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Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.35,0:00:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi. I'm Wheeler Winston Dixon, James Ryan Professor of Film Studies at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.84,0:00:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is Frame By Frame. And today I want to talk about gay and lesbian identities in Hollywood cinema,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.14,0:00:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the beginning to the present.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.46,0:00:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hollywood has never been a leader in this area. Gays and lesbians have always been marginalized in the cinema.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.07,0:00:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Early portrayals of gay characters or lesbian characters in films were always stereotypical,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.08,0:00:45.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and often deeply insulting.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.65,0:00:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BAND CONDUCTOR: "Boys will be boys. Woo!"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.42,0:00:54.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were relegated to "pansy" roles or stereotypical "limp-wristed" roles,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.99,0:01:02.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these early films are very difficult to look at because they basically just completely marginalize characters.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.70,0:01:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,JAMES CAGNEY: "Don't forget. Plenty of room in there."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.74,0:01:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TAILOR: "Oh, sir. Here's where you need the room. Such a muscle!"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.40,0:01:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interestingly, there were many gay people working in Hollywood during this period.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.68,0:01:19.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dorothy Arzner, the director... and George Cukor, of course, who was gay as a director,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.61,0:01:26.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and basically directed most of "Gone With the Wind," unitl Clark Gable's homophobia forced him out of the production.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.52,0:01:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you had to wait a long time in Hollywood before gays and lesbians were actually sympathically
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.37,0:01:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and realistically portrayed on the screen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.86,0:01:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even in the 1960s, you had things like "Midnight Cowboy," "The Boys in the Band," "The Killing of Sister George,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.84,0:01:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "Cruising," one of the most infamous films of all time, directed by William Freedkin.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.41,0:01:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not until very recently that you have films like "Sunday Bloody Sunday," which is the first real gay onscreen kiss.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.68,0:01:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LIZA MENELLI: "You have to understand the way I am, mein herr."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.88,0:02:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Cabaret," which was a more direct look at this sort of thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.06,0:02:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"An Early Frost," "Parting Glances," "My Beautiful Laundrette"...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.30,0:02:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are films which basically treated homosexuality and lesbianism as part of the human experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.74,0:02:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Billy's Hollywood Screen Kiss" is another one. "Poison," by Todd Haynes,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.78,0:02:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Swoon," "The Living End."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.91,0:02:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are all films that basically portray things in a more positive light.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.35,0:02:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, of course, the ascendency of pop artists like Andy Warhol, who brought gay concerns into the mainstream,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.36,0:02:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is another factor in moving films forward in this area.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.19,0:02:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's still a long way to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.83,0:02:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American cinema is absolutely heterotopic. Gay-bashing jokes, unfortunately, still occur in too many comedies as a staple.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.84,0:02:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is something where Hollywood has a lot of catching up to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.91,0:02:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just like the same thing that happens with racism.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.38,0:03:02.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Homophobia and racism, unfortunately, are part of American cinema, and go hand in hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.72,0:03:10.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have yet to be erased in terms of the way that Hollywood represents everyone equally on the screen.