family lived outside of the city. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And they had a four acre parcel with a small house on it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So they were sort of considered as farmers. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Three months after the Littles moved in white neighbours took legal action to evict them. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 A county judge ruled that the farm property was restricted to whites only. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But Earl Little refused to move. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Here in Michigan, Klu Klux Klan Membership was at least 7.000. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Five times more than in Mississippi. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 For Malcolms family white hostility was a fact of life. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Everybody was asleep in our house and all of a sudden we heard a big boom. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And when we woke up fire was everywhere. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And everybody was running into the walls and into each other, you know? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What I recall about that was my mother telling us: "Get up, get up, get up! The house is on fire! Get out!" 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's what I actually recall. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I could hear my mother yelling, I could hear my father yelling. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And so they made sure they got us all rounded up and got us out. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The house burned down to the ground. No fire wagon came. Nothing. We were burned out. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Malcolms father Earl Little accused local whites of setting the fire. The police accuse Earl and 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 arrested him on suspicion on arson. The charges were later dropped. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In the city where we grew up whites would refer to us as "Those uppity Niggers" or 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 "Those smart Niggers who live outside of town." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In those days whenever a white person refered to you as a "Smart Nigger" that was their way 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 of saying a "Nigger you have to watch" because he's not dumb. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 My father was independent. He didn't want anybody to feed him. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He wanted to raise his own food. He didn't want anybody to exercise authority over his children. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He wanted to exercise the authority and he did. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He was always speaking in terms of Marcus Garvey's way of thinking and trying to get black 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 people to organize themselves. Not to cause any trouble but just to work in unity with each other 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 toward improving their conditions. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But in those days if you did that you were still considered a trouble maker. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In the 1920's Marcus Garvey, a black nationalist preached that black americans should build a nation 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 independent of white society. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 With memberships in the hundreds of thousands Garvey's "Universal Negro Improvement 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Association" sought closer ties with african countries. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The UNIA had its own flag, its own National Anthem and and african legioun pledged to 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 defend black people at home and abroad. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The US Bureau of Investigation labeled Garvey one of the prominent Negro agitators. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The federal government deported him in 1927 but Malcolm's parents remained Garvey-ans. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Earl recruited new members, Louise wrote for the Garvey newspaper. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 My mother was the one who would read to us the Garvey paper which was called "The Negro world". 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And she also would talk to us about ourselves being independent ???. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We shouldn't be calling ourselves Negros or Niggers and that we were black people. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That we should be proud to call ourselves black people. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What is your real name? - Maclolm X.[br]Is that your legal name? - As far as I'm 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 concerned it is my legal name. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Would you mind telling me what your fathers last name was= 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 My father didn't know his last name. My father got his last name from his grandfather and his 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 grandfather got it from his grandfather who got it from the slave master. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The real names of our people were destroyed during slavery - Was there any line, any point 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in the genealogy of your family when you did have to use the last name, and if so, what was it? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The last name of my forefathers was taken from them when they were brought to America 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and made slaves and then the name of their slavemaster was given which we refuse. We reject 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that name today... - [br]You mean you won't even tell me what your fathers 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 supposed last name was or gifted last name was? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I never acknowledge it whatsoever. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 September 1931. Malcolm was six years old when his mother had a premonition. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We were all in the house and had dinner, supper together. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And my mother was holding Wesley, who was my youngest brother. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And she ??? nursing him 'cause when she fell asleep nursing, holding the baby ??? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 My father had gotten up and went into the bedroom ??? to clean up and to go down 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and collect money. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And she woke up and she said: "Earl, don't go downtown! If you go you won't come back." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That night around 11 o'clock Earl Little was found in an isolated area outside Lansing. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 His body almost cut in to by the wheels of a streetcar. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The police reported Earl Littles death an accident. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There was a cloud over that whole issue, because at that time there was perceive that rather 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 than an accident with a streetcar that Rev. Little had really been pushed under the wheels of 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the streetcar. As a matter of fact I remember hearing just that language, that he was probably pushed. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 under the wheels of that street car. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 My fathers death caused great, great shock in the family, because he was the power. He was the strenght. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We were an organized and structured family. When we got out of school, me and my brothers 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and sisters we'd come right home and go to work. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In the garden, clean the chicken shed and get ready for the night. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And get up in the morning and all of this. We'd pump the water and bring in the house. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This was ??? dad was alive. Because to not do this brought the consequences of a whipping. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So we were disciplined. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And than after my father got killed and my mothers inability to run as fast as I could run 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 or Malcolm enabled us to get away with a lot of things we wouldn't even have tried get away with. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So we got looser and looser. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Louise Little struggled to raise her seven children through the years of gread depression. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 She was reduced to where shehad no income. She tried get jobs ??? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 She was a proud lady. She had a lot of pride. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 She sold. She ?? people. She did alot of things not to be dependent sorely on welfare. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 She didn't like them telling her but she could ??? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And this is one of the main things that devestated her more than anything else. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 As time whent by you could see she was wearing down. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 For seven years as Malcolm grew into adolescents his mother slowly withdrew from her family. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Two days vefore christmas 1938, Louise Little was diagonosed as paranoid and was sent to 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Kalamazoo State Hospital. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When I came home from school one day and she wasn't there. I can remember feeling empty 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 'cause my mother would never left us. ??? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And I felt the pain of her being gone everyday and it was only gonna be a couple of weeks. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 She was gonna get better and come right back home. And it turned into years. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Louise Little would remain in Kalamazoo for the next 26 years. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The 13 year old Malcolm watched as the court split up his family. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Assigning the younger children to foster homes in Lansing and sending him to a white community 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 ten miles away. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In the past the greatest weapon the white man has had has been his ability to devide and 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 conquer. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When I take my hand and slap you, you don't even feel it. It might sting you because this digits are seperated. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But all I have to do to put you back in your place is bring those digits together. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He was a man who in the eight grade in Michigan, a school where I think he was the only black 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in his class and one of the very few in the school have been an outstanding straight A student. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You know who had been incited ??? president of his class. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And all the others were white in the eight grade and obviously he had to be exceptional to 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 be those things. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And then you had the Malcolm who had left school and who had gone to Roxbury, Massachusetts 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 where he had gotten his first exposure to what might loosely ??? be told hustling. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I called myself a little Hustler up in Roxbury in those days. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And this particular day ??? Malcolm X had come into Buscity???, had on his zoot suit with the wide 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 ??? had with the long 3/4 lenght coat ?? with the chain that went down to your ankles. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The last time I recall, Cab Calloway used that outfit for his stage uniform. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When Malcolm left Lansing he had nothing but an old square suit on. White man suit as I call it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When he came back from Boston, oh Lord, Malcolm had a zoot suit on him and a wide brim hat with 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 a chain from his hat down to his lapel. He was the top of the town. Everybody was talking 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 about Malcolm. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When he was dancing on the floor, and he was floating around those pants ??? like he was a floating balloon. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And that coat was like a wing. The way he'd be dancing ??? flying around with that big ???. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And this used to really shake up the girls. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In Boston they called him "New York Red" in New York they called him "Detroid Red". 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 ????????? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And he had pictures of him and Billy Holiday and all these people of that time out there. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Who were just being made known to the rest of the black world. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Malcolm works the kitchen crew on the New Haven Railroad between Boston, New York 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and Washington DC. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In 1942 he moved to Harlem and at age 17 began travelling in a world of ??? after hour clubs and small time hustlers. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He had reached a point at where he said: "You'll never make it on this janitory jobs and selling 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 sandwiches on these trains and shining shoes and stuff like that. You never will get anywhere." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He had the reputation of being a hustler. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That he was a street person but he was a hustler. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He was a con man.???? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When the white folks ??? came out at night and they wanted black women, he could arrange for 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 them to get them. If they wanted bootleg-whiskey he knew where to get it. If they wanted drugs he knew where to get it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He made it possilbe. He knew what they wanted and he knew where to get it and he would be 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in the middle where he could make a profit off of it. And this is the way he started doing it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Looking back at that time, Malcolm said: "Only three things worried him. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Jail, a job and the army. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 To avoid derving in WW2 he told his draft board that he wanted to organize black soldiers to 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 kill whites. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He was judged unfit for the military. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Malcolms gambling and drugs and Harlems night life were expensive. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He had already been arrested twice for petty crimes. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When he moved back to Austin back in 1945 he organized a gang to burglurise homes of prominent families. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The other gang members included his friend Malcolm Jarvis, his white girlfriend B. and 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 two other white women. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This girl knew that these people were down to Florida that time of the year. There was nobody 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 home, so we broke into the house and we'd get some of their valuables and Malcolm would take 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 most of the stuff and pawn it and get money for his gambling habit. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 After two weeks of doing this that's when the case broke ??? when he made the mistake of going to 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the pawn shop to retrieve a watch with over a thousand dollars that came out of one of 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the houses. That's when he was arrested by three police men. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Malcolm Little, Malcolm Jarvis and the three women were charged with breaking and entering. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The fact that two black men were with white women becaome an issue in the court. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Malcolm was definitely involved with two white women and this is what made the case so 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 powerful. So outrages. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The women testified that Malcolm had forced them to participate in the burglaries. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The two men received the maximum sentence. 8-10 years in state prison. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When they said the ??? I went out of my mind. I reached up and grabbed the bars of the cage and 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I shook then almost right up off the ??? and I hollered at the judge. I said to him: "You might as 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 well kill me as give me ten years in jail. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Well, I was a ??? mad negro. I was one. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And I knew what I saw was real. I don't know if ??? there was anything funny about it. ??? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I knew that when they laughed all together they were laughing: "Look what we did. We do'd it ??? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 ??? Negro.