9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wer hat Euch beigebracht Eure Hautfarbe zu hassen?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wer hat Euch beigebracht die Beschaffenheit Eurer Haare zu hassen?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wer hat Euch beigebracht die Form Eurer Nase zu hassen? Und die Form Eurer Lippen?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wer hat Euch beigebracht Euch selbst von Kopf bis Fuss zu hassen?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wer hat Euch beigebracht Euer eigenes Volk zu hassen?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wer hat Euch beigebracht die Rasse der Ihr angehöft zu hassen?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und zwar so sehr, dass Ihr nicht unter Euer Gleichen sein wollt?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Bevor ihr fragt, ob Mr. Muhammad Hass lehrt, solltet Ihr Euch fragen

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
wer Euch beigebracht hat das zu hassen, was Gott aus Euch gemacht hat.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Die meisten von uns Schwarzen, oder "Negros" wie sie uns nannten, glaubten wirklich wir wären frei.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ohne zu merken, dass in unserem Unterbewusstsein die Ketten die wir los zu sein glaubten, immer noch da waren.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Das Bedürfnis vom Weissen Mann anerkannt zu werden trieb uns in viellerlei Hinsicht an.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm wollte diese Wahrnehmung der Minderwertigkeit bekämpfen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er wusste, dass es mühevoll sein würde und dass manche Leute einen töten würden um das zu verhindern,[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
aber er wagte es dieses Risiko auf sich zu nehmen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er sagte etwas, das über Jenes was andere Anführer zu jener Zeit meinten hinausging.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Während die anderen Anführer um Einlass in das Haus ihrer Unterdrücker bettelten, sagte er dir ein eigenes Haus zu bauen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er vertrieb die Furcht der Afro-Amerikaner und sagte: "Ich werde laut aussprechen was wir uns denken."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ihr werdet sehen, die Leute werden davon hören und uns nicht unbedingt was antun.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Aber ich spreche nicht für die Massen."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er sagte das auf eine starke, männliche Art die aussagte:

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Ich habe keine Angst davor das auszusprechen was wir uns all die Jahre nur gedacht haben."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Deshalb liebten wir ihn. Er sagte es offen, nicht hinter verschlossenen Türen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er hat sich für uns mit Amerika angelegt.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und ich jedenfalls, als Muslim, glaube, dass der Weisse Mann klug genug ist.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wenn wir ihm verständlich machen könnten was die Schwarzen wirklich denken [br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und wie satt wir es haben, ganz ohne kontraproduktiven Schmeicheleien.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Nun, ihr macht es euch ja selbst schwer.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Der Weisse Mann glaubt Euch die Schmeicheleien, weil ihr ihm schmeichelt seit er Euch hierhergebracht hat.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Hört auf damit.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Sagt ihm was Ihr denkt! Sagt ihm in welcher Hölle Ihr euch befindet.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Dass er kein Haus haben sollte, wenn er es nicht in Ordnung bringen kann.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Es sollte Feuer fangen und verbrennen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Schon fast das ganze Jahrhundert haben die Schwarzen in diesen Strassen in Harlem ihre Kultur gefeiert.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und die Rassenfrage in Amerika diskutiert.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Hier reihte sich Malcolm zum ersten Mal bei den Strassen-Rednern ein, die den Hoffnungen und dem Zorn von Harlem eine Stimme liehen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ich lehrte Nationalismus und will raus aus dem Land des Weissen Mannes,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
denn Integration wird nie stattfinden.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So lange Ihr lebt werdet Ihr euch nicht ins System des Weissen Mannes integrieren können!

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
125te Strasse und 7te Avenue. was das Zentrum der Aktivitäten der Strassen-Redner. <<

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Als Malcolm dazu stiess hatte er eigentlich keinen Standort.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Also etablierte er seinen Platz vor dem Buchgeschäft von Elder Michaux.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Als Malcolm die kleine Plattform bestieg, kam er für die ersten vier oder fünf Minuten gar nicht zum sprechen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und dann öffnete er seinen Mund <<

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Man nennt Mr. Muhammad Hassprediger, weil er Euch dazu bringt Drogen und Alkohol zu hassen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Man nennt Mr. Muhammad Rassist, weil er uns nicht nur lehrt, dass wir so gut wie der Weisse Mann sind, sondern besser.[br][br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ihr seid besser als der Weisse Mann!

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Aber das heisst nicht unbedingt viel. Wir wissen ja, dass wir besser sind als er.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Was ist er schon für ein Vergleich? Seht Euch seine Haut an. Verglichen mit seiner sieht Eure Haut wie Gold aus.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Es gab eine Zeit in der wir begeistert von den Weissen waren. <<

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wir dachten, sie wären schön, weil wir blind und dumm waren.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wir konnten nicht Ihr wahres Gesicht erkennen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Seit der ehrenwerte Elijah Muhammad uns den Islam nähergebracht und uns gezeigt hat wie wir uns bessern können,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
sehen wir diese alte, blasse Gestalt genau so wie sie ist. Alt und blass.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Diese Ansprache zeigte mir, dass es kein zurück gab, wenn man ihn erst einmal reden gehört hat.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Selbst wenn man seine Meinung nicht änderte, musste man Sie überdenken.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Hier in unseren nördlicheren Städten waren wir es nicht gewohnt gesagt zu bekommen, dass wir Teufel und Unterdrücker waren

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er sprach für eine leise Masse schwarzer Menschen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und zwar ganz offen über die eigenen Sender der Teufel.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und das war eine Kriegshandlung.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Als er die Bühne verließ, stieg ich von der --> Insel<--?? und ging zu ihm.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Als ich ihn erreichte stellten sich Bodyguards in den Weg und er schiebt sie an die Seite.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ich stellte mich vor ihn und streckte meine Hand aus und sagte:

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Ich stimme nicht mit allem was Sie sagten überein, aber einiges davon gefiel mir."[br][br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er sah mich an, nahm sanft meine Hand und sagte: "Eines Tages wirst du, Schwester. Eines Tages wirst du", und lächelte dabei.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Um seine Botschaft zu verdeutlichen, benutze Malcolm sein eigenes Leben als Lehre für schwarze Amerikaner.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er predigte sie in Fabeln und Parabeln und später beim Schreiben seiner Autobiography mit Alex Haley.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er wollte Kontrolle darüber wie sein Leben zukünftig gedeutet werden würde.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ich war sehr hingerissen von einer Aussage die er später über sich selbst traf.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er sagte: "Ich bin Teil von allen die ich je getroffen habe."[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und damit meinte er, dass all die Dinge die er in seiner Jugend getan hatte

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
ihn etwas Aussetzten was ihm vertschiedene Fähigkeiten beibrachten,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
die sich zu Malcolm entwickeln sollten, der zum Wortführer der Nation of Islam werden würde.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Sie wurden in Omaha geboren, richtig?" - [br]"Ja Sir."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Und Ihre Familie verließ Omaha, als Sie wie alt waren. Ein Jahr?"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Ich schätze etwa ein Jahr alt."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Warum verließ sie Omaha?" - [br]"Soweit ich weiß brannte der Ku Klux Klan eines Ihrer Häuser in Omaha nieder."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Das machte Ihre Familie sicherlich unglücklich." -[br]"Nun, zumindest verunsicherte es uns."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Also haben Sie wohl eine etwas voreingenommene Haltung.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Sie können sich dem nicht auf eine große, akademische Weise annähern." -[br]"Ich finde das stimmt nicht, denn

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
nachdem wir Omaha verließen und nach Lansing, Michigan zogen, wurde wieder unser Haus niedergebrannt.<<

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Mein Vater wurde vom Ku Klux Klan getötet.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und trotz all dem war irgendjemand mehr unter den Weißen integriert als ich.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Niemand hat wie ich in der Gesellschaft der Weißen gelebt wie ich.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wir waren die einzigen schwarzen Kinder in der Nachbarschaft.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Hinten auf unserem Grundstück war eine bewälderte Fläch und die Weißen Kinder

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
kamen alle zu uns um hinten im Wald zu spielen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm schlug vor Robin Hood zu spielen. Also spielten wir dort Robin Hood mit Malcolm als Robin Hood.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und die weißen Kinder ließen das zu.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm sagte er war der hellhäutigste unter den sieben Kindern von Earl and Louise Little.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Eine Erinnerung, so meinte er, an den Weissen der seine Großmutter vergewaltigte.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
1929, als Malcolm 4 Jahre alt war, brachte sein Vater, ein Tischler und Prediger, die Familie nach Lansing, Michigan.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Lansing war eine kleine Stadt und die westliche Seite war jene auf der die Schwarzen lebten.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm lebte mit seiner Familie außerhalb der Stadt.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und sie hatten eine 16.000m2 große Parzelle mit einem kleinen Haus darauf.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Man sah sie irgendwie als Farmer an.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Drei Monate nachdem die Littles einzogen leiteten die weißen Nachbarn rechtliche Schritte ein um Sie zu vertreiben.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ein Bezirksrichte urteilte, dass das Gelände nur Weissen vorbehalten war.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Aber Earl Little weigerte sich umzusiedeln.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In Michigan betrug die Mitgliederzahl des Ku Klux Klans etwa 70.000.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Fünf Mal soviel wie in Mississippi.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Für Malcolms Familie war die Feindseligkeit von den Weißen eine Gegebenheit des Lebens.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wir schliefen alle und plötzlich hörten wir einen großen Knall.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und als wir aufwachten war überall Feuer.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und wir stießen alle gegen die Wände und gegeneinander.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ich erinnere mich, dass meine Mutter rief: "Aufstehen, aufstehen. Es brennt. Raus hier!"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Daran erinnere ich mich genau.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ich hörte meine Mutter und meinen Vater rufen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Sie gingen sicher, dass Sie uns alle erwischten und rausbrachten.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Das Haus brannte komplett ab. Die Feuerwehr kam nicht und das Haus brannte nieder.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolms Vater, Earl LIttle, beschuldigte die örtlichen Weißen das Feuer gelegt zu haben.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Die Polizei verhaftete ihn und bezichtigte ihn der Brandstiftung.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Die Beschuldigungen wurden später fallen gelassen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In der Stadt in der wir aufwuchsen nannten die Weißen uns "hochnäsige Nigger".

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Diese klugen Nigger von außerhalb der Stadt."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Zu jener Zeit, wann auch immer ein Weisser dich als "Kluger Nigger" bezeichnete,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
war es ihre Art zu sagen: "Das ist ein Nigger bei dem man aufpassen muss. Er ist nicht dumm."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Mein Vater war unabhängig.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er wollte von niemanden durchgefüttert werden. Er wollte sein eigenes Essen heranschaffen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Niemand sollte über seine Kinder bestimmen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er wollte selbst über sie bestimmen und das tat er.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er sprach immer von Marcus Garvey's Denkweisen und versuchte die Schwarzen dazu zu bringen

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
sich auf Vordermann zu bringen, keinen Ärger zu verursachen und miteinander daran zu arbeiten ihre Lage zu verbessern.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Aber damals galt man damit als Unruhestifter.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In den 1920ern predigte Marcus Garvey, ein schwarzer Nationalist,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
dass schwarze Amerikaner eine von der weißen Gesellschaft unabhängige Nation aufbauen sollten.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Mit einer Mitgliedschaft von hundert von tausenden suchte Garvey's "Universal Negro Improvement Association" [br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
stärkere Beziehungen mit afrikanischen Ländern.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Die UNIA hatte ihre eigene Flagge, ihre eigene Nationalhymne und eine afrikanische Legion,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
welche schwor schwarze Menschen zu Hause und im Ausland zu verteidigen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Das US Bureau of Investigation bezeichnete Garvey einen der führenden Negro --->Hassprediger<-- ??.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Die Regierung deportierte 1927, aber Malcolms Eltern hielten ihm die Treue.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Earl rekrutierte neue Mitglieder, Louise schrieb dür die Garvey-Zeitung.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Meine Mutter ließ uns aus der Garvey-Zeitung mit dem Namen "Die Negrowelt" vor.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und sie sprach mit uns auch über unsere Unabhängigkeit. Wir sollten uns selbst nicht Negros

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
oder Nigger nennen, denn wir seien schwarze Menschen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wir sollten stolz darauf sein uns schwarze Menschen zu nennen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Wie lautet ihr echter Name?" -[br]"Malcolm X. "

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Ist das ihr gesetzlicher Name?" -[br]"Soweit es mich betrifft ist es mein gesetzlicher Name."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Würde es sie stören mir den Nachnamen ihres Vaters zu nennen?"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Mein Vater kannte seinen Nachnamen nicht. Er bekam seinen Nachnamen von seinem Großvater[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und der bekam ihn von seinem Großvater, welcher ihn von seinem Slavenmeister bekam.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Der wahre Name unseres Volkes wurde während der Sklaverei vernichtet."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Gab es einen Punkt im Stammbaum ihrer Familie

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in dem sie einen Nachnamen benutzen mussten, und wenn ja, wie lautete der?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Der Nachname meiner Vorfahren wurde ihnen genommen, als sie nach Amerika gebracht und versklavt wurden.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und dann wurde ihnen der name ihre Sklavenmeister gegeben, welchen wir ablehnen."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Sie meinen, sie wollen mir nicht einmal sagen wie der vermeintliche, oder übergebene Nachname ihres Vaters war?"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Ich erkenne ihn nicht im geringsten an."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
September 1931. Malcolm war sechs Jahre alt, als seine Mutter eine Vorahnung hatte.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wir befanden uns alle im Haus und hatten unser Abendessen

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und meine Mutter hielt Wesley, meinen jüngsten Bruder.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Als sie ihn wahrscheinlich stillte schlief sie ein, mit dem Baby im Arm.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Mein Vater machte sich im Schlafzimmer bereit um in die Stadt zu gehen um Geld zu holen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und sie wachte auf und sagte: "Earl, geh nicht in die Stadt, sonst wirst du nicht zurückkommen."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In jener Nacht um etwa elf Uhr wurde Earl Little in einer Abgelegenen Gegend außerhalb Lansings gefunden. [br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Sein Körper war fast von einer Strassenbahn in zwei Hälften geteilt.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Die Polilzei bezeichnete Earl LIttles Tod als Unfall.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Die Angelegenheit war ziemlich schleierhaft, denn damals meinte man,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
dass es kein Unfall mit der Strassenbahn war, sondern Reverend Little vor die Bahn gestossen wurde.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Tatsächlich erinnere ich mich an genau jene Worte. Dass er wahrscheinlich gestossen wurde.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Der Tod meines Vaters verursachte einen großen Schock in der Familie, denn er war die Macht und Stärke im Haushalt.<<

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wir waren eine organisierte und strukturierte Familie.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Nach der Schule gingen wir sofort nach Hause und machten uns an die Arbeit im Garten.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wir reinigten den Hühnerstall und machten uns fürs Bett fertig.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und morgens standen wir auf, holten das Wasser vom Brunnen und brachten es ins Haus.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So war es als Vater am Leben war, denn das nicht zu tun brachte als Konsequenz eine tracht Prügel.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Also waren wir diszipliniert.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und nach dem mein Vater ermordet wurde und durch das Unvermögen meiner Mutter so schnell wie ich oder Malcolm zu laufen

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
verhalf uns dazu mit Sachen davonzukommen die wir sonst nicht einmal versucht hätten.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wir wurden immer freier. <<

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Louise Little bemühte sich ihre sieben Kinder durch die Große Depression zu bringen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Sie war in eine Position gedrängt in der sie kein Einkommen hatte und suchte sich arbeit.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Sie war eine stolze Frau.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Sie verkaufte Sachen und strickte für andere Leute. Sie tat viel um nicht allein auf Sozialhilfe angewiesen zu sein.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Sie mochte es nicht gesagt zu bekommen, was sie zu tun und zu lassen hat. <<

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und das ist eine der Hauptursachen die sie mehr als alles andere niederschmetterte.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Je mehr Zeit verging, desto mehr konnte man erkennen, dass sie ermüdete.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Sieben Jahre lang, während Malcolm die Pupertät erreichte, zog sich seine Mutter langsam von der Gesellschaft zurück.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Zwei Tage vor Weihnachten 1938 wurde Louise Little als paranoid diagnostiziert

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und ins Kalamazoo State Hospital gebracht.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Eines Tages als ich von der Schule nach Hause kam war sie nicht mehr da.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ich erinnere mich daran, dass ich mich leer fühlte, denn sie würde uns nie verlassen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ich fühlte den Schmerz ihrer Abwesenheit und es sollte nur einige Wochen dauern.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Sie würde sich erholen und zurück kommen, aber es sollte noch Jahre dauern. <<

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Louise Little blieb die nächsten 26 Jahre in Kalamazoo.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Der 13-jährige Malcolm musste zusehen wie das Gericht seine Familie trennte,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
indem sie die jüngeren Geschwister Pflegestellen in Lansing übergaben und ihn in eine weiße Gemeinde zehn Meilen entfernt brachten.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In der Vergangenheit war die größte Waffe des weißen Mannes seine Fähigkeit zu teilen und zu erobern.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wenn ich euch mit meiner Hand schlage, spürt ihr das gar nicht. Es mag brennen, weil die Finger nicht zusammen sind.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Aber alles was ich tun muss um euch zurück auf euren Platz zu verweisen ist diese Finger zu vereinen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er war der einzige der achten Klasse in Michigan - einer Schule in der er, glaube ich,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
der einzige Schwarze in seiner Klasse und einer der wenigen in der ganzen Schule war -

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
der herausragender Einserschüler war, der sogar zum Präsidenten seiner Klasse gewählt wurde.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Alle Anderen in der achten Klasse waren weiß und offenbar musste er außerordentliches Leisten um das zu werden.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und dann gab es den Malcolm der die Schule verließ und nach Roxbury, Massachusetts ging

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und zum ersten Mal dem ausgesetzt wurde was man lose Abzocker nennen könnte.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ich selbst bezeichnete mich damals in Roxbury als kleiner Abzocker.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm X kam nach Boston und trug seinen Zoot-Anzug, einen Hut mit weitem Rand.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und einer langen Dreivierteljacke mit einer Kette die bis an die Knöchel reichte.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Das letzte Mal als ich sowas sah, war es Cab Calloway, der so einen Anzug auf der Bühne anhatte.<<

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Als Malcolm Lansing verließ hatte er nur einen alten Spießeranzug an.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Einen Weißen-Mann-Anzug wie ich ihn nenne.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Als er aus Boston zurück kam, mein Gott, da hatte er einen Zoot Suit an

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und einen Hut mit breitem Rand,and a wide brim hat mit einer Kette von seinem Hut bis zum Kragen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er war das Gesprächsthema der ganzen Stadt. Jeder sprach über Malcolm.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und wenn er tanzte, dann glitt er herum und seine Hosen wirkten als wären sie Balloons und die Jacke wie Flügel.<<[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und die Art wie er tanzte und herumwirbelte mit seinem riesigen 10 Gallonenhut und der herumwirbelnden Kette...

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Das weckte die Mädels auf.<<

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In Boston nannte man ihn "New York Red". In New York nannte man ihn "Detroid Red".

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er hatte sein Haar geglättet. Es war rot und er hatte Bilder von sich und Billie Holiday und all diese Leute jener Zeit,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
die der restlichen Schwarzen Welt gerade erst bekannt wurden.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm arbeitete in der Küche im New Haven Zug zwischen Boston, New York und Washington DC.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
1942 zog er nach Harlem und im alter von 17 Jahren [br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
begann er die Welt der After-Hour Clubs und Möchtegernabzocker zu entdecken.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er erreichte einen Punkt an dem er sagte: "Mit den Putzjobs und als Sandwichverkäufer

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und Schuhputzer bringt man es doch zu nichts."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er hatte den Ruf ein Abzocker zu sein.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Jedoch war er zwar auf der Strasse aber kein Abzocker.<<

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er war ein Trickbetrüger, ja. Sie nannten ihn einen Künstler.<<

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wenn die Weissen nachts rauskamen und schwarze Frauen wollten, konnte er das arrangieren.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wenn sie schwarzgebrannten Schnaps wollten, wusste er wo man den kriegt.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wenn sie Drogen wollte, wusste er wo man die kriegt.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er machte es möglich. Er wusste was sie wollten, we er das besorgen kann

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und er war in der Mitte und konnte Profit davon machen. Und das war sein Anfang.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Rückblickend sagte Malcolm, dass nur drei Dinge ihm Sorgen machten.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Gefängnis, Arbeit und die Army.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Um zu vermeiden für den zweiten Weltkrieg eingezogen zu werden sagte er dem Ausschuss,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
dass er schwarze Soldaten mobilisieren will um Weisse zu töten.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er wurde für untauglich befunden.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolms Spielerei, die Drogen und Harlems Nachtleben waren teuer.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er war bereits zweimal wegen Kleinkriminalität im Gefängnis gewesen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Als er 1945 zurück nach Austin ging gründete er eine Gang um in die Häuser bedeutender Familien einzubrechen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Die anderen Mitglieder waren sein Freund Malcolm Jarvis, seine weiße Freundin Bea und zwei weitere weiße Frauen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Dieses Mädchen wusste, dass diese Leute zu dieser Jahreszeit in Florida waren.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Niemand war zu Hause, also brachen wir ein und stahlen Wertsachen

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und Malcolm nahm das meiste davon und pfändete es, um an Geld für seine Spielerei zu kommen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Nach etwa zwei Wochen brach alles zusammen, weil er den Fehler beging zum Pfandleiher zu gehen,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
um eine Uhr zurück zu holen die über tausend Dollar wert war und aus einem der Häuser stammte.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Dabei wurde er von drei Polizisten verhaftet.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm Little, Malcolm Jarvis und die drei Frauen wurden des Einbruchdiebstahls angeklagt.[br][br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Die Tatsache, dass zwei schwarze Männer mit weißen Frauen zusammen waren gefiel dem Gericht nicht.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm hatte etwas mit zwei weißen Frauen und das machte den Fall so gewaltig, so empörend.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Die Frauen bezeugten, das Malcolm sie zur Teilnahme an den Einbrüchen gezwungen hatte.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Beide Männer erhielten die Höchststrafe. 8-10 Jahre im Staatsgefängnis.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Als sie uns verurteilten drehte ich durch. Ich ergriff die Stangen meines Käfigs und rüttelte fast vom Boden.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und ich schrie den Richter an: "Da könntest du mich gleich töten, statt 10 Jahre im Gefängnis zu geben!"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Nun, ich war was man einen "Verrückten Negro" nannte.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und ich wusste, dass das was ich sah echt war. und da war nichts Lustiges dran.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ich wusste, dass sie mit ihrem Gelächter meinten: "Seht was wir getan haben. Wir haben's dem Negro gezeigt!"[br][br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Dann hatten sie die unerhörte Frechheit die Mädchen, bevor sie sie rausbrachten,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
zu bitten, Anzeige wegen Vergewaltigung zu erstatten. Das wollten sie aber nicht.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm Little war 20 Jahre alt und mit 8-10 Jahren im Staatsgefängnis konfrontiert.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er war weit vom Garvey-Stolz und der Freiheit die seine Eltern lehrten abgekommen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Jetzt war er Gefängnisnummer 22843.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Einmal kriminell gewesen zu sein ist keine Schande.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Kriminell zu bleiben ist eine Schande.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ich war einst kriminell. Ich war einst im Gefängnis.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Dafür schäme ich mich nicht. Wer mir damit weh tun will, benutzt den falschen Stock.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Den spüre ich gar nicht.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Man hat Jesus der Volksverhetzung angeklagt, oder nicht?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Man hat gesagt er wäre gegen Cesar.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Man hat gesagt er würde diskriminieren, weil er seinen Jüngern sagte:

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Geht nicht den Weg des Heiden, sondern geht zu den verlorenen Schafen."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Geht zu den Menschen die nicht wissen wer sie sind.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
[br]Die das Wissen um Ihre Vergangenheit verloren haben und Fremde in einem fremden Land sind.<<. [br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Geht zu diesen Menschen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Geht zu den Sklaven.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Geht zu den Bürgern zweiter Klasse.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Geht zu jenen die vom Zorn und der Brutalität Cesars leiden.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und wäre Jesus heut zu tage in Amerika, dann ginge er nicht zum weißen Mann.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Der weiße Mann ist der Unterdrücker. [br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er würde zu den Unterdrückten gehen und zu den Bescheidenen gehen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er würde zu den Demütigen gehen und zu den Abgestossenen und Verachteten.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er ginge zum sogenannten "Amerikanischen Negro".

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Gefängnis, 1946

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Hinter Gefängnismauern schloss Malcolm Wetten ab, befriedigte seine Drogensucht

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und argumentierte gegen die Existenz Gottes.[br][br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Die Männer in seinem Zellenblock nannten ihn "Satan".

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Jedoch begann Malcolm durch die Ermutigung eines älteren schwarzen Insassen zu lesen und Englischkurse zu besuchen.[br][br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm beschrieb das Gefängnisleben deutlich.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Dass er einsam und eingeschränkt war, jedoch pläne hatte viel zu lesen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Auf jeden Fall hat er viel geschrieben, denn manchmal schrieb er mir jede Woche.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Während seinem zweiten Jahr im Gefängnis berichteten seine Geschwister ihm [br][br]During the second year in prison his brothers and sisters wrote to him about what they

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
von der "ursprünglichen Religion des schwarzen Mannes".

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Eine Religion die den Schwarzen lehrte, dass sie die ursprünglichen Menschen waren,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
das Gott schwarz war und Allah genannt wurde.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Sie erzählten ihm, dass sie jetzt Mitglieder der "Nation of Islam" waren,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Jünger des ehrenwerten Elijah Muhammad, den Botschafter Allahs.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ich finde, dass Islam eine der besten Riligionen für unser Volk in Amerika ist.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Der sogenannte "Amerikanische Negro" muss gänzlich umerzogen werden.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und Islam gibt ihm die Fähigkeit stolz zu sein und sich nicht zu schämen schwarz zu sein.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ich stiess 1947 zur Muslim-Bewegung.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und begann dann meine Geschwister reinzubringen.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wir waren bereits mit Marcus Garveys Philosophien indoktriniert worden[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
also hatten sie nicht viel Arbeit damit uns zu überzeugen auf unsere Hautfarbe stolz zu sein.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Das waren wir von Anfang an.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Also schrieb ich Malcolm: "Wenn du an Allah glaubst kommst du aus dem Gefängnis."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und mehr schrieb ich nicht, denn ich wusste, dass er wenig Geduld für Religion hatte.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm's Geschwister schrieben dem jungen Gefangenen, dass schwarze Menschen in Amerika teil des verlorenen Stammes waren[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
und bald aus ihren Ketten befreit würden.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Und dass Weiße laut Elijah Muhammad eine Rasse von Teufeln war, deren Dominanz auf der Erde bald enden würde.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Er mochte alles daran, außer einer Sache die er nicht verstand.[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Den Teil in dem vom Weißen Mann als Teufel gesprochen wird.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm schrieb an Elijah Muhammad und erhielt Antwort.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And when he answered he would recite the part of ??? scripture.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And then he gave him the key. He said the key the bible is this book, that everything that takes

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
place in this bible is on this earth.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So you don't have to die to go to hell, you can catch ??? hell while you are living.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And the white man is the one that is putting the hell on you.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Well, that's a very convincing teaching, especiall when you use the white mans history to

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
coraborate this.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm began reading history, philosophy and religion. The writing of D.E.B Debois, Shakespeare, Sokrates, The Fables of ???, The lives

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
of Gandhi and Ned Turner.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And he finds all this history of how white christians lynched black christians.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
White christians were the once who were involved in the slave trade. Those were christians.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So Malcolm began to see this and then he began to study it himself and prove that if there is such

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
a thing as a real devil on this earth it has to be the white man.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Elijah Muhammed told Malcolm to submit to Allah.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But for Malcolm submission would always be difficult.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
It took a week before he could force himself to bow in prayer.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Later, to help spread the teachings of Elijah Muhammed, Malcolm joined the prison debate team.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Competing about visiting college teams from harvard and MIT.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
That's when Malcolms name and fame started to spread amongst the prison population.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And, as the population started to grow at the debating classes, most of the fellas used to

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
come over out of curiosity, just to hear him speak.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In 1950 Malcolm wrote to the Governor demanding the right to practice the muslim religion in prison.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
His letters would later end up in FBI files.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The Bureau had been keeping a close watch on the Nation of Islam since the late 1930s.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm considered a trouble maker, was denied an early parole.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He was not eligible to be led out at that time because he had been a threat to society.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
They considered him dangerous.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Knowledge-wise and otherwise, religious-wise.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He would have been like a rotten appel in a box full of a thousand. He was gonna spoil many.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
On August 7th 1952, after six and a half years in prison Malcolm was released.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Within a month he was accepted into the nation of islam.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm Little had become Malcolm X.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
How did you happen to join the muslim movement?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I was in prison. I was a very wayward criminal, backward, illiterate, uneducated and whatever

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
other negative characteristics you could think of, type of person.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Until I heard the teachings of the honorable Elijah Muhammed. And because of the impact that it

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
had upon me, in giving me a desire to reform myself and rehabilitate myself for the first time

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in my life. Also to be able to see the effect that it had upon others. This is what made me accept it.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And I noticed that after being exposed to the religious teachings of the honorable

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Elijah Muhammed immediately it instilled within me such a high degree of racial pride and racial

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
dignity that I wanted to be somebody.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And I realized that I couldn't be somebody by begging the white man for what he had.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But that I had to get out of here and try to do something for myself or make somethign out

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
of myself.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The first time that I recalled seeing Malcolm was at the home of my father, honorable Elijah Muhammed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And I saw a thin ?? man, tall man, young man, ???. He was just meeting you, the first thing

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
you would get from him was a smile.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He said: "This is Wallace!"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And I smiled at him. I was happy to see him because I had heard of him too.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And he said: "The messengers son." And he was so excited about the messenger.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Really it wasn't just seeing Wallace, it was seeing the messengers son.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
When Malcolm came out he was just so full of fire. He had gotten so full of fire, that he got out at the right time at

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the right place so could expound ???.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He came to Detroit, he was surprised to find there was such few people.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
??? powerful deity in his mind.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And he says: "I'm surprised that you are sitting here and so many empty seats.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Everytime you come out here this place should be full.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And that excited the honorable Elijah Muhammed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In the early 1950s the Nation of Islam was unknown in most black communities.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Total membership was believed to be no more than 400 people.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm was sent on the road to spread the message.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Within two years he helped organize temples in Boston, Hartford and Philadelphia.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Elijah Muhammed then named Malcolm Minister of the most important temple on the east coast.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Harlems temple number 7.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Mr. Muhammed knew that Malcolm had experience. That he knew New York.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He also knew, that he was that kind of men - complexion, height, speech and courage - all has

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
to be taken into consideration, when you select a man to stand before the people.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Plus, this is an international city.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
You got to have your best in New York. And

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
this is why Mr. Muhammed selected him.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In 1955, when Elijah Muhammed visited the New York temple it was to inspect the work of the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
ambitioned and outspoken minister, who had transformed tiny storefronts along the east coast

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
into a congregation of thousands.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammeds massage made a whole lot of people feel whole again.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Human being again.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Some of them came out and found a new meaning to their manhood and their womanhood.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Had Elijah Muhammed tried to introduced an orthodox form of ??? oriented islam,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I doubt if he would've attracted 500 people.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But he introduced a form of islam that could communicate with the people he had to deal with.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He was the king to those who had no king.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He was the messiah to those some people thought unworthy of a messiah.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The ??? thing is that Elijah Mudammed is like nothing I have ever taken. Like some medicine.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
You see. A medicine that has cured me of all my ???. I was a sick man.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
When I embraced the teachings of honorable Elijah Muhammed, these teachings cured me

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
of decease. I'm a well man now. I feel good.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
As long as you stay with the doctor you continue to be good - Yes sir.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
What about you? How do feel about the honorable Elijah Muhamed? - Honorable Elijah Muhammed

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
is trying to teach all of ??? people they are ???. - Go ahead brother. - Elijah Muhammed tries to wake them up.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Inside muslim temples no white people were allowed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Members worked to build a self sufficiant community.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Thounded on strict rules and absolute obedience.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The nation set up muslim schools for its children.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Teaching mathematics, sciene, history and arabic.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Who is the original man?"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"The original man is the ??? black man"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"The makers of all?? and the king of planet earth"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Muslim women studied nutrition, child bearing and guidlines on how to care about their husband.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Muslim man studied parental responsibility, history and religion.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The elite core, called "The fruit of Islam" was trained in hand to hand combat and was

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
expected to protect the temples and to punish any members who spoke out against the messanger.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I was surprised when I went to some of the muslim families. The faith that they had in the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Elijah Muhammed and in Malcolm.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I asked one father: "Suppose your son came home one day and told you that he renounced the muslim

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
religion."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He said: "I would turn him from my door and I would never allow him in again."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So I asked Malcolm. He said: "He meant it and he would do it."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I said: "Not worry about what would happen to his son?"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"No, he wouldn't worry about what would happen to him. His allegiance is to Elijah Muhammed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
To help expand the Nation of Islam Malcolm created a newspaper: "Muhammed speaks".

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And persuaded other black newspapers to carry the messengers weekly column.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
His strenght was, once he believed in a thing he would give anything he had to it. All of his energy.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He'd become a workaholic. He'd work day and night for it.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He only required around 4 hours of sleep.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And many times he wouldn't even get that.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Than you just kind of wonder: "How can anybody keep up that kind of ???". But he did it.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Day in and day out.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Plus, on top of that he's reading. He's reading papers, keeping up with what the news is.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He's just a person that's too ??? to life in such a way.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
That he doesn't miss too much of it.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
At age 32, after devoting 5 years to building the Nation, he sought the approval of Elijah Muhammed

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
to merry sister Betty X. A college edubated member of Harlems temple number 7.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In the years that followed the demands of his ministry allowed little time for his growing family.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He sometime, if I could catch up, he would have to read to the children. They would always want

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the story read again. So that they would really just wait that he was on the last page and say: "Read it again."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He started giving the books different endings.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He had a beautiful sense of humor. Especially if he was kidding me about pork.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
????

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
You're a decent human being, smart historian. I give you 99 as a human being and you stop eating

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
pork I gonna give you a hundred.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
A beautiful sense of humor plus the fact that when you got to know him he was kinda shy.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm was now in the nation of islams inner circle.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Elijah Muhammeds most visible represantitive.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He had the messengers confidence and the loyalty of thousands of muslims.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In a sense Malcolm had found a father. Elijah Muhammed had found another son.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
God's Angry Men tangle with police.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Riot threat as cops beat moslem.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
On an april night in 1957 a muslim brother was beaten by New York City police.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
His skull fractured, Johnson Hanton lay in a backroom of a Harlem police station.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
When word spread that Hanton was dying Malcolm ordered the muslims into the streets.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Other Harlem residents joined them.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The community had endured a long history of police brutality.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Many considered the police an occupying force.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
18th precinct was notorious for their prejudice.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
??????

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
That was the first time that anyone had marched on to 28th precinct in protest to something that

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
they felt wasn't right.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I don't know what would have happened in Harlelm that night because the atmosphere was

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
not... I think the word to use is charged. Well, this atmosphere was explosive.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm demande medical treatment for Hinton.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
After a long negotiation police agreed to send the prisoner to Harlem hospital.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But even then the muslims diffused to disperse.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
This seargant came out and tried to chase ??? the muslims who were standing across the street.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And Malcolm came out and told him: "You can't do that. They're not gonna move for you. I'll send them away."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He went out to the front of the station on the first step and just waved his hand and the people walked away.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
A police commissioner on the scene remarked: "That's too much power for one man to have."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm would later take New York city to court and win the largest police brutality settlement

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in the cities history.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
They realized that anytime a person could wave his hand and have a large number of people

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
automatically move away without any conversation, that by the same token that same

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
man could wave his hand and cause those people to create some kind of disturbance if he wanted to.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I believe from that point on the police department and the political people in New York City realized

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that they had a significant force in the city to deal with.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The hate that hate produced.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Good evening I'm Mike Wallace.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Last week on news beat our 6:30 news program on January 13, we presented a five part series

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
which we called the hate that hate produced.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The study of the rise of black racism.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Of a call for black supremacy among a small but growing segment of the american negro population.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We have come to here??? and to see the greatest and wisest and most ...

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
This 1959 documentary was the first television portrayal of the internal activities of the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
nation of Islam.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm saw the television program as an opportunity. Elijah Muhammed was against it.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Mr. Muhammed told malcolm no. It wasn't gonna do any good.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
All it would do is hurt us. ??? we were trying to do.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm wasn't satisfied. He didn't insist but he continued to ask Mr. Muhammed, could he do it.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Mr. Muhammed reluctantly agreed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"The Trial," Nation of Islam Play. -[br]I charge the white man with being the greates liar on earth.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"The Trial," Nation of Islam Play. -[br]I charge the white man, ladies and gentlemen of

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the jury with being the greatest murder on earth.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I charge the white man of being the greatest adultere on earth, so therefor...

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Here was this auditorium overflowing. Thousands of people about ??? an organization

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I knew nothing about. I found it difficult to critic when I saw it.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And of course when we put it on the air, New Yorkers - cause that's all that saw it - were stunned.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
There was this organisation, "The Black Muslims", about which white New Yorkers simply knew nothing.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Minister Malcolm X, as he addresses a non-muslim audience.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
How could so few white people rule so many black people? This is the thing you should wanna know.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
How could so few...The white man today will tell you that thousands of years ago, the black man

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in africa was living in palaces.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The black man in africa was wearing silk.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The black man in africa was cooking and seasoning his food.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The black man in africa had mastered arts and the sciences.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He knew the course of the stars in the universe before the man up in Europe knew that the earth

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
wasn't flat.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Is that right or wrong?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I was amazed at his ??? to communicate. And at the naked honesty with which he expressed his

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
feelings about black people or the white people.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He scared me. I'm sure he intended to. But certainly??? after I saw him in The hat that hate produced

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I knew that I would never forget this man.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
When I first saw Malcolm on the television, he scared me also. ???

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
turn off that television. That man is saying stuff you aint supposed to hear.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So of course we did. But always, you know when the sun comes into the window and you jump up

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
to get it, to close the blinds or pull down the shades, but before you do that the sun comes in?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Well, before each time we turned the televition off a little sun came in.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
While the documentary helped bring in new converts, the racial views of the Naition of Islam

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
shocked white america and many in the black community.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Preaching of racial hatred and racial advantage and the bigotry involved is a bad thing

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
wheter it's colored or white. For years the NAAPD has been opposed to white extremists preaching

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
hatred of nagro people and we are equally opposed of negro extremists preaching against

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
white people simple for the sake of whiteness.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Most in the civil rights movement believed that integration was the way to solve americas racial problems.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But Malcolm preached that black people were able to solve their own problems without the help of whites.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
At a time when black americans began to identify with freedom movements in africa and latin america,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm developed alliances with revolutionary leaders from around the world.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He encouraged to see themselves not as a minority but as a part of a world majority.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The riots ??? of african nations ??? with the spread with the nation of islam.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And the civil rights movement. Gave black america a burst of pride.over and above anything we had had.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
since the decline of the movement of Marcus Garvin.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
will ??? wipe away our tears. That's the benifit of our unity.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
They are passing the basket through the crowd and I think anybody standing here should put

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
one dollar in that basket. Don't you think you should? Sure, this are freedom dollars, brothers.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We're not asking you to give us some money to make us rich, we put up business. The honorable

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Elijah Muhammed had set up more business than any black man in america.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The Nation Of Islam with its interlocking corporations was now reputed to be the largest

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
black owned business empire in the united states.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The Nation of Islam, during the early 60s was perhaps enjoying its best days.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We were opening restaurants and grocery stores and seen the Muhammed speaks paper compete

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
with other black papers.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We've seen Malcolm on television kind of frequently. We were proud of him. In our opinion

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
he was doing an excellent job of representing the honorable Elijah Muhammed and the Nation of Islam.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We were seeing the Fruit of Islam not just exercising in some small facilities but seeing them

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
great numbers, hundreds of them, on the streets of big cities like Chicago, New York and Los Angeles.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
My view on the Fruit of Islam was that these were the absolute baddest, cleanest brothers

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that I had seen in my life.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
There was some bad blood, you don't understand? I mean you did not mess with FOI. When they came

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
out in the street people would say: "Yes sir!".

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The growing presence of the Fruit of Islam attracted police attention. There were increasing

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
numbers of confrontations and arrests.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm warned that members of the FOI would always obey the law, but would also defend

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
themselves if attacked.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In cities across america police agencies were determined to contain the black muslims.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
It was only a matter of time until the two forces would again collide.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
On a spring night in 1962 another confrontation.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
It began as a stop and search of muslim men delivering dry cleaning.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
It ended with a full police assault on the muslim temple.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
This time 8 men were shot. 1 Police officer and 7 muslims.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Temple secretary Ronald Stokes was dead at the scene.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I arrived at the mosque in Los Angeles after the shootin took place.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
There was great sadness amongst people.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm was walking back and forth shaking his head: "They're gonna pay for it."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
If anyone would break into our temples we would defend it with our lives. The temple was sacred.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And those brothers, they acted on what they were taught. And I'm sure that anyone seeing police

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
break into a church would be outraged.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
This didn't cause us a great surprise to us, the fact that they would resist our police officers and

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
cause trouble because we have been watching this group for a long time and Chief Parker

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
warned some time ago that we might have trouble with them.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Muslims riot. Kultist killed, policeman shot.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The Los Angeles times reported the insident as a muslim riot and a wild gun fight.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Four Wounded, 26 taken into custody; two officers beaten.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Muslims shoot, beat police in wild gunfight. [br]But it was never proven that any of the guns fired

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Muslims shoot, beat police in wild gunfight. [br]belonged to the muslims.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm called for churches and civil rights organisations to form a united fund with the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
muslims against police brutality.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Let us remember that we are not brutalised because we are baptist.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We are not brutalised because we're methodists,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We are not brutalised because we're muslims,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
we are not brutalised because we're catholic.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We are brutalised because we are black people in america.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I'm telling you they came out of those cars and we have enough witnesses to hang them.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
With their guns smoking. Chief Parker knows this, Mayor ??? knows this and every police official in the city knows that.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
They didn't fire no warning shots in the air. They fired warning shots point blank at innocent,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
unarmed, defenseless negroes.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Cause I say, two of the brothers were shot in the back.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Another was shot in the shoulder.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Two of them was shot - excuse the expression - through the penis.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Let me tell you something. You say, we hate white people? We don't hate anybody.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We love our own people so much they think we hate the ones who are inflicting injustice against them.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Coroner's INquest 1962

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Patrolman Donald Wease, the officer who killed Ronald Stokes testified that he knew Stokes

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
was unarmed but that Stokes had raised his hand in a menacing way.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The all white coroners jury deliberated 22 minutes and found the death a justifiable homicide.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
14 muslims were then ordered to stand trial on assault charges.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
11 would be found guilty and sentenced to prison.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We were people that sayin ???: "Never be the aggressor but if someone attacks you, we do

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
not teach you to turn the other cheek."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
There were muslims who were not from the east coast, but from other parts of the country, that

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
would actually ?? to go out there and kill those police officers even though they may have

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
been killed in the process of doing it. But that's how strong the attitude of muslims was

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
against those brothers just being shot like that.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Muhammad speakes: Court sets murdere free!"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The conflict of the Los Angeles mosque brought to the surface the growing differences between

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm X and Elijah Muhammed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The messenger insisted Allah would evange Stokes death, but Malcolm demanded justice

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in the courts.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Would it have been possible for them to get a fair trial ther would be no necessity for a trial at all.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
These are the victims of police bullets and you don't take the victims to court as a criminal.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
You take the one who shot the victim to court. And it is the police who should be on trial here in Los Angeles.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm began to talk less and less about god is going to get rid of the caucasian.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And he began to talk about how we were gonna be able to bring him to justice.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And make them guilty and that they are not guilty according to the law of the land. ???

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
That was not our argument at all. Our argument was that we were devine people and that

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
we would be protected and finally delivered. Put into the seat of authority by Allah.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
That was our teaching at that time.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
To avoid further confrontations with city authorities, Elijah Muhammed summoned

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm to a meeting at the messengers home.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Elijah Muhammed told him very definitely: "If you had reacted the way you should have reacted,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
have had more faith in Allah, Ronald Stokes would be alive."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
That was it. ???

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And Malcolm said ????

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He just listened.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Mr. Muhammed told him: "That's one man that we lost. I never did tell you that we were going to

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
lose anyone. But that's the way it is when you build an alligience???

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He said: "They were wrong. But if I send my followers out there to do battle with those people

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in an alley??, undercover or on top of the cover, they will get slaughtered and I'm not gonna do that.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And Malcolm didn't like that.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm had always said: "Muslims don't back down." In Harlem he had now to explain

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
what happened in Los Angeles.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Ronald Stokes was not the least ??? among the followers of the honorable Elijah Muhammed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He was one of the highest.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He was the secretary of our Los Angeles mosque.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And as we explained ??? on me, many of you thought that we should go right on out then,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and make war on the white man.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
You wanted to do it yourself didn't you?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Didn't you?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
You wanted some action then, didn't you?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Cause you don't like the idea of white people shooting black people down, do you?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And you're ready to do something about it? Aren't you?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We know you are and the white man should be thankful that god has given the honorable

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Elijah Muhammed the control over his followers that he has.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Told him to play it ??? cool, calm and collected.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And leave it in the hands of god.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In the months following the Los Angeles insident, Malcolms faiths in the messenger were further

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
tested by rumors about Elijah Muhammed private life.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Once a months he would go to Chicago to take money to Elijah Mohammed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And he would always go to the side door.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And on this particular day, when he got to the side door there were three young ladies and they were

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
knocking and banging on the door: "Open the doodr, open the door! We need money for food,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
our children don't have this or the other."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He immediately felt that, number one he didn't belong there.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm had long dismissed stories that Elijah Muhammed had fathered eight children with

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
six of his secretaries. Now he approached the messengers son Wallace to confirm what he had

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
seen.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So I told him: "Yes, I know about that. You can see things but you don't wanna see it, so you just

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
block it out of your mind. I'm aware of secretaries having some kind of reletiaonship with my

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
father. ??? with their children. I've seen him take that children and somewhere in my consciousness

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I was sure I was ??? that that was his family, but I never accepted it to deal with it in my mind.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Never did I accept it to deal with it in my mind.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Officials in the nation accused Wallace Muhammed of starting rumors and

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
conspiring against his father.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The charge that I gave Malcolm information on my fathers domestic situation is true but only after

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm had already told me that he witnessed that sitiuation.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
It gives me great pleasure and an honor and ??? at this time to introduce to you and present to you

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the messenger of Allah, your admired and beloved ??? teacher, the most honorable and humble

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Elijah Muhammed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm had submitted himself to Elijah Muhammed as his spiritual leader.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He never tried to see anything else.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And the things that he tried to put into practice himself, he thought were also being practiced

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
by his leader.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And when he found out differently, it just took all of the wind out of his sails.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In public the two men continued to embrace. In private suspicion had replaced faith.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The relationship was further complicated by Elijah Muhammeds failing health.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolms popularity vastly improved.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Number one, Mr. Muhammed was thinking he had bronchitis. So Mr. Muhammed went to ??? public meetings

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
maybe once, twice a year. That's it. And the rest of the time Malcolm was going everywhere.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
It was Malcolm who sparked the growth of the Nation all over the country.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He was in demand. Nobody was asking for Elijah Muhammed to speak, they were asking for

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm to speak. And naturally Malcolm got more involved with the civil rights struggle.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And his argument became more an argument that you would expect from someone who was in the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
civil rights struggle, then you would from someone who was following the honorable Elijah Muhammed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The 60s showed us the white man in an image that the Nation of Islam had cast him in.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In the image of a brutal person, you know. Turning the dogs out on the demonstrators.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Using the fire hoses. All this helped the Nation of Islam charge against the white race.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And made it possible for the Nation of Islams spokesman, Malcolm X, to get the press, to get

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the camera on him and to state what he had confidence in, that was an alternative,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and that was seperation.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
As muslims we believe that seperation is the best way, and the only sensible way. Not integration.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But on the other hand, when we see our people being brutalized by white bigots, white racists,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
we think that they are foolish to allow themselves to be beaten and brutalized and do nothing

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
whatsoever to protect themselves.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
If a dog is biting a black man the black man should kill the dog.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wheter if that dog is a police dog, a hound dog or any kind of dog. If a dog is ?? on a black man

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
when that black man is doing nothing but trying to take advantage of what the government says is

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
supposedly his than that black man should kill that dog or any two legged dog who ??? the dog on him.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
When Malcolm talks, ??? talk, ?? articulate for all the negro people who hear them, who listen to him.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
??????

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
??????

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
That's Malolm's great authority over any of his audiences. He ??? their reality.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I was probably about 14 years old and I was involved in a demonstration at this construction site.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The community was demanding integration of the work force.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We realized that Malsolm had come to watch the demonstration, when my shift changed I ran

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
across the street to talk to Malcolm. We had quite an argument that morning.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And he tried to explain to me what was wrong with my laying down on the ground in front of a cement truck.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And Malcolm said if these are people who could lynch black people, murder black children,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
enslave black people, why couldn't they run over somebody with a truck?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And he said: "They'd say it was an accident. Oops, my foot slipped, but you'd be "

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
just as dead." And when he left and I turned around to go back across the street. I went back

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and I got on the picket line, but I never laid down on the street in front of a truck again.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We were sitting across this table at the ????, talking about race relations in america and

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm at one point said okay, what's your solution and he was not asking me for advice.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He just of wanted to put me on the spot for a moment.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I was at the time under the spell of Dr. King and his notion of the beloved society which

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
would be colorblind and in which color would not be a disability for anybody.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm was kind of looking back at me and said: "You're dreaming. I haven't got time for dreams."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The goal of Dr. King is full equality...-[br]No. -[br]

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
...and full rights citizenship for negroes.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The goal of Dr. Martin Luther King is to give Negroes a chance to sit in a segregated

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
restaurant beside the same white man who had brutalized them for 400 years.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The goal of Dr. Martin Luther KIng is to get Negroes to forgive the people who have

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
brutalized them for 400 years by lulling??? them to sleep and making him forget what

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that whites had done to them. But the masses of black people in america today don't go for

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
what Dr. Martin Luther KIng is puttin down. You said in one of your articles, his psychologically insecure

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
or something like this. However you put it. But you didn't endorse what Martin Luther King was doing yourself.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I do not reject his goals of full integration and full equality rights for american citizens, do you reject...

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
If you don't think he's walking on the right road I'm quite sure you don't agree that he'll head to

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the right place.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We were aware, or felt that it was somewhat dangerous to be too closely associated

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
to Malcolm. He was saying some pretty rough things, particularly about whites.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Those of us who wanted to keep peace with the white world, some of us had our jobs in the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
white community. We didn't really get too close to Malcolm.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
It has been suggested also that this movement teaches a gospel of violence, that...

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
No, the black people in this country have been the victims of violence by the hands of the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
white man for 400 years. And following the ignorant negro preachers, we had thought

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
it was godlike to turn the other cheek to the brute that was brutalizing us.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And today the honorable Elijah Muhammed has shown black people in this country that

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
just as the white man and every other person on this earth has god given rights, natural rights,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
civil rights. Any kind of rights that you can think of when it comes to defending hiself.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Black people should have the right to defend themselves also.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In August 1963, 250.000 americans for the march on Washington.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm came to us. He told us the story about the ????.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
One thing I can say about Malcolm: Anytime he told us something he could back it up.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He had a ???? and he ??? said, I'm gonna tell you.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I know what I'm talking about.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He says, who pays the bills for civil rights?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
???????

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
You have to fight your battles. And it started in the street, but once you let them become integrated

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
????

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and than he relates it to a cup of coffee that is hot and as soon as you water it, put the milk in it cools down.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And these analogies Malcolm used sometimes were funny, but they hit home.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
KIng: ?????

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Most of the people that we were organizing had also heard of Malcolm X,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and respected him and listened to him and anytime that he was going to be on

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
they made an effort to hear those speeches.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And felt that he indeed understood what their problems were and that they needed to

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
be fought against.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And I suppose not always non-violently.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Nineteen days after the march of Washington a bomb blew apart the sunday school

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
of the 16th street baptist church in Bur???, Alabama.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
20 people were insured.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
4 little girls were killed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Here we're talking about bombing a church and killing 4 little girls.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And the feeling of anger and not being able to do something or not doing something was

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
tremendous.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
A lot of us sort of became desatisfied.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Because sort of became desatisfied.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He never spoke of it,??? that we were doing anything to help our people.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Who'd been brutalized by the whites and the police during the civil rights movement.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We felt that we should have gotten involved.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
One white man named Lincoln supposedly fought the civil war to solve the race problem and

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the problem is still here. And then another white man named Kennedy

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
came along running for President and told negroes what all he was going to do

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
for them and they voted for him 80%. He's been in office now for three years and the problem

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
is still here.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
When police dogs were biting black women and black children and black babies in Birmingham, Alabama

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that Kennedy talked about what he couldn't do becasue no federal law had been violated and

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
as soon as the negroes exploded and began to protect themselves and got the best of the crackers

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in Birmingham, then Kennedy sent for the troops.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He didn't have any new law when he sent for the troops when the negroes errupted, than he had at

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the time when the whites had errupted. So we are within our rights, and with justification, when we

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
express doubt concerning the ability of the white man to solve our problem.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And also when we express doubt concerning his integrity, concerning his sincerity.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Because will have to confess that the problem has been around for a long time and whites

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
had been saying the same thing about it for the past hundred years and is no nearer

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
to the solution today than a hundred years ago.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Well, he has changed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Changed from religious talk to ??? talk.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
To the point where I told him (Malcolm), that I listened to him when he first started

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and I listen to him now.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And I hear a change. He says: "What kind of change do you mean?"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I say: "Well, your talks when you first started out caused me to have chills when you speak.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Because of the truth of what you were saying. But now I don't feel that anymore."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He told his answer to me: "Maybe you have lost your religion or your spirit"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I said: "Well, maybe I have, but I'm just letting you know how I feel."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
After a while we began to notice that there were some rumblings ?? from Elijah Muhammeds family.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Every now and then there'd be little things they would say to let you know that they got

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
a problem with Malcolm rising up before the public like he's doing, because everybody had

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
began to recognize him now as the spokesman.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Spokesman" might be alright, but at the same time he's getting the public (s attention),

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the media has got him. Everybody is all "Malcolm, Malcolm, Malcolm X"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
You're hearing Elijah Muhammeds name less and less.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm believed he could handle the jealousies within the Nation of Islam.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But tentions between him and the messenger would come to a head???

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in late November in 1963.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We're sittin in the restaurant, drinking coffee, having this meeting and the captain of the mosque,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Joseph, got a telephone call from his wife. He got up and went to the phone booth, took the call

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and he came back to the table looking visibly shocked.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He said, that his wife had just told him that Kennedy had been shot.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm sent somebody to get a radio out of the back and plugged in the radio and listened.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And the announcer was saying: "To repeat. We're confirming that the president has been shot

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in Dallas, Texas. At this point we don't know how serious it is."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And Malcolm said immediately: "That devil is dead".

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
John F. Kennedy had been assassinated. Mr. Muhammed and his son called Malcolm and said:

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Brother Minister Malcolm? My father told me to tell you and we're calling all over the country, that

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
John F. Kennedy was assassinated.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And that we should not say anything in a degradory way whatsoever, because the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
man was the president of the united states.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And that people loved him."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The muslims had schedules a rallye at the manhattan center in new york city.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The day of the rallye the messenger called Malcolm to remind him to teach the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
spiritual side and avoid saying anything about the president's death.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But he was clearly nervois about what he might say. He spoke from a prepared speech.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Never specifically mentioned Kennedy.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But then as if ??? courting desaster,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
he opened the floor up for questions.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Normally he would speak ?????

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But this day he asked for questions and answer.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He went into this litany, comparing other leaders around the world who had somehow sufferd

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
at the hand of the United States Government and his agents and how this compared to what

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
just happened to Kennedy.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And he said: "Patrice Lamumba died and his wife became a widow, his people had their leader cut down

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and the US Government had been involved in doing that."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And he went through a ??? of these always winding up with the involvement of the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
United States Government.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So that the final point when you do those kind of things all around the world you set up an

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
situation, an atmosphere, an environment in the world and sooner or later those chickens

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
come home to roost.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
When he ??? I was really took ???. I didn't understand that.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And he answered the question: "Well, I know I'll get in trouble for this, but as far as I'm concerned

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
it's a case of the chickens coming home to roost."

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
??? John Ali, the National Secretary was there. That's how Mr. Muhammed got the news so fast.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
This ??? is from messenger Elijah Muhammed, the ??? muslim from america.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Mr. Malcolm ?? addressed in a public meeting at ?? center in New York City on Sunday, December 1st,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
did not speak for the muslims when he made comments of the ??? death of the president, John F. Kennedy.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He was speaking for himself and not muslims in general. And Mr. Malcolm has been

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
suspended from public speaking for the time being.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Muhammad on President Kennedy:[br]Nation Still Mourns Death

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
While the Nation of Islam publicly ??? for the slayed president, the leadership announced

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the silencing of Malcolm X for 90 days.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He was to give no speeches and to have no contect with the press.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We were doing alot of Kennedy Stories and therer was going to be a little one talking about

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm having been suspended.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I was expecting to pick up the phone and I'd get a quote and that would be it.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
This case he hold me on the phone for longer than I expected.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And he sounded upset, he sounded worried and it was the first time I ever sensed vulnerabilty

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in this guy who I've always been accustomed to ??? think of as an extremely strong man.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Will censure of Malcolm X lead to split in muslims?

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Newspapers predicted a power struggle within the nation of islam.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
It was later learned the FBI fed stories to local reporters in an attempt to deepen the rift

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
between Malacolm and Elijah Muhammed.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm, isolated and exhausted, accepted an invitation to Miami.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Where young heavy weight conteder Cassius Clay was training for his championship bout against Sunny Liston.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
??? member of the nation, Clay had been visiting muslim temples for two years and

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
had asked malcolm to help him mentally prepare for the fight against Liston.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Well going to Florida for my family was honeymoon. My parents refered to it as a honeymoon.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Of course its significance of us going as a family was a much stronger and meaningful for them.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
For us it was just an opportunity to be with each other.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But as my mother and father talked about it it was the first time in their real life as a marital union.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that they had time for themselves.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Malcolm offered to bring Cassius Clay into the Nation of Islam in exchange for his own

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
reinstatement.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
But the nations hirarchy ignored Malcolms offer.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
LIke most of america they saw the young boxer as a loud mouth with little chance of

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
beating Lister.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
As Malcolm watched from ring side the young Clay wore down the older champion.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
At the beginning of the 7th round a batted Liston could not come out of his corner.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Clay had become the new heavy weight champion of the world.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
??? poetry on number seven.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He wanted to go to heaven, so I took him ???.