[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.66,0:00:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's also American Indians, if I may say, some tribes...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.74,0:00:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- So, in America, democracy... - The chief who was elected by tribesmen was just there so that complaints could be made
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.66,0:00:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they really had no power.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.06,0:00:58.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- That's great ! The American Indians, it's another example of Democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.36,0:01:02.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other than Athens ; but we're more on the Constitutional process here but... yes it's still very interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.67,0:01:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another example of Democracy other than Athens, which is a Big example of 200 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.64,0:01:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was something sturdy where they were organised and the organisation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.48,0:01:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be interesting for us today... It was namely the Iroquois, but it was almost
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.40,0:01:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all American Indian tribes, so let's just say the American Indians. So they had chiefs, but these chiefs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.55,0:01:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only had power during war time. Only during a war did the chief have power.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.91,0:01:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in peace time, the chiefs had no power. So, they had the feathers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.39,0:01:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had the throne, or at least a special seat for the chief... In truth, it was as if the Indians
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.07,0:01:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were afraid of those who steal power. And so it's as if they planned everything so that the position of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.51,0:01:47.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chief existed, so that someone could be in it, so that those who wanted to steal the power
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.11,0:01:51.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just couldn't go and take it, since there was already a chief... But the chief, he's there,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.07,0:01:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he has the spot of Chief, but he has no power. He has no power and we're going to show him every day
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.75,0:02:00.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he has no power. He has to give us presents. First, when he is nominated Chief,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.95,0:02:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are going to nominate him and he can't refuse - that's why it worked -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.35,0:02:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then once he's nominated, he had to give us presents. And all day long,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.73,0:02:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the chief, there, he talks, he negociates, he talks, and he goes on an on... and we walk by him
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.23,0:02:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without even giving him a look. We just ignore him. We ... just to show him that he's the chief,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.57,0:02:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he's not a real chief, you see. It's strange isn't it ? You see there all the procedures
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.19,0:02:27.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the American Indians put in place to protect themselves against abuse of power.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.93,0:02:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's something else than the Athenians, but it's of the same... it's of the same family, that's what it really is.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.54,0:02:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's interesting for us... So, in my opinion, it's less sturdy. I don't see well how
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.77,0:02:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could apply the same thing. You'll see that the Athenian Democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.21,0:02:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are many ideas who come along and you just think: now that's interesting, and this is too, and that also...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.92,0:02:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many things that we can just take as they are from the Athenians whereas from the American Indians...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.14,0:02:52.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't see well, or I don't see us well with a chief just there and talking, and we'd just walk on by, ignoring him.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.07,0:03:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's good for small societies, really small societies... So where was I ? So...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.62,0:03:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll just pick up my thread again... I had stopped at the election. 200 years ago, everyone knew that an election
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.86,0:03:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was aristocratic. Today, we completly forgot that, because every day
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.04,0:03:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are reminded that an election equals democracy, democracy equals an election... 200 years ago, if we had said
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.56,0:03:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to someone, or to Montesquieu, or to Rousseau, if you had said
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.70,0:03:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to any political thinker of the 18th, 17th, 16th century... or even back 2000, 2500 years, if you had said
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.29,0:03:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to someone, a political person: "election equals democracy", he would have said: "This guy's not feeling well, is he?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.15,0:03:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone knew that election was aristocratic. By definition !
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.31,0:03:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Election, to elect, that means to choose! It's true, isn't it ? Electing is choosing;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.79,0:03:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and choosing, you're not going to choose the worst: you'll choose the best. By definition,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.35,0:03:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you choose the best. And the best, that's aristos. Aristos means the best (in greek). Aristos, it's...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.79,0:04:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aristocracy, it's the power of the best. So... it's not surprising ! It's not surprising
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.88,0:04:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that with a regime founded on an election, you have an aristoractic regime at startion. Meaning, at start,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.67,0:04:18.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you effectively choose the best ones and then, slowly but surely, there are biases, and we get off track
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.43,0:04:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and don't elect the best anymore, we start electing a small cast... Aristotle at the time said: "All aristocracies
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.19,0:04:29.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deviate, degrade, degenerate into an oligarchy." That means that power goes to a small number of people,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.97,0:04:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not the best. If we manage to... And this we can maybe achieve together... It's...great indeed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.91,0:04:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really interesting because we could maybe manage to imagine a better system
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.35,0:04:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than democracy ! An aristocratic system so well knitted, locked down, thought through that we would always have the best !
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.95,0:04:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The best between us all ! And they should prove every day
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.64,0:04:52.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they are the best! And when they aren't the best anymore, they get fired! Then we only have the best,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.59,0:04:57.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no longer inherited aristocracy, because that's just a mortal drift.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.23,0:05:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When aristocracy is inherited, it's no longer the best! The child of the best one...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.75,0:05:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or maybe the best one, he was good at warfare...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.96,0:05:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We judged that he was the best, alright, but his child, there is simply no reason
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.60,0:05:11.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he also be the best... When it starts to be inherited, the system efficiency collapses.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.84,0:05:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we could imagine... I'll try to stay brief about aristocracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.32,0:05:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but keep it in mind somewhere. I am, almost against my initiative,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.72,0:05:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through conferences, the one who defends the random draw and even the purest form of Athenian Democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.56,0:05:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show that it's possible, that it wasn't a bad system, and that there are many things to learn from it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.80,0:05:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I am just as able to imagine an improved representative government,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.56,0:05:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even an aristocracy, why not ? I'm sure I'm going to make you jump
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.72,0:05:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the idea, but I'm pushing the limits just to show you that I am open to ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.25,0:05:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not even consider a royal system ! But not a royal system like with Versaille,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.32,0:05:52.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that was just awful, but a royal system with a royal constitution
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.55,0:05:57.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we have thought things completly through... us ! Everyone, not just some elite cast.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.68,0:06:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They musn't write the rules for themselves. But if the People
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.92,0:06:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,invent sturdy rules, clever enough so that the king - because the People want a king - never crosses the line,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.91,0:06:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when he does, we get rid of him and put another one instead.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.84,0:06:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That doesn't bother me at all. What I'm interested in, what I'm looking for, is a sturdy regime
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.80,0:06:26.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can last, that protects us from abuse of power. Democracy just happens to work really well
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.79,0:06:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on that point. I really must get to talk about the... We'll soon put up a schematic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.22,0:06:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll talk to you about Athenian Democacy; and there are many useful things
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.57,0:06:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against oligarchy in Athenian Democracy. Yes ?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.35,0:06:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- If it was so good, why did they move on to something else ? Did they abandon it or...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.72,0:06:45.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Ah ! That's one of the objections. I can answer that one because it's really short
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.55,0:06:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There will be objections of course, but most are: if it was so swell,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.22,0:06:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would have carried on. So wait, if it was great for the 99%, it wasn't for the 1%.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.46,0:07:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the 1%, they are rich. They were the philosophers, the Platos, the Aristotles,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.34,0:07:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all those people talked about democracy, described democracy, but Hated democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.33,0:07:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plato, Aristotle and almost all philosophers ! Only the sophists
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.72,0:07:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually liked democracy and taught people to... taught them how to speak, taught them how to
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.36,0:07:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,debate and defend. They were democrats and made people pay for their teaching.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.26,0:07:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plato actually made fun of it. He mocked: "Yes, those are the ones teaching people how to speak,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.44,0:07:29.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,teach them how to lie ?" No, they didn't teach them how to lie; that was just Plato
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.81,0:07:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saying that because he didn't like democracy. Sophists taught how to express oneself, expressing
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.20,0:07:37.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideas and defending your point of view, by putting your arguments in the correct light...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.56,0:07:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most philosophers were against democracy. So for 200 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.85,0:07:48.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Athenians were armed. This is not just some detail, they weren't just armed, they were armed
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.19,0:07:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were soldiers. That is equiped and know how to use their weapons.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.90,0:07:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to me, it's one of the soul conditions. I'm very sorry,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.69,0:07:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am myself a pacifist and unarmed; I am completly naked in that sens,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.11,0:08:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't have a weapon... So I was educated that way and I was completly... modeled to fit
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.98,0:08:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now I'm fifty and I get the feeling that I might have been cheated here.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.12,0:08:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really! Because you just keep on seeing unarmed people getting butchered on a regular basis!
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.50,0:08:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to listen to Guillemin! I won't talk more on the subject, but those aren't words in vain.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.15,0:08:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are periods where things are calm, and just when we are convinced we need to stop
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.34,0:08:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oppression by saying: "Enough Oppression !" Those who aren't armed end up regretting it dearly.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.74,0:08:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Enough on that subject; it's an interesting source of debate, because many people...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.05,0:08:36.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,progressive people, of the left wing and who have said no to weapons:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.100,0:08:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It must be non-violent, absolutely" And when I say what I just said, they answer "What on earth is he saying ?!"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.86,0:08:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I know, yes, I was like that myself before... but I'm starting to think that...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.47,0:08:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Enough, it's a debate! Maybe I'm wrong, but we'll see, we'll talk about it. Anyhow, those people
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.54,0:08:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were armed managed for over 200 years to impose democracy by getting rid of oligarchic systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.54,0:08:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when one came along, they just finished it brutally or they put...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.78,0:09:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well they didn't brutally end it everytime, they could also ostracise it; we'll see, it's a procedure.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.10,0:09:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they got rid of it, but they were busy with it, kept watch, they had their white blood cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.86,0:09:12.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for 200 years the philosophers methodically wrote hundreds of pages
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.76,0:09:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to explain that the heart, the central element, the sine qua non condition of democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.20,0:09:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the random draw. Perfectly indentified by the philosophers, and that's my explanation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.94,0:09:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Athenians, they made... well we could also plan for it in our own democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.06,0:09:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should fear that threat: that is that they had jealous neighbours or enemies around them,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.50,0:09:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the rich actually made alliance with outsiders. The army of Philippe of Macedonia became a monster,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.42,0:09:48.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it became invicincible for them. The ended up loosing the war. But that's secondary,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.11,0:09:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not a necessary conclusion, it's not... It's not an obligation: it could have not happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.46,0:09:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's contigent. Anyhow, it just happens they lost the war. They lost a war
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.13,0:10:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the ideological matter, the intellectual basis for it never to happen again was there.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.77,0:10:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had understood. After 200 years, the thieves, the power cravers who had never been able to steal away power
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.27,0:10:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 200 years through a random draw... That's my explanation. It's "chouardesc" as I said before.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.05,0:10:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not backing what I'm telling you now with a book. Well, it's what I read in books
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.79,0:10:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes me guess this, but it's my explanation. Maybe I'm missing other explanations, surely,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.71,0:10:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I'm not omniscient, evidently. It seems to me that if democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.75,0:10:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,never appeared again, it's because the central process, essential
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.20,0:10:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- when you'll see the schematic, it will appear that it's essential -, it's central procedure
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.68,0:10:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had been very correctly identified by the philosophers, who all talked clearly about it. All these philosophers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.68,0:10:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,point very clearly to random draw as the ground rule for democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.78,0:10:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you take out random draw and that you put an election instead, it's no longer a democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.89,0:11:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- My comment is not to say that it wasn't a good thing, my comment
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.77,0:11:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to try and make you understand that it takes a lot of effort...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.99,0:11:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes, yes I know that it will ask for a lot of efforts, I'm quite sure of it...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.85,0:11:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- ...and that human nature maybe tends to go towards where we are now...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.68,0:11:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes, yes, yes absolutely!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.05,0:11:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- ... and that it has always been that way, because we are...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.49,0:11:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- So maybe you're right, I hope not. So I'll repeat with the microphone
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.16,0:11:23.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that all can hear. The objection points that it's no about saying democracy is bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.85,0:11:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's more to say that since it never appeared again, maybe it's
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.08,0:11:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in human nature to not be in democracy and to be more in an oligarchy, and that it strives for...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.97,0:11:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I really hope that you are wrong. Maybe you're right, I know that.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.36,0:11:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I know, I know well, that it's not about imposing democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.76,0:11:45.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we have... It's like in communism, if you impose communism,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.49,0:11:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it just ends in a blood bath... Every time we impose it, it ends in an utter blood bath !
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.96,0:11:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll have democracy only when we'll have it. First, when we'll stop understanding
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.68,0:11:57.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"democracy" as it's opposite. So we first must learn what we're actually talking about, so we must absolutely
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.44,0:12:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put the words back in their place, and that we want to ! We must have weighed the pro's and
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.12,0:12:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the con's. It's going to ask quite a lot of work from you. It's going to bring us more protection
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.62,0:12:10.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against abuse of power and injustices, but it's going to ask a lot of work from us.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.100,0:12:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are we ready for it ? Do we want it ? Have we been enough to ask
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.52,0:12:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and convincing enough to get the mass to agree and adopt it ?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.48,0:12:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not because we're not there yet that we'll never be. I repeat, Internet
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.22,0:12:30.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a tool that let's us discover.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.20,0:12:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would have never met before Internet. Internet makes connections and group progression
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.69,0:12:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,infinitly quicker... it makes possible and so quickly that it let's us have hope and dream.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.57,0:12:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because there are many people who are able to weigh pro's/con's and draw a conclusion:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.32,0:12:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Alright, I'll work a little more but at the same time, I'll get rid of parasite bankers...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.04,0:12:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I'll free up thousands of billions of ressources ! I am going to need
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.90,0:12:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to work a lot less when I'll have taken the control of money creation again. " It's a subject...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.12,0:13:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's all connection, you see. I'll talk less about it tonight, but you should look at other conferences.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.68,0:13:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're on the Internet. But what I'll say on money creation is not something that has nothing to do with this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.36,0:13:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's completly intwined like two organs of a same body.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.82,0:13:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We won't get money creation back without a Constitution, without writing ourselves our own Constitution.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.32,0:13:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we won't have prosperity and a bit of work... with a reasonable amount of work, by working
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.44,0:13:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two times less, maybe two days a week for example ; we won't achieve a prosperity
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.04,0:13:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with an intellectual emancipation... If we work less, we'd be able to learn philosophy,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.15,0:13:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or musique, or love... many things that at the moment we do little of, or quite badly, or not at all
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.91,0:13:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we're dumb struck by work! But you know, productivity has quadrupled, fivefolded, tenfolded
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.36,0:13:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since the 2nd World War. Productivity, our work has become more and more efficient,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.80,0:14:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in enormous proportions ! In less than 40 years. Do we work less ?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.23,0:14:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Non, we work the same... almost... give or take 30 min /week. We work the same
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.20,0:14:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because we have parasites on our back. I'm saying it quite harshly, but when I'm listening to you...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.00,0:14:16.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well I could call them the people of Versailles, like they used to say during the Commune period, those who were...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.91,0:14:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those who formed a group around the Commune of Paris [just after the French Revolution]... so the rich, in short,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.92,0:14:24.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those who had been caught... no, not those who had been caught... the rich who had left
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.89,0:14:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,power ; because the Communards didn't take the power. I'm leaving my thread again.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.28,0:14:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the people of Versailles, in reality, it's the people of power, those who made people beleive they were of the folk
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.18,0:14:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had left and deserted Paris. They were afraid, the army didn't obey, and they said: "Oh la la,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.95,0:14:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the army is not obeying, we have to leave!" And they went to Versailles. There, they created
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.71,0:14:56.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a huge army to come back and butcher the Communards.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.61,0:15:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So... yes, yes, maybe you're right, maybe it's won't come to be because we want it,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.60,0:15:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it seems to me that the enthusiasm that I find around this idea is growing over the last year,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.55,0:15:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's moving forward, it seems. Many people see... they see
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.49,0:15:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what a real democracy is, who discover the lessons from Athens
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.32,0:15:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We won't take everything from Athens. There are things we don't want from Athens, obviously,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.92,0:15:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there are things that are "sexy", attractive, interesting in Athens, so...
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.03,0:15:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I find that there is a novation, something new that gives us
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.87,0:15:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a possible perspective and in the end, doesn't make me fight a lost battle.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.15,0:15:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- In the case of Athens...
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.95,0:15:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes ?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.75,0:15:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- In the case of Athens, what was the percentage of people living in Athens
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.23,0:15:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were likely to take decisions ?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.90,0:15:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- That's going to be a hard one... What was the percentage of Athenians who were likely
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.01,0:15:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take a decision ? Are you talking about the people living in Athens or are you talking about citizens ?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.36,0:15:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I'm talking about living human beings, of course.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.38,0:16:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Ah...no well...Why ?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.70,0:16:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sorry? Well yes but...
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.93,0:16:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- ... living people who are less human beings than others ?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.20,0:16:13.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Well of course. - Women, slaves...
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.65,0:16:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Women, slaves, dogs,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.97,0:16:18.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cats, children, strangers, there are...
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.01,0:16:20.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- We've understood each other: we're talking about living human beings.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.43,0:16:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Ah you see... I'd put animals in there too. But that's a debate,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.82,0:16:34.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as there are debats on: what is defined by the People ? I hope you don't imagine
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.79,0:16:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I'm a slave trader or a phallocrate. I don't imagine for a second a democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.21,0:16:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without women or with slaves. Don't go imagining otherwise! It's almost an hour now that I'm talking,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.28,0:16:50.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've understood what I meant, it's not... What I'm interested in Athens,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.01,0:16:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's what was in the folk at the time. And you must understand that it's not reasonable
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.82,0:17:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to judge, to juge in the terms of value judgement, a folk of 2500 years ago with our own values
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.58,0:17:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of today! That's an anachronism. It's a mistake, we're doing something
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.75,0:17:11.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't make sense. When we'll be, us, today, judged by our grand, grand, grand
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.11,0:17:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grand children, who will have long stopped eating meat and killing animals ;
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.23,0:17:19.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll just make artificial meat that will be a lot better than the meat we know today,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.27,0:17:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by far ! And they won't need to kill animals at all. Animals
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.67,0:17:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be their friends, their brothers, they will maybe even know how to talk with them... they will have learned,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.73,0:17:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finaly, to talk with animals and they will talk with them. And when they'll know, when they will judge us today,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.72,0:17:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we who ate then, who put them in nazi concentration camps!
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.81,0:17:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not an exageration, it's real torture that we impose on animals
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.29,0:17:47.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to eat them cheap. When they will judge us, they'll say: "But they were,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.63,0:17:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were monsters!" Are you a monster ? Non! But you must be judged
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.46,0:17:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the criterias of your era. I'm saying this so that you understand, but I'm sure that you would have done it
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.01,0:18:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without me. At the time of Athens, all the populations in the world were also slave traders.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.86,0:18:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the people around the world ill treated their women. By the way, this treatment, this bad behavior towards women,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.48,0:18:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's still going on today. I don't know if this has passed by you that women
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.11,0:18:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are still not treated like men, not at all. And just a few years back,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.08,0:18:19.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn't have the right to vote! So that's... Let's say that the Athenians weren't the only barbarians
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.35,0:18:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we should be afraid. No, it's just the people of that era. It was... there weren't any women
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.01,0:18:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or slaves or métèques - métèques, that's what they called strangers - all couldn't vote
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.10,0:18:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I want to say is that it's not what's interesting for me,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.73,0:18:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and evidently not what I want to duplicate. This is a trial... and I know you're not putting me on trial for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.30,0:18:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understand that, but it's a trial that our elected representatives do all the time!
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.76,0:18:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They say: "But Mr. Chouard, you are defending a slave trading regime!
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.20,0:18:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you a slave trader?" Non, I'm not a slave trader. I say: "Those were criterias,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.64,0:18:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,caracteristics of that era who weren't necessary to democracy. Democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.96,0:19:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,however, at that time, there were 99% of poor and 1% or rich. Aha ! That's a stricking
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.84,0:19:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ressemblance! Ah yes, because that, in all the countries of the world and in every era,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.04,0:19:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a common situation, the 99% / 1% already existed. "Ah, that already existed! So what ?" Well,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.36,0:19:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 200 years, those people...alright I know, they didn't have women, there weren't the...
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.30,0:19:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...but listen ! In the citizens, there were 99% of poor and 1% of rich. Who ruled for over 200 years ?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:29.52,0:19:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And during those 200 years, the rich existed. They existed and lived their lives of rich people,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.84,0:19:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they lived really well! They lived with a lot more comfort than all the others.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.04,0:19:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had more slaves, they lived better than the rest, but for 200 years of random draw.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.20,0:19:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those who ruled were the 99%! For 200 years, the 1% never ruled.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:54.84,0:20:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They lived, they lived well, they lived richly, they lived amongst others,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.36,0:20:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they didn't have political power. The random draw managed for 200 years to... listen closely,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.32,0:20:11.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's my way of saying it, but it's also why I'm giving so much to understand it,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.24,0:20:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be sure that it works or doesn't; and that's what keeps me interested because that's what is transposable.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.98,0:20:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for 200 years, the random draw permitted human beings of that era who made up the society...
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.44,0:20:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So "smaller" than us today, but it would work just as well on a bigger scale today!
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.27,0:20:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The random draw let them desynchronise, or clearly seperate economical worth
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.09,0:20:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- so just wealth - of the political worth, of the political power. People who were poor,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:39.08,0:20:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who worked in the fields, when to vote the laws. And at the same time, people who were living
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.52,0:20:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in palaces, couldn't vote the laws. They went to the assembly like everyone else,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.93,0:20:53.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they weren't many, they couldn't sway the laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:53.81,0:20:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Were they excluded or...
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.48,0:20:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- No, they weren't excluded, they were citizens but since they weren't many,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:57.76,0:21:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they couldn't decide. Yes ?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.22,0:21:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- In a random draw, you can have a real idiot.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.39,0:21:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- You can have a real idiot or a backstabber. Yes. - We'll talk about it afterwards, if you want... -
Dialogue: 0,0:21:07.92,0:21:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, yes, surely yes ! By drawing randomly to have an...
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.96,0:21:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- It's not because you'll have a farmer that you'll have an idiot.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.61,0:21:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes of course ! No no, this is a misunderstanding. Give me... please let me have
Dialogue: 0,0:21:18.24,0:21:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a second so that I can explain, but you'll see that I have a perfect answer for that, you'll see!
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.52,0:21:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A sturdy answer that you'll be able to use yourselves when you'll leave to...
Dialogue: 0,0:21:26.87,0:21:31.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll see! It's a powerful objection, surely; it comes to mind to all of us!
Dialogue: 0,0:21:31.23,0:21:33.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, if we draw an idiot! Come on! Or a jerk!"
Dialogue: 0,0:21:33.100,0:21:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many answers to that. So I'll finish on that... Yes ? Sorry.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:43.59,0:21:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes... In Athens, it's all nice and swell, but there were maybe 40 000 citizens.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.70,0:21:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Ah that's another objection ; it's the number. They were 40 000 citizens and today
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.32,0:21:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are 40 million. Ah Mr. Chouard, you are trying to drive us...
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.60,0:21:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- They were capable of assembling in one place...
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.13,0:22:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- ... to gather in one place. How do you do to assemble 40 million people ?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.01,0:22:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have an answer for that too, but I'll answer it after, in order.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.12,0:22:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So no, no, those are objections and I have no intention of eluding them. I swear
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.47,0:22:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I won't avoid them, or even cheat with any of your objections. We'll treat them very correctly. Yes ?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:19.60,0:22:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Someone who masters the tools, too, someone...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.60,0:22:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...Communication, there must be knowledge too...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:23.73,0:22:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- ... that there be knowledge...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.61,0:22:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- ... and diplomas...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.82,0:22:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Popopopop ! Let's talk, let's talk ! - I call them that way but maybe... - He must be competent
Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.12,0:22:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- ...that they have knowledge recognised by others... - They must be competent. - Competent...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.52,0:22:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Another objection noted. No but this is great, realy great ! We have our objections!
Dialogue: 0,0:22:40.86,0:22:42.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Words are words, so "diploma" I don't have anything else but...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.95,0:22:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes, yes of course! I didn't say the objection was a bad one, it's valid and very interesting
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.35,0:22:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we must talk about it ! We must discuss. One of two things: Either it's solid and irrefutable,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.55,0:23:01.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in that case we can just stop debating, because it's true, you're right, the whole thing is then shattered,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.55,0:23:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there. An objection showing that it's not possible, that it doesn't work.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:07.95,0:23:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just serious. \NOr the objection is a new idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:14.83,0:23:21.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a first idea, and then yes, there's this, and yes, there's this too, and that... The Athenians...
Dialogue: 0,0:23:21.99,0:23:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'll answer globally. I'll answer globally because there are other objections in the line
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.99,0:23:31.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you haven't thought of yet and that will come to your mind
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.55,0:23:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you'll leave. I'll answer and I will give you an answer
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.36,0:23:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to almost all the objections; maybe not concerning the number of people but it's worth for the others
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.49,0:23:50.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's sturdy. The Athenians were like you and me, they had the same fears as we do.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:50.57,0:23:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They weren't insane! They weren't stupid because it was 2500 years ago. They were just as smart as we are
Dialogue: 0,0:23:56.47,0:24:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were a lot more training in politics as we are. I mean they practiced politics,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.91,0:24:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they knew what they were talking about, they knew the risks.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.59,0:24:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those people, well aware, who wouldn't have let such a danger slip past them:
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.51,0:24:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We're going to randomly draw an idiot. What do we do ?" They wouldn't have let that slip past them and do nothing about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.75,0:24:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those people, those Athenians, for 200... 200 years, that's really long, ey. It's not two years,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.55,0:24:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not twenty years, it's not a hundred. 200 years is very long !
Dialogue: 0,0:24:28.59,0:24:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For 200 years, they still randomly drew.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:31.91,0:24:40.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- And during those 200 years, did they consider, like you do, that the political instrument
Dialogue: 0,0:24:40.83,0:24:45.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's almost a goal or was it a mean? If for 200 years
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.83,0:24:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they worked with such a political system, that it let in place all the social unfairness...
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.83,0:24:55.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- They didn't feel like they had social unfairness. Yes ?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.71,0:24:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Ah they didn't feel like...ah yes...
Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.75,0:24:59.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Well yes. Remember, the people of that time, well... No but that's ...
Dialogue: 0,0:24:59.90,0:25:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Athens for 200 years, it was a great city...
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.63,0:25:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes!
Dialogue: 0,0:25:03.43,0:25:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- A political system, it's an instrument, not a...
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.63,0:25:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes, it's an instrument, absolutely.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:08.03,0:25:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- It's an instrument for making life better for most people...
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.12,0:25:12.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Absolutely
Dialogue: 0,0:25:12.95,0:25:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- To make sure to reduce social unfairness, for example...
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.46,0:25:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Absolutely, absolutely, absolutely. And by the way if you... I'll just ask you to beleive me
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.78,0:25:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before that I prove it to you, but it seems to me that what I'm struggling for, that is
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.97,0:25:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to institutionalise a real democracy, a modern democracy, that is one where
Dialogue: 0,0:25:31.73,0:25:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would have women, we wouldn't have slaves. If we manage
Dialogue: 0,0:25:35.81,0:25:38.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to put in place a true democracy, that is that we manage to understand
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.55,0:25:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why we have not achieved this before; and I beleive that it's because we have given up
Dialogue: 0,0:25:41.71,0:25:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the constitutional process. And I beleive that if we manager to create a real democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.05,0:25:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I beleive that we will be able to solve many social injustices
Dialogue: 0,0:25:50.90,0:25:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are forced to bare with today. I beleive that marxistes, anarchistes
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.43,0:26:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,progressistes in general, guys who are a lot more ...a lot more fierce
Dialogue: 0,0:26:01.26,0:26:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on... We want justice. We want Kropotkine. We want social justice;
Dialogue: 0,0:26:09.02,0:26:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I beleive that those people should... I really don't feel like I am in opposition with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:15.89,0:26:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is because I beleive that it's going to work. If we manage to...
Dialogue: 0,0:26:20.30,0:26:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The political system that we are now... refining, balancing by saying:
Dialogue: 0,0:26:28.52,0:26:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We must watch out again this power so that it's not abused of, that it doesn't become a tyranny,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.35,0:26:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it doesn't become..." This watchsmith's precaution that no power be able to abuse it's power,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:39.67,0:26:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's a democracy! It's a system where we are able to protect ourselves...
Dialogue: 0,0:26:45.39,0:26:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It must be a moderate democracy, because the assembly must not be able to squash;
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.95,0:26:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the majority must not be able to squash the minority, for example. So we must thing about the mechanisms
Dialogue: 0,0:26:55.47,0:27:01.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will also defend the minorities. I am not at all... I am not mad, I'm looking, I'm searching...
Dialogue: 0,0:27:01.83,0:27:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not looking to put in place a system that is going to have the name democracy because it's just called democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:06.19,0:27:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's just pretty in that way, because I like what they had in Athens. No, not at all!
Dialogue: 0,0:27:08.95,0:27:17.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My thread, it's reducing... I know that we'll never get to the end completly...
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.59,0:27:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not full of illusions...I know that we won't manage to go to the end
Dialogue: 0,0:27:21.43,0:27:26.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of social injustices, there will always be there, but my objective is to reduce them drasticly.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:26.11,0:27:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to outlaw abuse of power. So we're on the side, don't misunderstand, I...
Dialogue: 0,0:27:33.64,0:27:40.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll just ask you as a personal favor to not... In a controversy, it's Rabelais
Dialogue: 0,0:27:40.12,0:27:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I should have... It's not Rabelais, it's Montaigne that I should have brought, who in "Essays"...
Dialogue: 0,0:27:45.06,0:27:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,describes in chapter 8 of book 3 "The art of conversation".
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.77,0:27:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You should buy "Essays" in the version translated in modern french, otherwise you just don't understand it.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:56.99,0:28:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In old french, you stop at every word, it's incomprehensible the "Essays", whereas translated
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.85,0:28:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by Lanly, it's beautiful. You'll see, it's linked to what we were saying... Yes I know, I'm leaving my thread again,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:05.40,0:28:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's useful, you'll see. In the "Essays", Montaigne observes himself
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.41,0:28:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with such honesty that what he finds in himself, also helps us understand ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:16.64,0:28:21.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when he talks about our conversations, he says: "In most
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.33,0:28:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conversations, by the game of voice tone rising and of our egos, we are driven,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:27.69,0:28:33.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against our will, to try and prove the other is wrong and we are right,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:33.59,0:28:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas normally we should, if things were ideal,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:39.72,0:28:46.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should both search for truth..." Phrase it differently if it comes as a shock
Dialogue: 0,0:28:46.95,0:28:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you consider that there is but one truth, that there is... but here we're searching
Dialogue: 0,0:28:51.71,0:28:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and trying to make the less mistakes possible. So if we search and make as little mistakes as possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:55.55,0:29:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the other points out a mistake, we should be happy! Alright, we lost because we were wrong,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.19,0:29:03.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was right, but globally we've made progress since we have found a mistake
Dialogue: 0,0:29:03.83,0:29:10.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we won't repeat agaion. So I will ask this favor of you, it is to try
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.43,0:29:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to not take our controversies, our short-lived disagreements, like a verbal joust
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.07,0:29:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we are going to win, the other loose, but more like a common research.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:24.17,0:29:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm looking for something, I'm not going to preach the mass.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:27.01,0:29:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not going to say something "ready made", a revealed truth. I'm thinking this through,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:32.12,0:29:37.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm not finished yet. I'm still finding many ideas: "Great, the Iroquois there, recently";
Dialogue: 0,0:29:37.55,0:29:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a gold mine, a mine of things that we can integrate in our process. So I'm searching if you will.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:43.75,0:29:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm completly interested by your objections, but don't take it as one of us
Dialogue: 0,0:29:50.70,0:29:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to be right and the other wrong. You see what I mean ? In my opinion, we will win
Dialogue: 0,0:29:59.83,0:30:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by trying to find together a system that the thieves of power won't want
Dialogue: 0,0:30:06.61,0:30:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and will never give us, and that we alone, those who have renounced to power, who want
Dialogue: 0,0:30:12.60,0:30:18.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social justice, but who want to avoid abuse of power, but who don't desire power;
Dialogue: 0,0:30:18.47,0:30:24.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we alone are capable, I beleive, to invent a regime, a mechanism, a clockwork system
Dialogue: 0,0:30:24.76,0:30:30.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will protect us on the long run. That will protect us against social injustice, protect us all.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:30.79,0:30:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So...yes, so... If we have an objection, and I must answer to the objections,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:37.48,0:30:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but maybe we should turn the schematic on so that...
Dialogue: 0,0:30:40.50,0:30:44.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll see that the objections, they'll... I'm going to need...
Dialogue: 0,0:30:44.27,0:30:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- It's not an objection, it's just about Montaigne: I would like to add something,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:47.91,0:30:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is that we often say "virtuous example". When we start to... I beleive that
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.60,0:30:57.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for many years the political debate and even, let's say, scientific debates and others,
Dialogue: 0,0:30:57.73,0:31:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been more turning around the emotional aspect than really the thinking process; we get the distinct impression that
Dialogue: 0,0:31:01.68,0:31:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are always...that they are never, during the debate, in the other person something
Dialogue: 0,0:31:08.18,0:31:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we put in common. They are always in contradiction. It's sure that people are used
Dialogue: 0,0:31:12.17,0:31:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to this kind of debate, to this kind of communication, and it's going to be very hard to establish
Dialogue: 0,0:31:17.51,0:31:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a different form of communication other than conflictual communication...
Dialogue: 0,0:31:20.48,0:31:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- It's going to be hard, be we shouldn't renounce. It's true, we have a tendancy ... probably...
Dialogue: 0,0:31:27.46,0:31:32.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,...boosted by shows... shows that are proposed to us on TV and at the movie theatres,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:32.85,0:31:35.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where really emotions and violence are constantly there and...
Dialogue: 0,0:31:35.90,0:31:37.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- ...they never agree...
Dialogue: 0,0:31:37.13,0:31:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- ... and they train us to react with emotion. And when we react under the influence of passion,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:44.14,0:31:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our reason falls back a step. All this is true. But we shouldn't renounce, I beleive that there,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:48.60,0:31:55.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we start to discuss, we are going to shed light on such a risk,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:55.42,0:31:59.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this weakness. Forewarned can be forearmed. Maybe we can defeat it, after all.