[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.71,0:00:19.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for having me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.27,0:00:23.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have too many really exciting\Nrobotics works that I want to show you
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.23,0:00:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we only have 18 minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.04,0:00:28.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I really had a hard time\Ntrying to cut down the slides.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.39,0:00:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let's see how it goes,\Nwe have 18 minutes
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.58,0:00:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and an apology in advance,\NI'm probably going to speak really fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.51,0:00:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the first robot I'll talk about\Nis called STriDER.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.95,0:00:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It stands for Self-excited\NTripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.47,0:00:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a robot that has three legs,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.13,0:00:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is inspired by nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.86,0:00:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But have you seen anything in nature,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.03,0:00:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an animal that has three legs?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.87,0:00:51.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably not.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.01,0:00:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, why do I call this\Na biologically inspired robot?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.55,0:00:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How would it work?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.76,0:00:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before that,\Nlet's look at pop culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.06,0:01:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you know H.G. Wells'\N"War of the Worlds," novel and movie.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.77,0:01:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what you see over here
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.10,0:01:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a very popular video game,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.16,0:01:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in this fiction they describe\Nthese alien creatures
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.18,0:01:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and robots that have three legs\Nthat terrorize Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.99,0:01:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But my robot, STriDER,\Ndoes not move like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.84,0:01:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, how does it work?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.25,0:01:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is an actual\Ndynamic simulation animation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.00,0:01:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just going to show you\Nhow the robot works.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.33,0:01:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I go to robotics conferences,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.14,0:01:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I show this video to some of my colleagues
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.17,0:01:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everybody goes, wow, this is cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.92,0:01:29.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when I click this,\Nit's going to show an animation,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.50,0:01:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so everybody say "Ooh" and "Aah".
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.44,0:01:35.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ooh.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.58,0:01:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aah. Isn't that cool?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.16,0:01:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It flips its body 180 degrees
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.31,0:01:45.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it swings its leg between\Nthe two legs and catches the fall.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.43,0:01:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, that's how it walks.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.79,0:01:49.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you think about it, it looks\Nvery complicated, almost organic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.100,0:01:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why are we trying to do this?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.61,0:01:53.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is this biologically inspired?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.57,0:01:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me talk about it a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.61,0:01:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when you look at us\Nhuman beings, bipedal walking,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.56,0:02:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you're doing is\Nyou're not really using a muscle
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.05,0:02:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to lift your leg and walk like a robot.\NRight?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.90,0:02:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you're doing is you really swing\Nyour leg and catch the fall,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.30,0:02:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stand up again,\Nswing your leg and catch the fall.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.96,0:02:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're using your built-in dynamics,\Nthe physics of your body,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.11,0:02:14.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like a pendulum.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.89,0:02:18.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We call that the concept\Nof passive dynamic locomotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.31,0:02:21.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you're doing is, when you stand up,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.47,0:02:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potential energy to kinetic energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.70,0:02:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potential energy to kinetic energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.47,0:02:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a constantly falling process.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.77,0:02:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, even though there is nothing\Nin nature that looks like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.80,0:02:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really, we were inspired by biology
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.54,0:02:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and applying the principles of walking\Nto this robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.95,0:02:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thus it's a biologically inspired robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.65,0:02:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you see over here,\Nthis is what we want to do next.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.47,0:02:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to fold up the legs\Nand shoot it up for long-range motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.86,0:02:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it deploys legs -\Nit looks almost like "Star Wars" -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.59,0:02:50.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it lands, it absorbs\Nthe shock and starts walking.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.47,0:02:54.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you see over here, this yellow thing,\Nthis is not a death ray. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.16,0:02:56.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is just to show you\Nthat if you have cameras
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.53,0:02:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or different types of sensors -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.04,0:03:00.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is tall, it's 1.8 meters tall -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.11,0:03:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see over obstacles like bushes\Nand those kinds of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.22,0:03:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have two prototypes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.59,0:03:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first version, in the back,\Nthat's STriDER I.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.53,0:03:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the problems\Nthat we had with STriDER I -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.19,0:03:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one in front, the smaller,\Nis STriDER II.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.77,0:03:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem that we had\Nwith STriDER I is
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.80,0:03:16.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was just too heavy in the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.54,0:03:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had so many motors,\Nyou know, aligning the joints,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.16,0:03:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those kinds of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.51,0:03:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we decided to synthesize\Na mechanical mechanism
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.49,0:03:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we could get rid of all the motors,\Nand with a single motor
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.50,0:03:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can coordinate all the motions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.27,0:03:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a mechanical solution to a problem,\Ninstead of using mechatronics.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.54,0:03:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, with this now the top body\Nis light enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.55,0:03:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's walking in our lab;\Nthis was the very first successful step.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.14,0:03:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's still not perfected -\Nits coffee falls down -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.60,0:03:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we still have a lot of work to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.08,0:03:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second robot I want to talk about\Nis called IMPASS.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.72,0:03:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It stands for
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.60,0:03:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intelligent Mobility Platform\Nwith Actuated Spoke System.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.04,0:03:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's a wheel-leg hybrid robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.88,0:03:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, think of a rimless wheel
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.02,0:03:57.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a spoke wheel,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.63,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the spokes individually\Nmove in and out of the hub;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so, it's a wheel-leg hybrid.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.88,0:04:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are literally re-inventing\Nthe wheel here.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.41,0:04:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me demonstrate how it works.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.50,0:04:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in this video we're using an approach
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.84,0:04:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the reactive approach.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.97,0:04:14.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just simply using the tactile sensors\Non the feet,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.79,0:04:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's trying to walk over\Na changing terrain,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.82,0:04:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a soft terrain\Nwhere it pushes down and changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.73,0:04:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just by the tactile information,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.71,0:04:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it successfully crosses over\Nthese type of terrain.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.74,0:04:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, when it encounters\Na very extreme terrain,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.10,0:04:32.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this case, this obstacle\Nis more than three times
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.81,0:04:34.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the height of the robot,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.95,0:04:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then it switches to a deliberate mode,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.88,0:04:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it uses a laser range finder,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.99,0:04:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and camera systems,\Nto identify the obstacle and the size,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.96,0:04:44.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it plans, carefully plans\Nthe motion of the spokes
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.96,0:04:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and coordinates it\Nso that it can show this
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.09,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of very very impressive mobility.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You probably haven't seen\Nanything like this out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.60,0:04:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a very high mobility robot
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.58,0:04:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we developed called IMPASS.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.47,0:05:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you drive your car,\Nwhen you steer it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.42,0:05:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you use a method called\NAckermann steering,\N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.47,0:05:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the front wheels rotate like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.34,0:05:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But most of the small wheeled robots\Nuse a method called differential steering
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.74,0:05:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the left and right wheel\Nturn in opposite directions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.86,0:05:16.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For IMPASS, we can do many,\Nmany different types of motion.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.01,0:05:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, in this case, even though\Nthe left and right wheel is connected
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.58,0:05:22.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a single axle rotating\Nat the same angle of velocity,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.37,0:05:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we just simply change\Nthe length of the spoke.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.46,0:05:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It affects the diameter and then\Ncan turn to the left and to the right.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.81,0:05:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are just some examples
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.18,0:05:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the neat things\Nthat we can do with IMPASS.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.43,0:05:33.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This robot is called CLIMBeR:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.41,0:05:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cable-suspended Limbed Intelligent\NMatching Behavior Robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.62,0:05:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I've been talking to a lot\Nof NASA JPL scientists -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.58,0:05:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at JPL they are famous\Nfor the Mars rovers -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.63,0:05:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the scientists,\Ngeologists always tell me
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the real interesting science,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.12,0:05:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the science-rich sites,\Nare always at the cliffs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.76,0:05:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the current rovers cannot get there.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.27,0:05:53.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, inspired by that\Nwe wanted to build a robot
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.90,0:05:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can climb a structured\Ncliff environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.04,0:05:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is CLIMBeR.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.72,0:06:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what it does, it has three legs.\NIt's difficult to see,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.51,0:06:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it has a winch\Nand a cable at the top -
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.58,0:06:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it tries to figure out\Nthe best place to put its foot.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.42,0:06:08.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then once it figures that out
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.28,0:06:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in real time, it calculates\Nthe force distribution:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.80,0:06:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much force it needs\Nto exert to the surface
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.28,0:06:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it doesn't tip and doesn't slip.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.23,0:06:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once it stabilizes that, it lifts a foot,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.49,0:06:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then with the winch\Nit can climb up these kinds of thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.33,0:06:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also for search and rescue\Napplications as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.88,0:06:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This robot is called MARS:\NMulti-Appendage Robotic System.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.46,0:06:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Five years ago I actually\Nworked at NASA JPL
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.82,0:06:33.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the summer as a faculty fellow.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.05,0:06:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they already had\Na six legged robot called LEMUR.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.47,0:06:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is actually based on that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.30,0:06:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's a hexapod robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.82,0:06:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We developed our adaptive gait planner.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.76,0:06:45.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We actually have a very interesting\Npayload on there.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.33,0:06:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The students like to have fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.04,0:06:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It shows very interesting mobility,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.28,0:06:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here you can see that it's walking\Nover a structured terrain.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.46,0:06:56.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's little bit difficult to see,\Nin the videos over here,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.73,0:07:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's trying to walk\Non the coastal terrain, sandy area,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.14,0:07:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but depending on the moisture content\Nor the grain size of the sand
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.89,0:07:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the foot's soil sinkage model changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.71,0:07:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it tries to adapt its gait
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.43,0:07:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to successfully cross over\Nthese kind of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.16,0:07:14.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It also does some fun stuff,\Nas you can imagine.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.63,0:07:16.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We get so many visitors visiting our lab.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.95,0:07:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when the visitors come,\NMARS walks up to the computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.80,0:07:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,starts typing "Hello, my name is MARS.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.98,0:07:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to RoMeLa,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.27,0:07:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Robotics Mechanisms Laboratory\Nat Virginia Tech."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.20,0:07:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This robot is an amoeba robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.45,0:07:33.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we don't have enough time\Nto go into technical details,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.29,0:07:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll just show you some\Nof the experiments.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.94,0:07:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is some of the early\Nfeasibility experiments.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.51,0:07:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We store potential energy\Nto the elastic skin to make it move.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.86,0:07:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or use active tension cords\Nto make it move forward and backward.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.50,0:07:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've also been working with scientists\Nand engineers from UPenn
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.17,0:07:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up with a chemically\Nactuated version of this Amoeba robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.78,0:07:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do something to something,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.20,0:08:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just like magic, it moves. The blob.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.09,0:08:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called ChIMERA.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.11,0:08:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This robot is a very recent project.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.13,0:08:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called RAPHaEL.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.69,0:08:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Robotic Air Powered Hand\Nwith Elastic Ligaments.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.24,0:08:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a lot of really neat, very good\Nrobotic hands out there in the market.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.02,0:08:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is they're just too expensive,\Ntens of thousands of dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.42,0:08:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for prosthesis applications\Nit's probably not too practical,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.46,0:08:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's not affordable.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.21,0:08:25.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We wanted to go tackle this problem\Nin a very different direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.37,0:08:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of using electrical motors,\Nelectromechanical actuators,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.53,0:08:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're using compressed air.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.28,0:08:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We developed these\Nnovel actuators for joints.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.97,0:08:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is compliant.\NYou can actually change the force,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.37,0:08:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simply just changing the air pressure.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.49,0:08:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it can actually crush\Nan empty soda can.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.76,0:08:43.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can pick up very delicate objects\Nlike a raw egg,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.06,0:08:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in this case, a lightbulb.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.21,0:08:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The best part, it took only $200 dollars\Nto make the first prototype.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.95,0:08:53.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This robot is actually\Na family of snake robots
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.05,0:08:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we call HyDRAS,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.42,0:08:57.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hyper Degrees-of-freedom\NRobotic Articulated Serpentine.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.11,0:09:00.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one that you see over here -\Nyou can see it outdoors in the lobby
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.33,0:09:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we actually have a demo,\Nplease stop by during the break time.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.37,0:09:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a robot that can climb structures.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.49,0:09:07.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a HyDRAS's arm.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.49,0:09:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a 12 degrees of freedom robotic arm.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.49,0:09:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the cool part is the user interface.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.72,0:09:14.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cable over there,\Nthat's an optical fiber.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.55,0:09:16.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this student,\Nprobably the first time using it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.97,0:09:19.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but she can articulate\Nit many different ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.17,0:09:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for example in Iraq,\Nyou know, the war zone,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.56,0:09:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is roadside bombs.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.04,0:09:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Currently you send these remotely\Ncontrolled vehicles that are armed.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.77,0:09:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes really a lot of time\Nand it's expensive
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.08,0:09:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to train the operator\Nto operate this complex arm.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.51,0:09:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this case it's very intuitive;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.25,0:09:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this student, probably\Nhis first time using it,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.46,0:09:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing very complex manipulation tasks,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.48,0:09:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,picking up objects and doing manipulation,\Njust like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.81,0:09:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very intuitive.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.07,0:09:48.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this robot is currently\Nour star robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.63,0:09:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We actually have a fan club\Nfor the robot, DARwIn:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.84,0:09:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dynamic Anthropomorphic Robot\Nwith Intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.62,0:09:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you know, we are very interested\Nin human walking,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.04,0:10:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we decided to build\Na small humanoid robot.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.54,0:10:02.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was in 2004; at that time,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.35,0:10:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was something really revolutionary.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.33,0:10:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was more of a feasibility study:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.15,0:10:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What kind of motors should we use?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.82,0:10:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it even possible?\NWhat kinds of controls should we do?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.51,0:10:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this does not have any sensors.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.27,0:10:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's an open loop control.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.98,0:10:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For those who probably know,\Nif you don't have any sensors
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.74,0:10:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are any disturbances,\Nyou know what happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.13,0:10:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.95,0:10:24.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, based on that success,\Nthe following year
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.59,0:10:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we did the proper mechanical design
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.78,0:10:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,starting from kinematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.34,0:10:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thus, DARwIn I was born in 2005.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.96,0:10:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It stands up, it walks - very impressive.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.60,0:10:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, still, as you can see,\Nit has a cord, umbilical cord.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.80,0:10:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we're still using\Nan external power source
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.06,0:10:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and external computation.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.90,0:10:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in 2006, now it's really\Ntime to have fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.93,0:10:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's give it intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.49,0:10:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We give it all the computing power\Nit needs:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.56,0:10:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a 1.5 gigahertz Pentium M chip,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.19,0:10:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two FireWire cameras,\Nrate gyros, accelerometers,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.58,0:10:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four force sensors on the foot,\Nlithium polymer batteries.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.34,0:10:58.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now DARwIn II\Nis completely autonomous.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.96,0:11:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not remote controlled.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.76,0:11:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are no tethers. It looks around,\Nsearches for the ball,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.72,0:11:07.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looks around, searches for the ball,\Nand it tries to play a game of soccer,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.61,0:11:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,autonomously: artificial intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.54,0:11:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's see how it does.\NThis was our very first trial, and...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.19,0:11:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video): Spectators: Goal!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.100,0:11:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dennis Hong: So, there is actually\Na competition called RoboCup.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.17,0:11:24.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know how many of you\Nhave heard about RoboCup.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.75,0:11:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an international autonomous\Nrobot soccer competition.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.09,0:11:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the goal of RoboCup,\Nthe actual goal is,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.96,0:11:33.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the year 2050
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.88,0:11:37.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we want to have full size,\Nautonomous humanoid robots
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.94,0:11:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,play soccer against\Nthe human World Cup champions
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.90,0:11:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and win.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.94,0:11:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a true actual goal.\NIt's a very ambitious goal,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.52,0:11:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we truly believe that we can do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.73,0:11:49.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is last year in China.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.71,0:11:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were the very first team\Nin the United States that qualified
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.69,0:11:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the humanoid RoboCup competition.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.82,0:11:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is this year in Austria.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.94,0:11:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're going to see the action,\Nthree against three,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.66,0:12:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,completely autonomous.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.64,0:12:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There you go. Yes!
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.60,0:12:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The robots track and they
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.13,0:12:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,team play amongst themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.92,0:12:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very impressive.\NIt's really a research event
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.32,0:12:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,packaged in a more exciting\Ncompetition event.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.89,0:12:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you see over here,\Nthis is the beautiful
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.06,0:12:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Louis Vuitton Cup trophy.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.84,0:12:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is for the best humanoid,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.52,0:12:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we would like to bring this\Nfor the very first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.18,0:12:27.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the United States next year,\Nso wish us luck.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.42,0:12:28.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.63,0:12:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.12,0:12:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DARwIn also has a lot of other talents.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.04,0:12:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last year it actually conducted\Nthe Roanoke Symphony Orchestra
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.88,0:12:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the holiday concert.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.30,0:12:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the next generation robot,\NDARwIn IV,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.01,0:12:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but smarter, faster, stronger.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.35,0:12:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's trying to show off its ability:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.50,0:12:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm macho, I'm strong.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.76,0:12:54.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can also do some Jackie Chan-motion,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.15,0:12:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,martial art movements."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.00,0:12:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.31,0:13:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it walks away.\NSo, this is DARwIn IV.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.30,0:13:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, you'll be able\Nto see it in the lobby.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.33,0:13:05.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We truly believe this is going to be\Nthe very first
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.67,0:13:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,running humanoid robot\Nin the United States, so, stay tuned.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.45,0:13:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right. So I showed you some\Nof our exciting robots at work.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.31,0:13:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what is the secret of our success?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.46,0:13:16.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where do we come up with these ideas?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.28,0:13:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we develop these kinds of ideas?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.17,0:13:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We win awards after awards,\Nyear after year.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.50,0:13:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're actually running out of wall space\Nto put these plaques,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.56,0:13:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're staring to accumulate on the floor\Nhopefully we didn't loose any.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.97,0:13:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are just the awards\Nthat we won in 2007 fall
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.38,0:13:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from robotics competitions\Nand those kinds of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.98,0:13:33.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, really, we have five secrets.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.95,0:13:36.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First is: Where do we get inspiration?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.59,0:13:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where do we get this spark of imagination?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.63,0:13:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a true story, my personal story.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.56,0:13:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At night when I go to bed, 3 - 4 a.m.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.65,0:13:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I lie down, close my eyes,\Nand I see these lines and circles
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.16,0:13:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and different shapes floating around.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.98,0:13:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they assemble, and they form\Nthese kinds of mechanisms.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.84,0:13:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I think, "Ah this is cool."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.56,0:13:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, right next to my bed\NI keep a notebook,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.75,0:13:57.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a journal, with a special pen\Nthat has a light on it, LED light,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.89,0:14:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I don't want to turn on\Nthe light and wake up my wife.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.82,0:14:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I see this, scribble everything down,\Ndraw things, and I go to bed.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.16,0:14:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every day in the morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.71,0:14:08.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first thing I do\Nbefore my first cup of coffee,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.11,0:14:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before I brush my teeth,\NI open my notebook.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.29,0:14:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many times it's empty,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.86,0:14:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes I have something there -\Nsometimes it's junk
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.70,0:14:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but most of the time\NI can't even read my handwriting.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.26,0:14:19.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, 4 in the morning,\Nwhat do you expect, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.72,0:14:21.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I need to decipher what I wrote.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.61,0:14:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But sometimes I see\Nthis ingenious idea in there,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.82,0:14:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I have this eureka moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.58,0:14:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I directly run to my home office,\Nsit at my computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.10,0:14:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I type in the ideas, I sketch things out
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.02,0:14:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I keep a database of ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.71,0:14:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when we have these\Ncalls for proposals,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.18,0:14:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I try to find a match between\Nmy potential ideas and the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.32,0:14:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If there is a match\Nwe write a research proposal,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.62,0:14:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get the research funding in, and that's\Nhow we start our research programs.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.18,0:14:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just a spark of imagination\Nis not good enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.97,0:14:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we develop these kinds of ideas?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.04,0:14:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At our lab RoMeLa, the Robotics\Nand Mechanisms Laboratory,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.82,0:14:56.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have these fantastic\Nbrainstorming sessions.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.45,0:14:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we gather around,\Nwe discuss about problems
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.00,0:15:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and solutions to the problems\Nand talk about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.22,0:15:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But before we start\Nwe set this golden rule.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.44,0:15:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rule is:
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.86,0:15:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody criticizes anybody's ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.91,0:15:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody criticizes any opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.18,0:15:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is important, because many times\Nstudents, they fear
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.91,0:15:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they feel uncomfortable\Nhow others might think
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.66,0:15:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about their opinions and thoughts.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.76,0:15:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, once you do this, it is amazing
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.70,0:15:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the students open up.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.17,0:15:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have these wacky, cool,\Ncrazy, brilliant ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.30,0:15:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the whole room is just electrified\Nwith creative energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.78,0:15:32.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is how we develop our ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.87,0:15:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we're running out of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.42,0:15:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One more thing I want to talk about is,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.28,0:15:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, just a spark of idea\Nand development is not good enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.42,0:15:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a great TED moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.06,0:15:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it was Sir Ken Robinson, was it?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.99,0:15:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He gave a talk about how education
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.97,0:15:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and school kills creativity.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.30,0:15:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, actually, there are\Ntwo sides to the story.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.02,0:15:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there is only so much one can do
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.64,0:15:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with just ingenious ideas
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.52,0:15:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and creativity and good\Nengineering intuition.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.67,0:16:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to go beyond a tinkering,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.53,0:16:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you want to go beyond\Na hobby of robotics
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.65,0:16:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really tackle the grand challenges\Nof robotics
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.00,0:16:09.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through rigorous research\Nwe need more than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.57,0:16:11.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is where school comes in.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.53,0:16:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Batman, fighting against bad guys,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.82,0:16:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he has his utility belt,\Nhe has his grappling hook,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.34,0:16:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he has all different kinds of gadgets.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.35,0:16:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For us roboticists,\Nengineers and scientists,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.81,0:16:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these tools, these are the courses\Nand classes you take in class.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.67,0:16:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Math, differential equations.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.83,0:16:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have linear algebra, science, physics,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.74,0:16:32.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even nowadays, chemistry\Nand biology, as you've seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.59,0:16:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are all the tools that we need.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.90,0:16:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the more tools you have, for Batman,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.85,0:16:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more effective at fighting the bad guys,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.80,0:16:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for us, more tools to attack\Nthese kinds of big problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.51,0:16:44.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, education is very important.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.37,0:16:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, it's not about that,\Nonly about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.12,0:16:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You also have to work really, really hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.26,0:16:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I always tell my students,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.74,0:16:53.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Work smart, then work hard."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.83,0:16:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This picture in the back\Nthis is 3 in the morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.48,0:16:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I guarantee if you come\Nto your lab at 3 - 4 am
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.09,0:17:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have students working there,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.69,0:17:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not because I tell them to,\Nbut because we are having too much fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.86,0:17:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which leads to the last topic:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.46,0:17:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do not forget to have fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.37,0:17:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's really the secret of our success,\Nwe're having too much fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.61,0:17:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I truly believe that highest productivity\Ncomes when you're having fun,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.14,0:17:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's what we're doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.54,0:17:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, we're running out of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.12,0:17:20.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hopefully I'll have another chance\Nto talk to you about and introduce
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.51,0:17:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some other exciting robotics projects\Nthat we didn't have time to talk about.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.20,0:17:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a fully autonomous vehicle
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.27,0:17:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can drive into urban environments.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.20,0:17:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We won a half a million dollars\Nin the DARPA Urban Challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.08,0:17:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also have the world's very first
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.77,0:17:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vehicle that can be driven by the blind.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.68,0:17:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We call it the Blind Driver Challenge,\Nvery exciting.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.24,0:17:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And many, many other robotics projects\NI want to talk about.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.87,0:17:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There you go.\NGo out there, read a great book.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.53,0:17:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Get inspired, invent, work really hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.88,0:17:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stay in school.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.54,0:17:51.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Come up with cool ideas,\NI'll be happy to learn more about [them].
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.77,0:17:54.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shoot me an email, let's talk about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.11,0:17:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There you go. Thank you so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.07,0:17:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)