[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.14,0:00:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are two "MJC" (NT: an organism which promotes culture among young people) to welcome you tonight: the Saint-Just MJC, where you currently are
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.57,0:00:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Ménival MJC. We worked together on some debates because this is an important year
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.32,0:00:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politically speaking, as you know, and one of our calling
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.03,0:00:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to work on this, especially with young people,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.28,0:00:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try to initiate them... So we organize citizen debates.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.55,0:00:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is a first debate tonight. We wanted to shake things up.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.77,0:00:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is, I think, the purpose of MJC's, to compel people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.78,0:00:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to think out of the box; a place that tries to bring new ideas,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.92,0:01:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our funders don't really like it but we don't care.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.70,0:01:05.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I won't say more. Just know that we really enjoy debates here,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.100,0:01:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more and more, and I have said to many: "you are glad to be here,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.07,0:01:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you want to help prepare other debates,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.95,0:01:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are welcome. Have a good night !" - Thanks
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.29,0:01:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi ! Good evening to all of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.86,0:01:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I... You must know that... I'm currently on a pioneering work about the mess we are in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.95,0:01:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I feel like I have found, working with you,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.16,0:01:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is a collective work,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.85,0:02:04.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some kind of antidote to olligarchy... and I would like to
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.11,0:02:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,present it to you, but not too long
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.32,0:02:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to leave room for your objections, because this is then
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.45,0:02:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we progress the most. The inconvenient
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.06,0:02:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that when someone join the project without knowing anything about it
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.50,0:02:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there will be a lack of informations, \Nbut there's more and more stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.97,0:02:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the web, a lot of videos and texts
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.25,0:02:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come again and rework it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.18,0:02:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, the topic is democracy...\Ntrue democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.05,0:02:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It requires everyone to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.22,0:02:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not enough to listen some guy only once
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.89,0:02:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with ideas... "well, well, interesting."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.86,0:03:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea, to make things work well, \Nis that we appropriate
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.30,0:03:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the subjects I will talk to you about tonight,\Nand to do so
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.66,0:03:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it requires work, that is to say
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.66,0:03:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,read a little, and try by yourselves
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.32,0:03:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to explain to others, and when you're gonna\Nexplain to others,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.66,0:03:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will have objections,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.51,0:03:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at first objections will unseat you;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.36,0:03:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then, you have to work, \Nand you will become...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.32,0:03:29.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was gonna say invulnerable,\Nnot exactly, but...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.25,0:03:35.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will see that the objections\N- I will tell you which in a moment -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.32,0:03:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think it resist analysis
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.05,0:03:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But maybe tonight you will find\Nnew objections
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.82,0:03:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put me in trouble.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.92,0:03:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, maybe two words to present myself.\NI am a teacher in Marseille, France.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.12,0:04:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Six years ago, back in 2004-2005,\NI was still an elector,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.54,0:04:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a simple elector, asleep, passive,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.88,0:04:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unworried. I voted. I saw \Nit wasn't changing anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.99,0:04:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it didn't bother me, I was minding\Nmy small business, like everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.74,0:04:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in 2005, on the occasion of a debate\Nabout a referendum,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.40,0:04:31.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to remember this, the debate about\Nthe european anti-constitution...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.33,0:04:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't forget to say "anti-constitution",
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.47,0:04:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they called it constitution
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.17,0:04:45.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in fact european treaties are meant to destroy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.69,0:04:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,constitutions. They don't do what they were created for.\NWe're gonna talk about it later,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.72,0:04:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm gonna elaborate a bit; there isn't enough \Ntime tonight
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.81,0:04:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to talk about european institutions; it is another matter...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.51,0:05:03.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would require an entire evening, \Nso I will just raise it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.36,0:05:08.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway, it is on this occasion that I woke up\Nin 2005
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.32,0:05:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realized it was something very dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.39,0:05:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What is this thing ?!". And on the occasion of the debates,\Nsomething extraordinary happened to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.18,0:05:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wrote a text, put it online,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.44,0:05:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of people were doing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.81,0:05:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The text started to circulate, more and more,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.81,0:05:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I ended up receiving hundred of mails per day,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.73,0:05:38.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very moving, touching, \Nenthusiastic mails,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.43,0:05:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very happy mails, those who wrote it\Nwere happy
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.26,0:05:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have found, at last,\Na clear way of saying
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.64,0:05:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they couldn't formulate;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.80,0:05:50.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really a lot of happy,\Nvery enthusiastic mails,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.65,0:05:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that gave me a lot of energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.20,0:06:01.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then hundreds a day, for two months\NI received 12000 mails !
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.62,0:06:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot more than I could handle,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.40,0:06:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I spent entire nights to answer\Nto these people.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.34,0:06:07.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And among them there were people who\Ndidn't like me at all,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.79,0:06:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who thought i was an impostor, a liar...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.45,0:06:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some said I was a "trotskist submarin",\Nsome said
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.83,0:06:20.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"a far right submarin", \Nwell, a submarin, right.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.76,0:06:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these people were hurting me,\Nbecause I was just like everybody,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.57,0:06:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wasn't armed for that,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.18,0:06:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it just happened. And I tell you about this
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.62,0:06:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because later, when we will talk about\Nintitutions
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.60,0:06:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will see the athenians used \Nwhat has allowed me to improve.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.80,0:06:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What has made me change is the look \Nof others upon me
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.44,0:06:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the benevolent look of others\Nthat was saying:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.34,0:06:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Yes ! Keep up like that !"\NHumans are sensitive to that
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.90,0:06:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- and me too obviously - and the suspicious, \Nmalicious look
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.82,0:06:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of others, it motivates too, it's like \Nthe carrot and the stick.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.66,0:06:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Why does he say I'm a liar, an impostor,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.86,0:07:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why does he say I know nothing,\NI will prove him wrong."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.51,0:07:04.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a motivation too.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.46,0:07:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So with both motivations, I have started\Nto work like a madman,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.91,0:07:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and six years later I still haven't stopped.\NSo I have started reading a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.51,0:07:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So about what intellectual mechanism, to what avail ?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.57,0:07:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started with with one finding and I'll try to pick up
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.22,0:07:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the logical thread that led to my conclusions
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.46,0:07:29.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see if you end up on the same conclusions. So that you might be able to tell me:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.67,0:07:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hang on, there's something here that's not making sense, that doesn't fit in correctly..."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.42,0:07:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm counting on you to stop me if you feel that I'm saying something foolish or just wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.15,0:07:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Feel free to interrupt, by all means. It will be slightly more disorderly
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.66,0:07:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it'll be more alive. If you need to stop me, it doesn't bother me.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.76,0:07:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I started with... At the end of the debate on the treaty (NT: establishing a Constitution for Europe), we voted No
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.38,0:07:58.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on May 29th 2005, a date we should remember.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.100,0:08:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an important moment where we succeded in saying "No" in France,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.71,0:08:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when all the media, the newspapers, the TV show were pushing us to say "Yes",
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.81,0:08:12.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we'd be xenophobic, racists and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.71,0:08:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were... At least all the people who were saying "No" were ill treated by the media.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.23,0:08:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And despite that, we succeded in saying "No" because we actually talked a lot about it between us
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.16,0:08:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the details (NT: of the treaty), there were real and solid reasons to say "No".
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.11,0:08:33.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we, French, say "No" and comes the summer. Shall we work on something else? What do we do?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.55,0:08:38.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What people wrote to me drove me to carry on.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.33,0:08:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To carry on, because we had said "No", we had opposed the treaty,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.96,0:08:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that it's easier to be an opposition than to actually build something.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.35,0:08:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I started imagining... If it doesn't seem right,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.48,0:08:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if that Constitution wasn't good, and I could well see that the Constitution of 1958,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.55,0:08:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ours, of the 5th French Republic, was almost as bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.42,0:08:58.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"As bad", I can say that, the french canadians use it...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.15,0:09:02.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Constitution of 1958 is almost as horrible
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.32,0:09:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the European Constitution, just slightly less.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.73,0:09:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if these Constitutions are so wrong... I asked myself the following question:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.87,0:09:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Why was it written so badly?" And so my text
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.64,0:09:20.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had been read by many, in my fifth argument, I came to this important conclusion:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.43,0:09:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I beleive that if this European text was so bad
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.13,0:09:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's because those writting it should never have written it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.48,0:09:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that if the European Institutions are so bad
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.91,0:09:37.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's because the people who wrote them were ministers (NT: Secretaries of State)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.14,0:09:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that those ministers, we'll bring it up later on,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.38,0:09:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they are writing a Constitution,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.06,0:09:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are writing the rules that they should be fearing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.78,0:09:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the role of a Constitution is to weaken the influence of Power.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.03,0:09:51.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's to put fear in those who have Power. A Constitution is used to protect us
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.81,0:09:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against abuse of power. I have practiced law so that's what I learned in law school.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.29,0:10:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well...leanred... In truth, we don't exactly learn that in law.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.54,0:10:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We learn that a Constitution serves the purpose of organising powers,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.20,0:10:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to seperate powers, to protect. OK. We talk a bit about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.86,0:10:12.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we don't linger on the subject. We have many things to see
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.70,0:10:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Constitutional Law and in my opinion, we don't talk about this enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.54,0:10:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We should learn in kindergarten, then in primary school,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.67,0:10:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bash it in us, then in middle school and in high school,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.84,0:10:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then our whole life, we should learn this essential point,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.73,0:10:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is probably one of the most important mechanisms
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.38,0:10:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what I will tell you tonight:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.39,0:10:35.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What is, really, a Constitution? What is its' purpose?"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.52,0:10:41.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A Constitution is a superior text. We are at the bottom,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.32,0:10:45.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are base level citizens, the atoms of the social body,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.96,0:10:51.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we need to be able to organise ourselves, to pacify us,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.01,0:10:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to not fight amongst one another, we need
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.28,0:10:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,written rules that let us solve disputes
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.66,0:11:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that give us a reason not to fight. These rules are written
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.46,0:11:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by people that we place above us, a lawmaker for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.46,0:11:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the executive who will execute laws with the help of police, armed forces,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.48,0:11:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,judges. So these powers that are going to apply this law,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.49,0:11:18.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so these common rules, who pacify us, the people who produce or
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.59,0:11:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who apply this law; we accept, we, at the bottom,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.46,0:11:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we accept to have them above us, because it pacifies us.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.44,0:11:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK. Everyone gets it, I won't go further.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.84,0:11:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fact is, through law, we are less brutal.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.06,0:11:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the powers who will be... Alright, we are millions, but even if wh'n we're just thousands,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.87,0:11:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or tens' of thousands, we cannot writ law ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.86,0:11:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're just too many. So we need to delegate to some people the job to write this law.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.21,0:11:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need representatives to help us build,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.70,0:11:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to set in place the law to which we will submit.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.19,0:11:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these actors who are going to producte this law,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.37,0:12:02.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are at the same time very useful, but also very dangerous.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.03,0:12:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they respect the greater good (common interest), all is well.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.02,0:12:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if they don't respect the greater good,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.44,0:12:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they start to pursue personal gain, or the interest of a group,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.28,0:12:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a cast, of a social class, or a party of citizens,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.60,0:12:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at that moment, all citizens are in danger of being abused by power.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.23,0:12:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this we know from start. Eve in Athens, at the time, they had a Constitution.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.52,0:12:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Constitution is a text that is above people,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.72,0:12:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,above these (political) actors, above parlement, above government,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.75,0:12:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,above judges but it must also be above media,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.72,0:12:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of banks... All those who have power.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.83,0:12:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Above that, we put a superior text called the Constitution,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.21,0:12:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which isn't a dusty old text
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.61,0:12:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we don't care about. It's a central text that we should know by heart,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.36,0:12:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we should defend. We should know
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.82,0:12:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the mechanisms of the Constitution to know what it's this is used for, what that is used for,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.26,0:13:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this part is a good one, that one doesn't look good but in truth
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.29,0:13:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's to balance that other one. We should know the mechanism
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.66,0:13:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- which shouldn't be too complicated because it needs to be in the reach of
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.51,0:13:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all to grasp - we should know the mechanism
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.74,0:13:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a Constitution because it is above people who are in power
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.66,0:13:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to protect us, to protect, us, of abuse of power.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.42,0:13:18.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you get it ? It's really important.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.32,0:13:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Constitution shouldn't be a formality. Not at all, really.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.96,0:13:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I had this in mind. I knew what a Constitution was for,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.49,0:13:37.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I had argued against for two, three months,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.74,0:13:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against this European Constitution that wasn't doing its' job.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.23,0:13:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't protect us and it doesn't protect us because it was written by people
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.86,0:13:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who have are interested in our impotency.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.36,0:13:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that was about the time that I started to tell myself:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.64,0:14:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Right, what do we put instead of this one ? What should be in an actual good Constitution ?"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.59,0:14:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I wrote a text, that was a starting point of a whole serie,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.83,0:14:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wrote a text that was called "The great principles of a good Constitution".
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.23,0:14:12.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I worked on it for the whole summer, a few months,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.46,0:14:16.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I published it. But that's when I noticed I didn't have the interaction anymore
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.04,0:14:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all those people I had during those 2-3 months.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.16,0:14:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I discovered during those first 2-3 months of interaction, of referendum debate,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.56,0:14:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we never move forward as well as during a contradicting debate.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.52,0:14:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we are between us... Tonight, there's a good chance that
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.54,0:14:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll agree. So we probably won't progress as much as
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.60,0:14:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we had amongst us people who don't agree at all!
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.92,0:14:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even people we really don't like at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.08,0:14:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's less pleasant. Here, it'll be pleasant if we all agree,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.11,0:14:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we must understand that we'll progress less.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.36,0:14:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd even go as far as to say that we'll enclose ourselves in misleading directions without realising
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.98,0:15:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it is a wrong direction, because we didn't have the conflincting arguments.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.16,0:15:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is putting in the correct light all the ins
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.50,0:15:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and outs of a subject, which is precisely
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.81,0:15:10.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what a real democracy tries to set up. We'll talk about it later on.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.100,0:15:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I missed having that interaction so, in january 2006, I create my website.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.01,0:15:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really my work tool... I don't write books,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.31,0:15:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I have enormously written with you, I have quite a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.98,0:15:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on that website. So it has become interactive in 2006
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.36,0:15:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a forum to have discussion, argument by argument, of this text:
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.93,0:15:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The great principles of a good Democracy".
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.13,0:15:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I put: "The blank ballot must be respected."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.05,0:15:42.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So "The blank ballot must be respected," it's a starting point for a discussion with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.100,0:15:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say "you" in the generical sens, with the others.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.96,0:15:51.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so it's a starting point of the conversation and there was
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.68,0:15:54.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hundreds of pages on the blank ballot, very detailled
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.45,0:15:58.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explaining why we need the blank ballot,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.23,0:16:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we would make it work if we were the ones writing the Constitution,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.80,0:16:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what would we write for articles? So we had about 20 items,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.76,0:16:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20 points that were grand principles that were in my document.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.40,0:16:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But after that, it was "open" because you could, you still can,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.38,0:16:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,create new discussions, new threads of comments on the institutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.85,0:16:25.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for example, in 2006, quite rapidly
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.21,0:16:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came André-Jacques Holbecq who became a friend
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.98,0:16:32.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who created a thread on the forum: "In the Constitution,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.43,0:16:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we should take back the power over money." (NT: creation of money)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.28,0:16:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It became one of the main threads. There must around 200 discussion threads on the forum.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.58,0:16:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's quite a large object but you must take it thread by thread and...
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.80,0:16:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alright, it's a lot of work to keep us busy, but it's exciting.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.44,0:16:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On every thread, we talk about the things that concern you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.46,0:16:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We talk about our concerns. We talk about things that interest us a lot more than soccer
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.21,0:16:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or rugby. I mean...
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.86,0:17:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... that are much more able to change our life,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.31,0:17:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a comfortable and mutual respectful sens, by taking pleasure in taking care of common affairs
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.72,0:17:12.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than imposed subjects that hear about in the medias.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.12,0:17:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's large, but it's interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.14,0:17:21.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On this forum, we have conversation themes
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.49,0:17:24.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we discuss directly the aspects of the Constitution.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.78,0:17:28.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in a second part, we have a "Wiki".
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.49,0:17:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's another technology, the Wiki, you can all write on it,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.26,0:17:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's a part reserved to the Constitution. The difference is that here we have articles.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.56,0:17:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a place where we can really write the Constitution.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.37,0:17:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We write those articles. So first, we debate on the forum,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.92,0:17:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,point by point, and when we're sure: "There, we've done it,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.06,0:17:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we understood what we want in a citizen initiated referendum,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.14,0:17:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we understood what we want on judges' responsability,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.31,0:17:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we understood what we want on seperation of power,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.29,0:17:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we understood what we want on journalists: what are we going to do for journalists
Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.56,0:18:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what do we plan in the Constitution concerning journalists."
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.41,0:18:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the forum, we set down what we wanted and then on the Wiki
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.42,0:18:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we write the articles. So there's a common base,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.69,0:18:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is a shared Constitution on the Wiki that is the result
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.82,0:18:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of almost all that we've said. It's a synthesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.74,0:18:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, there are parts where you can create your own page.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.96,0:18:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you create an account on the Wiki, you can write your own page.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.61,0:18:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At start with just a couple articles, but these articles
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.64,0:18:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that seem the most important for you and then it grows
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.64,0:18:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you add your elements. When you signal to me that it's has become something
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.36,0:18:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you are in need for confrontation
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.81,0:18:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the opinion of others to progress, I add a link to your page
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.82,0:18:43.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the left hand menu. You'll see in the menu on the left
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.96,0:18:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there are some Constitutions of guys who have put a lot of effort
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.79,0:18:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to think on projects that are sincerly interesting.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.98,0:18:54.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The forum and the Wiki are interactive objects. Start to think on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.39,0:18:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there is a third part which is a blog.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.13,0:19:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a technology you probably already know about
Dialogue: 0,0:19:00.12,0:19:04.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since there are many on Internet. This blog is dedicated to everything that is related to the subject
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.76,0:19:08.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but isn't really in the Constitution directly but that is linked. For example: Economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.73,0:19:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many important things, many important subjects on economy,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.21,0:19:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in philosophy, in sociology, in history. So points that aren't specificly institutional,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.69,0:19:21.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still very interesting to understand reality,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:21.58,0:19:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,powers in place and abuse of power. Concerning power and abuse of power,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.67,0:19:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I talk about it on the blog, for example. So, the history of power, the history of abuse of power,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.67,0:19:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of resistance against abuse of power and all that goes inside the blog. So to be short!
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.76,0:19:40.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually...I keep saying that I'll be brief but I'm just incapable of keeping it short...
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.28,0:19:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I need to go quicker. I have built this tool that let's us, together,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.04,0:19:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think correctly about what should go in the Constitution,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.28,0:19:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what are the weaknesses of the current Constitutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.74,0:19:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not all about saying:
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.76,0:20:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The Constitution is bad, we want a good one". Here, we're writing it !