WEBVTT 00:00:49.379 --> 00:00:51.776 Arduino started as a project 00:00:52.079 --> 00:00:55.259 that we did at the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea... 00:00:55.736 --> 00:00:58.456 back in 2005 00:00:59.018 --> 00:01:02.776 But it has some roots in previous projects that we worked on 00:01:03.059 --> 00:01:07.339 Cause we wanted to make a tool for our students that was more 00:01:07.589 --> 00:01:11.339 modern that what was available on the market at the moment 00:01:11.589 --> 00:01:13.859 Specially because the tool that everybody was using, 00:01:14.109 --> 00:01:15.380 this thing called the BASIC Stamp, 00:01:15.630 --> 00:01:21.380 in Italy it was costing, at the time, about 76€, that's like 100$ 00:01:21.630 --> 00:01:23.179 so it was very expensive for the students 00:01:23.429 --> 00:01:25.339 They wouldn't do any... too much work 00:01:25.589 --> 00:01:27.779 because they didn't want to spend money on buying 00:01:28.029 --> 00:01:31.339 many boards that expensive, so what happened... 00:01:31.589 --> 00:01:33.979 we started to look at possible alternatives, and also we 00:01:34.229 --> 00:01:36.740 were working on Processing, the Processing language 00:01:36.990 --> 00:01:40.139 because Casey Reas, one of the founders, was one of the teachers 00:01:40.389 --> 00:01:43.339 in Ivrea, so we thought: "Why don't we try to figure out 00:01:43.589 --> 00:01:46.219 how to make Processing for the hardware?" So we worked with 00:01:46.570 --> 00:01:51.339 a student who did a thesis on the topic, and that produced a 00:01:51.589 --> 00:01:56.339 wiring platform. Hernando Barragán, a Colombian student, 00:01:56.589 --> 00:01:59.499 worked on it. And then after Hernando made Wiring 00:01:59.749 --> 00:02:02.859 we started to figure out how could we make the whole platform 00:02:03.109 --> 00:02:06.619 even simpler, even cheaper, even easier to use. 00:02:06.979 --> 00:02:10.980 And then we started to essentialy reimplement the whole thing 00:02:11.340 --> 00:02:14.860 as an open source project. We wanted it to be open source 00:02:15.110 --> 00:02:19.059 so that everybody could come and help, and contribute. 00:02:19.309 --> 00:02:22.620 Then we had another issue: that there was a lot of discussion 00:02:22.870 --> 00:02:27.140 about the school closing, so we decided: "OK, let's try 00:02:27.390 --> 00:02:30.539 to make this platform and open it up as much as possible." 00:02:30.789 --> 00:02:33.669 Then we stopped talking about what we would like to have 00:02:33.919 --> 00:02:35.589 and started talking about how to do it. 00:02:35.839 --> 00:02:39.069 And when we started talking about how to do it, Massimo 00:02:39.319 --> 00:02:41.309 had been experimenting with some technology, 00:02:41.559 --> 00:02:43.669 I had been experimenting with a different technology... 00:02:45.069 --> 00:02:51.028 We had a talk to decide what was best and I decided 00:02:51.278 --> 00:02:53.628 to try this technology Massimo had, 00:02:53.884 --> 00:02:57.789 because of its better compatibility 00:02:58.039 --> 00:02:59.809 with different OS. 00:03:00.829 --> 00:03:04.389 I checked the hardware, found a couple bugs, we fixed that, 00:03:04.789 --> 00:03:08.589 and well, we started making boards... 00:03:08.839 --> 00:03:10.789 I mean, the process from starting to seriously work on it 00:03:11.039 --> 00:03:13.989 to having a board was a mere two-day one. 00:03:14.949 --> 00:03:16.709 All the rest was software. 00:03:17.000 --> 00:03:20.340 While I was kind of in the middle of this I met with 00:03:20.699 --> 00:03:26.139 David Cuartielles, who started to sort of help me in the project, 00:03:26.389 --> 00:03:30.699 then became a major contributor, and then together we kind of made 00:03:30.949 --> 00:03:35.780 the first Arduino hardware; then we had David Mellis joining as 00:03:36.099 --> 00:03:40.620 a student to write the software, then Tom came in as an advisor, 00:03:40.870 --> 00:03:44.940 and finally then Gianluca came in as the person who was able 00:03:45.190 --> 00:03:48.819 to manufacture the board, that's how the team kind of formed, 00:03:49.080 --> 00:03:52.039 by adding people by their skills. 00:04:02.728 --> 00:04:06.809 We've been using Wiring boards and wanted to port 00:04:07.059 --> 00:04:11.408 a bunch of programs to a cheaper microprocessor, basically, 00:04:12.007 --> 00:04:17.608 to install in some installations; and I helped write like 00:04:17.858 --> 00:04:20.248 a lot of compatibility layers so that all the old programs 00:04:20.498 --> 00:04:25.688 could run in the new processor... And then just being in Ivrea 00:04:26.090 --> 00:04:29.128 and not wanting to spend too much time on my actual thesis 00:04:29.378 --> 00:04:31.400 I spent more and more time like working with Massimo 00:04:31.650 --> 00:04:33.349 and the other guys developing Arduino. 00:04:33.599 --> 00:04:36.120 I knew there was this development of this 00:04:36.837 --> 00:04:40.450 hardware equivalent to Processing. And I went over 00:04:40.700 --> 00:04:44.808 to Ivrea in June of 2005 to do a workshop with them on another 00:04:45.058 --> 00:04:48.527 subject, and they showed me the Arduino board at that point. 00:04:48.888 --> 00:04:51.888 And I looked at it and I said: "You know, this is great, and it 00:04:52.138 --> 00:04:54.248 definitely works for your school, works for my school too, but 00:04:54.498 --> 00:04:58.008 I think it could be a larger thing, and I think more people 00:04:58.258 --> 00:05:00.287 would want to use this." And Massimo said: "Well, that's good 00:05:00.537 --> 00:05:03.248 feedback, thanks." And then I went back to the States, 00:05:03.498 --> 00:05:05.969 and a couple weeks later they wrote to me and said: 00:05:06.219 --> 00:05:09.369 "You know, we want to go further with this, and we want to try and 00:05:09.619 --> 00:05:11.248 get it to the larger world. Do you want to join us 00:05:11.498 --> 00:05:14.568 as part of the team?" And I said "Yeah". And it was just... 00:05:14.818 --> 00:05:17.445 for me it was a case that this is a tool I could see 00:05:17.695 --> 00:05:20.489 using myself, and therefore I could believe in actually 00:05:20.739 --> 00:05:22.758 helping to get it out to a wider world. 00:05:23.087 --> 00:05:27.008 After the first prototyping there was the need, 00:05:27.287 --> 00:05:30.688 or the desire, to start manufacturing something 00:05:30.938 --> 00:05:35.969 in a more professional way, and in a more commercial way. 00:05:36.438 --> 00:05:42.128 because all the first example was mounted, was done just to make... 00:05:42.378 --> 00:05:47.926 to let them work. After Massimo and David decided 00:05:48.176 --> 00:05:51.847 and understood the prototype was working they needed to 00:05:52.097 --> 00:05:57.527 make a bigger batch. So we decided to work on 200 units 00:05:58.087 --> 00:06:02.888 and we made... I made a little redesign, a little 00:06:03.138 --> 00:06:06.087 design for manufacturing in order to produce them. 00:06:06.407 --> 00:06:11.568 It was a test; they agreed with their school 00:06:11.818 --> 00:06:17.328 the Interaction Design institute, and the K3 of Malmö, 00:06:17.578 --> 00:06:21.647 to buy 50 each. That was a good starting point; 00:06:21.897 --> 00:06:25.888 that means we will not lose all the money but at least 00:06:26.138 --> 00:06:31.008 half was coming back. The selling price was exactly 00:06:31.258 --> 00:06:36.328 what we paid; I think we earned 1€ for each board, that is 00:06:36.578 --> 00:06:40.527 nothing considering all the effort we put inside. 00:06:41.888 --> 00:06:47.167 But after some advertisement, after some speaking with friends, 00:06:47.527 --> 00:06:52.445 this movement started to move. And so we received the first 00:06:52.695 --> 00:06:57.207 call, our first customer, asking for one board, it was a friend 00:06:57.457 --> 00:07:00.296 of Massimo and David. But this was the beginning of something. 00:07:00.546 --> 00:07:04.587 A few months after meeting he said "Hey Nate SparkFun, you guys 00:07:04.837 --> 00:07:07.703 should carry this thing called Arduino." And I looked at it and 00:07:07.953 --> 00:07:11.703 at that time it was the through hole version, the RS-232 version, 00:07:11.953 --> 00:07:14.453 and I said "This looks very interesting" but I didn't really 00:07:14.703 --> 00:07:18.347 understand it. And... I hadn't wrapped my head around it. 00:07:18.597 --> 00:07:20.587 And so I said: "You know, Tom, I don't think it's for us, we don't 00:07:20.837 --> 00:07:22.825 really do kits, we're not sure how people are going to react 00:07:23.075 --> 00:07:26.669 to this" and so I decided against it. It was a few months 00:07:26.919 --> 00:07:29.287 later, six, seven months later, that Arduino came out with 00:07:29.537 --> 00:07:33.107 the full USB version, fully assembled and tested and 00:07:33.357 --> 00:07:35.087 ready to go, and Tom again came to ask and said: 00:07:35.337 --> 00:07:37.736 "Hey, SparkFun, you should really carry this." And I said 00:07:37.986 --> 00:07:40.186 "OK, well, I'm not really sure, you know, we'll bring in 20 00:07:40.436 --> 00:07:44.027 and see how they sell." And that was the first 20 out of 00:07:44.277 --> 00:07:46.145 about 40,000 at this point. 00:08:12.599 --> 00:08:15.039 The first time we heard about Arduino was 00:08:15.289 --> 00:08:19.549 when David Cuartielles came to an activity called 00:08:19.799 --> 00:08:23.320 "Thursdays at Medialab", which actually was 00:08:23.570 --> 00:08:27.860 the first session of that still ongoing activity. 00:08:28.110 --> 00:08:33.335 So he keeps talking about stuff and at the end, after 90 minutes 00:08:33.585 --> 00:08:37.297 of listening to all of David's tales, he says 00:08:37.547 --> 00:08:39.617 he's involved in this project, but it was a really 00:08:39.867 --> 00:08:44.018 small thing, you know? And I thought "At last! 00:08:44.268 --> 00:08:45.900 Come on, David, why wasn't this the first thing you said?" 00:08:49.000 --> 00:08:50.760 I want to talk to you about Arduino... 00:08:53.320 --> 00:08:58.240 Arduino is the last project, I finished it last week. 00:08:59.400 --> 00:09:01.640 I talked to Ivrea's technical director and told him: 00:09:01.900 --> 00:09:06.120 Wouldn't it be great to do something we can offer for free? 00:09:06.400 --> 00:09:08.880 - For free? - Yeah. 00:09:11.400 --> 00:09:14.400 And after that, well, we worked with Gustavo, and 00:09:14.650 --> 00:09:18.520 also kept in touch with David, and we 00:09:18.770 --> 00:09:23.880 organized an Arduino workshop in October 2005, 00:09:24.130 --> 00:09:26.640 which was one of the first Arduino workshops, 00:09:26.890 --> 00:09:30.600 if not the first one ever... 00:09:30.850 --> 00:09:35.817 On the last day David proposed creating some small prototypes. 00:09:36.067 --> 00:09:38.817 He called it "Bring your old junk and let's do something with it." 00:09:39.067 --> 00:09:42.760 That led to some quite interesting projects... 00:09:43.086 --> 00:09:46.197 And these people kept on doing small electronic 00:09:46.447 --> 00:09:49.447 instruments, small robots... 00:09:52.676 --> 00:09:55.824 At the time I was senior editor at MAKE, MAKE was only 00:09:56.074 --> 00:09:59.532 a couple years old, and I had heard about this Arduino project. 00:09:59.782 --> 00:10:02.543 And I saw it online and I said: "Well, a lot of people are 00:10:02.793 --> 00:10:04.906 starting to talk about this, I should check it out." 00:10:05.156 --> 00:10:07.984 And I got one of the boards and said "Whoa, this is fantastic, 00:10:08.234 --> 00:10:11.032 beginners are gona love this. It runs on Mac, it runs on PC, it 00:10:11.282 --> 00:10:13.661 runs on Linux... this is exactly what everyone wants." 00:10:13.911 --> 00:10:16.382 At the time a lot of people were using BASIC Stamps, were using 00:10:16.632 --> 00:10:20.185 all sorts of microcontrollers, and I come from using design 00:10:20.435 --> 00:10:22.743 tools like Flash and Processing, and I'm like "Oh, this is 00:10:22.993 --> 00:10:24.964 perfect, it's exactly what I think everyone's going to 00:10:25.214 --> 00:10:28.224 want." And this was in the beginning of when MAKE 00:10:28.474 --> 00:10:31.945 was starting to have a store, and so it took a little while 00:10:32.195 --> 00:10:34.782 and you know, it's very hard to do international money transfers. 00:10:35.032 --> 00:10:37.864 Basically we started selling Arduinos in MAKE right away, 00:10:38.114 --> 00:10:42.139 And then later on, when I started working with Limor, 00:10:42.389 --> 00:10:45.165 who's part of Adafruit, she's a founder, we also 00:10:45.415 --> 00:10:48.224 said right away "This is a fantastic tool for getting 00:10:48.474 --> 00:10:51.426 people doing the things that they want to do with electronics." 00:10:51.676 --> 00:10:53.984 Not necessarily learning everything first, but getting 00:10:54.234 --> 00:10:56.536 the application done, like I want something... I want 00:10:56.786 --> 00:11:00.264 my dress to blink. Very hard to do if you just want to learn 00:11:00.514 --> 00:11:02.984 electronics; with an Arduino you get that done in a few minutes. 00:11:22.160 --> 00:11:23.680 Just turn the confetti video... 00:11:25.720 --> 00:11:29.000 So this is sort like a demo bay. 00:11:29.250 --> 00:11:30.880 We have a number of our projects set up 00:11:31.130 --> 00:11:34.300 This was a project we did for a single night event 00:11:34.550 --> 00:11:37.500 that used Arduino as sensors 00:11:37.920 --> 00:11:40.680 and the way it works, we made these 00:11:40.930 --> 00:11:43.800 giant maracas that when you shake them, 00:11:44.800 --> 00:11:46.900 it creates this explosion of confetti, and 00:11:47.150 --> 00:11:49.850 in the original install it was on a giant sphere, but here... 00:11:50.840 --> 00:11:53.080 Each one of these has an accelerometer in it 00:11:53.330 --> 00:11:57.120 and a Bluetooth controller sending it to the computer 00:11:57.370 --> 00:11:59.200 and then we generate these graphics. 00:11:59.450 --> 00:12:01.360 And it's all related to an specific event 00:12:01.680 --> 00:12:04.200 where we wanted people to lighten up, it was at 00:12:04.450 --> 00:12:06.840 a cocktail party, and we wanted people to really let loose, 00:12:07.090 --> 00:12:11.760 and feel more free. 00:12:13.400 --> 00:12:18.040 And I wished to show you the Luminodes project over here... 00:12:20.480 --> 00:12:23.000 This was a project we did early on in the lab, 00:12:23.720 --> 00:12:27.160 thinking about networked lighting, 00:12:28.400 --> 00:12:31.960 and the way it works is there's sort of a family 00:12:32.210 --> 00:12:34.920 of lights, and the main light here, you pick it up 00:12:35.170 --> 00:12:37.600 and you can sort of tune the color by twisting it. 00:12:38.600 --> 00:12:43.560 It will set the color, and these others are sort of children... 00:12:43.810 --> 00:12:46.120 As the user plays with them they all sort of come into sync. 00:12:46.800 --> 00:12:50.400 So we're really into social relationships that people create 00:12:50.650 --> 00:12:52.480 through technology. So in this case it was 00:12:52.730 --> 00:12:54.850 sort of syncing a number of people up who were all 00:12:55.100 --> 00:12:57.600 using the same thing. And then we extended it out to 00:12:57.850 --> 00:12:59.350 use architectural scale lighting and 00:12:59.600 --> 00:13:01.140 and off-the-shelf lighting equipment. 00:13:02.046 --> 00:13:04.317 The very first thing I tried to do with an Arduino 00:13:04.567 --> 00:13:08.197 was to run a 3D printer on an Arduino. Which... 00:13:08.447 --> 00:13:10.916 I probably should have started out with something simpler, 00:13:11.166 --> 00:13:14.296 because it was really difficult, and I didn't know anything 00:13:14.546 --> 00:13:18.846 about electronics. It was just like stumbling blindly and trying 00:13:19.096 --> 00:13:23.637 to get it to work, but eventually I got it to work, and now 00:13:23.887 --> 00:13:27.835 we sell these MakerBot 3D printers which actually run on... 00:13:28.197 --> 00:13:30.450 There's multiple Arduinos in the machine. 00:13:30.700 --> 00:13:32.280 So this is a 3D printer, 00:13:32.530 --> 00:13:38.097 and what that means is it takes a 3D model from... you can 00:13:38.347 --> 00:13:40.936 download one from the internet, or design it yourself, or 00:13:41.186 --> 00:13:46.097 scan in a 3D model of an object; and then it prints with plastic, 00:13:46.347 --> 00:13:49.897 so this right here is a filament, and so what happens is 00:13:50.147 --> 00:13:54.176 this plastic is slowly pulled down into the extruder head here 00:13:54.426 --> 00:13:59.336 and when it's done you'll get a real object that is exactly 00:13:59.586 --> 00:14:01.420 what you wanted. So you have a digital 00:14:01.845 --> 00:14:06.240 file that you give it, and you basically say "make me one 00:14:06.545 --> 00:14:09.496 of this", you hit print, and this machine will make it for you. 00:14:09.746 --> 00:14:13.576 It will make one, or a hundred, or 1,000 of them if you want. 00:14:13.896 --> 00:14:18.138 Which is great, because there's all sorts of cool open source 00:14:18.388 --> 00:14:20.795 things that this will make for you. So you don't need to have 00:14:21.045 --> 00:14:24.616 a laser cutter, or a PCB fabrication thing to really 00:14:24.866 --> 00:14:27.576 participate in open source hardware. You can just design 00:14:27.826 --> 00:14:30.816 something, this will sit on your desk and print you out stuff. 00:14:32.776 --> 00:14:36.138 One of the things I really like about this is that this allows 00:14:36.388 --> 00:14:39.415 you to apply the idea of open source hardware to things 00:14:39.665 --> 00:14:42.696 that are very very basic, that you would not otherwise 00:14:42.946 --> 00:14:45.656 consider to be open source hardwares. So we have... 00:14:45.906 --> 00:14:48.055 There's an open source whistle, for example. 00:14:48.305 --> 00:14:51.857 There's an open source bottle opener... Over here on the wall 00:14:53.107 --> 00:14:56.217 we have a... right here, there's an open source coat hook. 00:14:56.467 --> 00:14:59.656 So we have a coat hook... this is open source hardware. 00:15:00.006 --> 00:15:03.217 There's a file on the internet you can download and 00:15:03.467 --> 00:15:05.576 if you have a 3D printer you can print out as many 00:15:05.826 --> 00:15:09.045 coat hooks as you want, and you don't have to pay anybody 00:15:10.336 --> 00:15:12.496 anything. If you want a bigger coat hook you can make it bigger. 00:15:12.896 --> 00:15:17.896 And it is just this wonderful idea that we can apply this idea 00:15:18.146 --> 00:15:21.616 of open source to all of these common everyday things 00:15:21.866 --> 00:15:24.217 that we use in our life, like... what we're trying to do is 00:15:24.467 --> 00:15:25.967 open source everything. 00:15:26.235 --> 00:15:29.696 What sort of can have been a crazy idea 10 years ago, 00:15:29.946 --> 00:15:33.616 are now... actually there's a path that we can take 00:15:33.866 --> 00:15:37.295 to get there. And people are starting to take it seriously. 00:15:37.795 --> 00:15:40.295 Open source hardware is a fantastic way to make sure 00:15:40.545 --> 00:15:42.696 other people can look at your designs and improve them. 00:15:42.946 --> 00:15:45.347 Open source hardware is a fantastic way so you don't have 00:15:45.816 --> 00:15:48.576 to answer e-mails of people asking "can they use something?" 00:15:48.826 --> 00:15:50.336 You've put the license out there, you've said... 00:15:50.586 --> 00:15:53.217 Open source hardware for us means you can take our stuff, 00:15:53.467 --> 00:15:55.347 you can do whatever you want with it... you just have to do 00:15:55.597 --> 00:15:58.415 the same thing we did: release it back, allow other people 00:15:58.665 --> 00:16:01.336 to do whatever they want with it and they can sell it as long as 00:16:01.586 --> 00:16:04.097 all the attribution, all the credits, all things that you've 00:16:04.347 --> 00:16:07.376 requested, are respected. And so far it's worked out great: 00:16:07.626 --> 00:16:09.996 If you look at Linux, it's a perfect example. If you look 00:16:10.246 --> 00:16:13.977 at Apache, all these things that run the web, it's all open source 00:16:14.227 --> 00:16:17.656 If you had to pay someone, or talk to someone, or license 00:16:17.906 --> 00:16:19.776 something every time you wanted to put up a website, 00:16:20.026 --> 00:16:22.996 we wouldn't have the fantastic world of information sharing 00:16:23.246 --> 00:16:26.246 we do. So I look at Arduino as a physical representation of 00:16:26.496 --> 00:16:28.138 all the great things you got with open source software, 00:16:28.388 --> 00:16:30.097 but now starting to happen in hardware. 00:16:30.350 --> 00:16:33.600 We will hit a level where people will be creating... 00:16:34.586 --> 00:16:37.280 people will be creating hardware on the same way that people 00:16:37.530 --> 00:16:40.040 were creating books after movable type became cheap and 00:16:40.290 --> 00:16:42.400 easy to replicate. And I really think that that's the level 00:16:42.750 --> 00:16:44.750 of the open source hardware revolution, as we are looking 00:16:45.000 --> 00:16:46.760 at something like a Gutenberg event, where movable type 00:16:47.010 --> 00:16:50.100 will change how people read, write and share information, only 00:16:50.350 --> 00:16:53.080 in this case it will be how we create and use physical objects. 00:16:54.115 --> 00:17:00.115 The idea behind having control over these physical objects 00:17:00.365 --> 00:17:04.944 and being able to manipulate them at will and not be afraid 00:17:05.194 --> 00:17:07.953 to take them apart, to see what's inside, to really 00:17:08.203 --> 00:17:11.232 know everything that's going on... That's something really 00:17:11.482 --> 00:17:12.982 behind the open source hardware for me, 00:17:13.232 --> 00:17:16.996 and something I'm really passionate about. 00:17:17.496 --> 00:17:20.034 You know, of course open source means that you are 00:17:20.284 --> 00:17:24.294 making it for the community at large, based on work 00:17:24.544 --> 00:17:26.476 that other people have done. So it's kind of like I'm 00:17:26.726 --> 00:17:30.636 taking one step up a ladder, and then I'm helping other people 00:17:30.886 --> 00:17:32.314 go further up the ladder. 00:17:32.564 --> 00:17:34.593 The current problem is that 00:17:34.843 --> 00:17:41.093 because of both standardisation and the patent system, 00:17:41.343 --> 00:17:44.756 a lot of people were left without the possibility 00:17:45.006 --> 00:17:48.035 of learning how things work; this ended up being 00:17:48.285 --> 00:17:51.394 possible only to a group of people: the hackers, 00:17:51.644 --> 00:17:54.936 whose technical knowledge allowed them... made them 00:17:55.186 --> 00:17:57.236 feel able of opening an electronic element to see 00:17:57.876 --> 00:18:02.718 what it had inside. And that's open source hardware for me: 00:18:02.968 --> 00:18:06.876 it means to once again be able to check 00:18:07.126 --> 00:18:09.436 what is inside of stuff, but in a way that is allowed, 00:18:09.686 --> 00:18:14.197 that is also ethically "right", 00:18:14.447 --> 00:18:17.316 legal, and that allows us to improve the educative methods. 00:18:17.566 --> 00:18:19.957 All things considered, what open hardware is for me 00:18:20.207 --> 00:18:22.747 is a system that makes people able to learn about the way 00:18:22.997 --> 00:18:25.447 things work in this world we live in, where there are 00:18:25.697 --> 00:18:28.556 more computers than people. So we need to 00:18:28.806 --> 00:18:30.997 understand how our stuff works, not only for being able 00:18:31.247 --> 00:18:33.046 to repair it, but also to understand how our own 00:18:33.296 --> 00:18:35.757 life works. And I thing that is really necessary nowadays. 00:18:36.316 --> 00:18:42.277 At the beginning, on the whole question of open source 00:18:42.527 --> 00:18:47.676 hardware versus open hardware, open source, it's still very 00:18:47.926 --> 00:18:53.876 a very complex situation, there's still not very defined standards 00:18:54.126 --> 00:18:57.638 or licenses or processes... For us at the beginning 00:18:57.888 --> 00:19:02.095 it was a specific need: we knew the school was closing, and we 00:19:02.345 --> 00:19:05.394 and we were afraid that lawyers would show up one day and say 00:19:05.644 --> 00:19:09.797 "Everything here goes into a box and gets forgotten about." 00:19:10.047 --> 00:19:12.995 So we thougt "OK, if we open everything about this, 00:19:13.245 --> 00:19:17.275 then we can survive the closing of the school." 00:19:17.525 --> 00:19:19.874 So that was the first step. Then we started to figure out 00:19:20.124 --> 00:19:24.236 that there was a way to get a very nice ecosystem of people 00:19:24.486 --> 00:19:27.295 participating and making extensions, making derivatives, 00:19:27.545 --> 00:19:30.990 and helping. And then our activity of talking to 00:19:31.240 --> 00:19:33.874 manufacturers, and making them to build things, 00:19:34.124 --> 00:19:37.634 became an interesting study on how there could be 00:19:37.884 --> 00:19:40.556 a business model that would apply to open source. 00:19:40.806 --> 00:19:44.919 For us it was really important, as a cultural space 00:19:45.169 --> 00:19:49.316 for experimentation, to try and apply the logic of 00:19:49.566 --> 00:19:52.237 free tools to the actual process of working. 00:19:52.487 --> 00:19:56.095 That was the idea behind "Interactivos?", a space 00:19:56.345 --> 00:19:58.278 where people could develop their own projects but where 00:19:58.528 --> 00:20:01.278 other people could also get involved in them 00:20:01.528 --> 00:20:03.997 as collaborators. Because the process is open for 00:20:04.247 --> 00:20:09.078 anyone to participate. That is, for us, a quite... 00:20:09.328 --> 00:20:15.394 how to say it, a strong relationship; we feel that 00:20:15.644 --> 00:20:20.278 we are always trying to get inspiration from something 00:20:20.528 --> 00:20:23.556 as surprising as all free software processes are, 00:20:23.806 --> 00:20:26.247 and in this case... we had never heard about the existance of 00:20:26.497 --> 00:20:31.797 "free hardware". So all started buzzing with possibilities 00:20:32.047 --> 00:20:35.115 that went in all kind of directions. 00:20:35.365 --> 00:20:38.797 I love open source hardware. I think everything should be 00:20:39.047 --> 00:20:41.997 that way. It's great for education, I like sharing 00:20:42.247 --> 00:20:44.919 what we've learned, and it's easy for the kids to find out 00:20:45.169 --> 00:20:49.037 more and it would be great if they could build their own things 00:20:49.698 --> 00:20:53.163 I did not learn microcontrollers until my 00:20:53.413 --> 00:20:55.806 middle years in college, til the end of college. 00:20:56.056 --> 00:20:59.968 And I was really blown away by how easy it was to use 00:21:00.218 --> 00:21:02.968 Arduino, namely, being the forerunner development board. 00:21:03.218 --> 00:21:09.144 I think, given the right series of events, and if Arduino and 00:21:09.394 --> 00:21:12.766 electronics could be taught in high school, I think there's a 00:21:13.016 --> 00:21:16.968 big future for not only engineers, but also artists. 00:21:17.566 --> 00:21:21.566 Also digital media interactive design people. If they can learn 00:21:21.816 --> 00:21:23.845 that in high school, imagine how much more they can do 00:21:24.095 --> 00:21:25.595 later in life. 00:21:57.000 --> 00:21:58.840 When the Arduino sends the signal, 00:21:59.640 --> 00:22:03.680 it controls exactly the same these two buttons would. 00:22:04.080 --> 00:22:06.320 This is made for recording and playing 00:22:06.570 --> 00:22:10.400 when you manually touch the keys. But if you put in 00:22:10.650 --> 00:22:12.800 opto-isolators, these two things here, 00:22:13.880 --> 00:22:18.760 you can bridge the keys through the controller 00:22:19.010 --> 00:22:22.640 and activate them with an electric signal that comes 00:22:22.890 --> 00:22:24.440 from the controller, that is programmed. 00:22:24.690 --> 00:22:27.200 That's why Arduino is so powerful, because 00:22:27.450 --> 00:22:29.840 you can control any machine that works... 00:22:30.095 --> 00:22:33.948 It is an amazing tool for giving young people 00:22:34.278 --> 00:22:39.037 this age get in contact with all those... 00:22:39.287 --> 00:22:44.634 an awful lot of realities they live in. 00:22:44.884 --> 00:22:49.556 First to get them to learn that the consumer side 00:22:49.806 --> 00:22:53.355 -this "use the remote with the machine" side- 00:22:53.605 --> 00:22:56.797 is not the only one; that it is possible to 00:22:58.394 --> 00:23:04.394 understand what's inside and get the control back. 00:23:04.644 --> 00:23:08.115 Because now all these kids have a huge amount of 00:23:08.365 --> 00:23:12.997 gadgets which they have no idea how they work at all. 00:23:14.095 --> 00:23:18.394 With Arduino you can get a small glimpse of how all this 00:23:18.644 --> 00:23:22.316 stuff works, show them some schematics that allow them to 00:23:22.566 --> 00:23:25.678 have a certain way of looking at all 00:23:25.928 --> 00:23:27.595 the technological world that is going to surround them. 00:23:27.845 --> 00:23:33.316 And it is also quite funny, can be used to teach electronics, 00:23:33.566 --> 00:23:37.556 to teach them how to think, it teaches them how to have 00:23:37.806 --> 00:23:39.845 less short-term projects and work as a team, 00:23:40.095 --> 00:23:43.595 how to participate in a community, get information... 00:23:45.237 --> 00:23:47.095 The potential for students when they're just learning 00:23:47.345 --> 00:23:49.394 how to use the computer, to learn how to make things 00:23:49.644 --> 00:23:53.355 with computers... to me that... that's powerful. 00:23:53.605 --> 00:23:56.478 And what that would actually mean long term 00:23:56.728 --> 00:24:02.728 for students with only 50$, be able to plug something 00:24:02.978 --> 00:24:04.756 into their computer and make something with it 00:24:05.006 --> 00:24:07.115 over and over and over again and then really share it... 00:24:07.997 --> 00:24:13.198 The type of creative community that can engender in young people 00:24:13.448 --> 00:24:17.835 to me I think that is... That's going to change everything, 00:24:18.085 --> 00:24:21.678 and I'm really excited to see what happens as it develops. 00:24:28.600 --> 00:24:31.790 Arduino has 120.000 users nowadays, 00:24:32.040 --> 00:24:35.595 or 130.000 users... I just count the number 00:24:35.845 --> 00:24:39.198 of sold boards. The traffic that we are now getting 00:24:39.450 --> 00:24:44.634 in our website is close to 15 million hits per month. 00:24:44.884 --> 00:24:49.198 Which means around 600.000 hits per day. 00:24:49.448 --> 00:24:53.997 That is knowing it is actively used in universities, 00:24:54.247 --> 00:24:56.237 also used by people who work on their personal projects... 00:24:56.487 --> 00:24:58.640 Now imagine it was to start being used 00:24:58.890 --> 00:25:00.520 in high school education. 00:25:04.000 --> 00:25:08.120 Its future will not be "technological", 00:25:08.920 --> 00:25:13.600 it will be quite more social; 00:25:14.400 --> 00:25:17.880 it will be some kind of big boom where a lot 00:25:18.130 --> 00:25:21.000 of people will start using it. 00:25:26.200 --> 00:25:29.080 I definitely see Arduino taking one path of 00:25:29.330 --> 00:25:32.120 being just very easy to use, even easier than it is now. 00:25:33.000 --> 00:25:35.920 So making it easier for beginners to get into it. 00:25:36.280 --> 00:25:39.520 All my favourite distortion pedals... a Big Muff... 00:25:40.240 --> 00:25:45.120 with my favourite microcontroller board, Arduino. 00:25:52.320 --> 00:25:55.800 The user base would get 10 or 20 times bigger. 00:25:57.440 --> 00:26:00.080 If all of a sudden these people started sharing 00:26:00.400 --> 00:26:04.800 their files on the network, it would just not support all that. 00:26:05.050 --> 00:26:06.680 It would just not work. 00:26:11.400 --> 00:26:13.200 Here's a robot. 00:26:13.600 --> 00:26:17.600 If I tilt, you see the light goes left... I go up... 00:26:18.250 --> 00:26:21.080 I want Arduino to always be a tool that people 00:26:21.400 --> 00:26:25.800 who have no understanding of computers can look at 00:26:27.000 --> 00:26:32.560 and can get an understanding of how a computer works. 00:26:33.120 --> 00:26:36.600 But I sell this. So that's part of how I make my living. 00:26:37.560 --> 00:26:40.120 For this to keep working like it does ten years for now 00:26:40.370 --> 00:26:42.120 we need to be able to keep creating new hardware, 00:26:42.370 --> 00:26:44.440 we will need the continous feedback of the community, 00:26:44.690 --> 00:26:47.600 and to be able to include their changes and 00:26:47.850 --> 00:26:49.760 their proposals with all the necessary upgrades. 00:26:50.010 --> 00:26:53.560 And after those 10 years, I hope we have 00:26:53.810 --> 00:26:57.400 at least one Arduino computer... why not?