[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.09,0:00:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi! My name is Krystian Aparta,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.77,0:00:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to talk about\Ntranslating terminology.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.80,0:00:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as translators, we all know
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.27,0:00:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that because one word\Ncan mean many things,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.95,0:00:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can't just translate a word,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.51,0:00:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we first need to find out\Nwhat concept it refers to,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.74,0:00:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then, what words are used for\Nthat concept in our target language.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.67,0:00:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's usually enough\Nto look at the context for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.56,0:00:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So with a word like "mouse"\Nin the first sentence here,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.52,0:00:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the context, we know that it\Nrefers to just our general domain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.98,0:00:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the knowledge\Nand experience with mice,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.85,0:00:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the second sentence, it refers\Nto a more specialized domain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.55,0:00:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of computer devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.40,0:00:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we're translating a word like\N"mouse" in the first sentence,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.30,0:00:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we just go to our general\Nknowledge of the language,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.65,0:01:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and do a so-called "literal"\Nor "word-for-word" translation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.83,0:01:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with a word like "mouse"\Nin the second sentence
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.24,0:01:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that refers to a specialized domain,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.49,0:01:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can't really do\Na literal translation,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.96,0:01:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but first, we need to find out...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.89,0:01:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, if we didn't know\Nanything about computers,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.95,0:01:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would need to do some research
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.42,0:01:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and find out what this device\Nis called in our language.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.50,0:01:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is important,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.76,0:01:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because even though in English one\Nword can refer to both things,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.09,0:01:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a foreign language the specialized term\Ncan have a different, non-literal translation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.64,0:01:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, in Japanese, "mouse"\Nin the rodent sense is "nezumi,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.33,0:01:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "mouse" as the computer\Npointing device is "mausu."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.97,0:01:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can tell that "mausu"\Nand "nezumi" are totally different.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.30,0:01:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will refer to a word that refers\Nto a specialized domain as a "term."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.02,0:02:05.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's usually easy to tell\Nthat a word or phrase is a term.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.16,0:02:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very often, terms are capitalized.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.20,0:02:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, these two phrases mean\Nsomething completely different,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.55,0:02:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they may have a different\Ntranslation in your language.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.73,0:02:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like in Spanish, the landmark\Nsense is "la Gran Muralla China,"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.90,0:02:24.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the literal translation\Nis "la pared grande,"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.68,0:02:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is just some wall\Nin a house somewhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.32,0:02:34.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, words that seem difficult or\N"sound foreign" are often terms.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.94,0:02:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we come across a word\Nlike "velocity" or "aperture,"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.95,0:02:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we sort of get the feeling\Nthat we need to look it up.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.77,0:02:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are cases, though, where it's hard\Nto tell if a word is actually a term,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.81,0:02:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we need to, first, find out\Nif it does work like a term in English,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.63,0:03:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then whether there is an established\Ntranslation in our target language,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.52,0:03:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if we have to make up our own.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.100,0:03:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I would like to share\Nan experience like this...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.70,0:03:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that happened when I was\Nreviewing the Polish translation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.16,0:03:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Janna Levin's talk on\Nthe sound of the universe
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.75,0:03:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by Kinga Skorupska.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.33,0:03:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this example is used by\Nthe translator's permission.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.56,0:03:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At one point in the talk, Janna\NLevin uses the phrase "dust lanes,"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.50,0:03:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was translated in\NPolish as "ścieżki pyłu,"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.48,0:03:38.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a literal translation that\Nbasically means "paths of dust."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.84,0:03:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because Janna Levin uses a lot of\Nspecialist vocabulary in her talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.75,0:03:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wasn't really sure if\Nthe literal translation would work.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.13,0:03:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I needed to find out\Nif "dust lane" is a term.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.09,0:03:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started by googling\N"'dust lane' galaxy,"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.53,0:04:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these quotation marks are there\Nto look for this exact phrase.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.72,0:04:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I found this Wikipedia entry\Non the Sombrero galaxy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.36,0:04:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which did contain the term\N"dust lane" in the same meaning.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.72,0:04:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this confirmed that "dust lane"\Nwas indeed a term in English.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.88,0:04:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I needed to find\Nthe Polish translation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.50,0:04:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the first thing I did was to go to\Nthe Polish entry on the Sombrero galaxy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.66,0:04:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which contained this sentence,\Ntranslated literally as:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.39,0:04:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"is partially occluded by a belt\N(torus) of nonluminescent matter."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.48,0:04:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at this point, "torus" seemed like a good\Nenough candidate for "dust lane" in Polish,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.01,0:04:50.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I wasn't really sure if this was\Nonly a word used in this article
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.60,0:04:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the established term in Polish.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.16,0:04:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to find out about this,\NI did another Google search,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.74,0:05:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this time in Polish,\Nfor "torus galaktyka."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.74,0:05:08.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I found this Wikipedia\Nentry on the Seyfert galaxy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.72,0:05:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,containing this sentence,\Nwhich literally translates as:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.70,0:05:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,la la la, "closest vicinity of the active\Ncore (known as a dust torus)."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.43,0:05:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.97,0:05:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought I was done,\Nand this was my translation:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.83,0:05:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"dust lane" translates as "torus\Npyłowy" or "dust torus" in Polish.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.02,0:05:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then I thought they\Nmay not be that similar.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.55,0:05:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because as much as a "lane,"\Nusually being straight,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.62,0:05:42.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can sometimes be used\Nfor something circular,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.17,0:05:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a "torus" is always like a circle.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.29,0:05:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I needed to find out\Nif the term "dust lane" in English
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.94,0:05:55.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was really used for\Nsomething circular,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.34,0:05:58.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a "torus" would be.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.01,0:06:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went to Google again, and did a\Nsearch for "'dust lane' galaxy,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.94,0:06:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this time an image search.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.90,0:06:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But all it gave me were these\Npretty images of galaxies,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.52,0:06:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but nothing to confirm\Nor disconfirm my idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.13,0:06:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, I did another search,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.97,0:06:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for "'straight|long' dust lane',"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.79,0:06:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this straight\Nline works like "OR."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.57,0:06:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is because we don't usually\Nrefer to circles as "straight" or "long."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.87,0:06:34.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This brought me to a page containing\Nimages and descriptions of galaxies,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.58,0:06:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of the descriptions had\Nthe phrase "long dust lane" in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.68,0:06:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But comparing the descriptions and\Nimages for other galaxies on this page,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.88,0:06:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw that they were\Nall pretty similar.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.30,0:06:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, "dust lane" did refer to something\Ncircular in all these images.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.04,0:07:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there, I had my term.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.69,0:07:03.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Dust lane" was translated\Nas "torus pyłowy,"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.43,0:07:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or literally "dust torus," in Polish.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.00,0:07:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As translators, you probably go through\Ninvestigations like these all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.91,0:07:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I wanted to share\Nthis story, because...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.94,0:07:23.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Outsmarting a talk that wants\Nto hide away a term from me
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.27,0:07:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is, to me, one of the most exciting\Nparts of the process of translation.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.90,0:07:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.