1
00:00:49,379 --> 00:00:51,776
Arduino started as a project

2
00:00:52,079 --> 00:00:55,259
that we did at the Interaction 
Design Institute Ivrea...

3
00:00:55,736 --> 00:00:58,456
back in 2005

4
00:00:59,018 --> 00:01:02,776
But it has some roots in previous 
projects that we worked on

5
00:01:03,059 --> 00:01:07,339
Cause we wanted to make a tool
for our students that was more

6
00:01:07,589 --> 00:01:11,339
modern that what was available
on the market at the moment

7
00:01:11,589 --> 00:01:13,859
Specially because the tool that
everybody was using,

8
00:01:14,109 --> 00:01:15,380
this thing called the BASIC Stamp,

9
00:01:15,630 --> 00:01:21,380
in Italy it was costing, at the 
time, about 76€, that's like 100$

10
00:01:21,630 --> 00:01:23,179
so it was very expensive 
for the students

11
00:01:23,429 --> 00:01:25,339
They wouldn't do any... 
too much work

12
00:01:25,589 --> 00:01:27,779
because they didn't want to
spend money on buying

13
00:01:28,029 --> 00:01:31,339
many boards that expensive,
so what happened...

14
00:01:31,589 --> 00:01:33,979
we started to look at possible
alternatives, and also we

15
00:01:34,229 --> 00:01:36,740
were working on Processing,
the Processing language

16
00:01:36,990 --> 00:01:40,139
because Casey Reas, one of the
founders, was one of the teachers

17
00:01:40,389 --> 00:01:43,339
in Ivrea, so we thought: "Why 
don't we try to figure out

18
00:01:43,589 --> 00:01:46,219
how to make Processing for the
hardware?" So we worked with

19
00:01:46,570 --> 00:01:51,339
a student who did a thesis on
the topic, and that produced a

20
00:01:51,589 --> 00:01:56,339
wiring platform. Hernando 
Barragán, a Colombian student,

21
00:01:56,589 --> 00:01:59,499
worked on it. And then after
Hernando made Wiring

22
00:01:59,749 --> 00:02:02,859
we started to figure out how
could we make the whole platform

23
00:02:03,109 --> 00:02:06,619
even simpler, even cheaper,
even easier to use.

24
00:02:06,979 --> 00:02:10,980
And then we started to essentialy
reimplement the whole thing

25
00:02:11,340 --> 00:02:14,860
as an open source project. We
wanted it to be open source

26
00:02:15,110 --> 00:02:19,059
so that everybody could come
and help, and contribute.

27
00:02:19,309 --> 00:02:22,620
Then we had another issue: that
there was a lot of discussion

28
00:02:22,870 --> 00:02:27,140
about the school closing, so
we decided: "OK, let's try

29
00:02:27,390 --> 00:02:30,539
to make this platform and open
it up as much as possible."

30
00:02:30,789 --> 00:02:33,669
Then we stopped talking about
what we would like to have

31
00:02:33,919 --> 00:02:35,589
and started talking about
how to do it.

32
00:02:35,839 --> 00:02:39,069
And when we started talking
about how to do it, Massimo

33
00:02:39,319 --> 00:02:41,309
had been experimenting
with some technology,

34
00:02:41,559 --> 00:02:43,669
I had been experimenting
with a different technology...

35
00:02:45,069 --> 00:02:51,028
We had a talk to decide
what was best and I decided

36
00:02:51,278 --> 00:02:53,628
to try this technology
Massimo had,

37
00:02:53,884 --> 00:02:57,789
because of its
better compatibility

38
00:02:58,039 --> 00:02:59,809
with different OS.

39
00:03:00,829 --> 00:03:04,389
I checked the hardware, found
a couple bugs, we fixed that,

40
00:03:04,789 --> 00:03:08,589
and well, we started
making boards...

41
00:03:08,839 --> 00:03:10,789
I mean, the process from starting
to seriously work on it

42
00:03:11,039 --> 00:03:13,989
to having a board was
a mere two-day one.

43
00:03:14,949 --> 00:03:16,709
All the rest was software.

44
00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:20,340
While I was kind of in
the middle of this I met with

45
00:03:20,699 --> 00:03:26,139
David Cuartielles, who started to
sort of help me in the project,

46
00:03:26,389 --> 00:03:30,699
then became a major contributor,
and then together we kind of made

47
00:03:30,949 --> 00:03:35,780
the first Arduino hardware; then
we had David Mellis joining as

48
00:03:36,099 --> 00:03:40,620
a student to write the software,
then Tom came in as an advisor,

49
00:03:40,870 --> 00:03:44,940
and finally then Gianluca came
in as the person who was able

50
00:03:45,190 --> 00:03:48,819
to manufacture the board, that's 
how the team kind of formed,

51
00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:52,039
by adding people by their skills.

52
00:04:02,728 --> 00:04:06,809
We've been using Wiring boards
and wanted to port

53
00:04:07,059 --> 00:04:11,408
a bunch of programs to a cheaper
microprocessor, basically,

54
00:04:12,007 --> 00:04:17,608
to install in some installations;
and I helped write like

55
00:04:17,858 --> 00:04:20,248
a lot of compatibility layers so
that all the old programs

56
00:04:20,498 --> 00:04:25,688
could run in the new processor...
And then just being in Ivrea

57
00:04:26,090 --> 00:04:29,128
and not wanting to spend too
much time on my actual thesis

58
00:04:29,378 --> 00:04:31,400
I spent more and more time like
working with Massimo

59
00:04:31,650 --> 00:04:33,349
and the other guys
developing Arduino.

60
00:04:33,599 --> 00:04:36,120
I knew there was 
this development of this

61
00:04:36,837 --> 00:04:40,450
hardware equivalent to
Processing. And I went over

62
00:04:40,700 --> 00:04:44,808
to Ivrea in June of 2005 to do a
workshop with them on another

63
00:04:45,058 --> 00:04:48,527
subject, and they showed me the
Arduino board at that point.

64
00:04:48,888 --> 00:04:51,888
And I looked at it and I said:
"You know, this is great, and it

65
00:04:52,138 --> 00:04:54,248
definitely works for your school,
works for my school too, but

66
00:04:54,498 --> 00:04:58,008
I think it could be a larger
thing, and I think more people

67
00:04:58,258 --> 00:05:00,287
would want to use this." And
Massimo said: "Well, that's good

68
00:05:00,537 --> 00:05:03,248
feedback, thanks." And then I
went back to the States,

69
00:05:03,498 --> 00:05:05,969
and a couple weeks later they
wrote to me and said:

70
00:05:06,219 --> 00:05:09,369
"You know, we want to go further
with this, and we want to try and

71
00:05:09,619 --> 00:05:11,248
get it to the larger world.
Do you want to join us

72
00:05:11,498 --> 00:05:14,568
as part of the team?" And I said
"Yeah". And it was just...

73
00:05:14,818 --> 00:05:17,445
for me it was a case that
this is a tool I could see

74
00:05:17,695 --> 00:05:20,489
using myself, and therefore I
could believe in actually

75
00:05:20,739 --> 00:05:22,758
helping to get it out
to a wider world.

76
00:05:23,087 --> 00:05:27,008
After the first prototyping
there was the need,

77
00:05:27,287 --> 00:05:30,688
or the desire, to start 
manufacturing something

78
00:05:30,938 --> 00:05:35,969
in a more professional way,
and in a more commercial way.

79
00:05:36,438 --> 00:05:42,128
because all the first example was
mounted, was done just to make...

80
00:05:42,378 --> 00:05:47,926
to let them work. After
Massimo and David decided

81
00:05:48,176 --> 00:05:51,847
and understood the prototype
was working they needed to

82
00:05:52,097 --> 00:05:57,527
make a bigger batch. So we
decided to work on 200 units

83
00:05:58,087 --> 00:06:02,888
and we made... I made a little
redesign, a little

84
00:06:03,138 --> 00:06:06,087
design for manufacturing
in order to produce them.

85
00:06:06,407 --> 00:06:11,568
It was a test; they agreed
with their school

86
00:06:11,818 --> 00:06:17,328
the Interaction Design institute,
and the K3 of Malmö,

87
00:06:17,578 --> 00:06:21,647
to buy 50 each. That was a
good starting point;

88
00:06:21,897 --> 00:06:25,888
that means we will not lose
all the money but at least

89
00:06:26,138 --> 00:06:31,008
half was coming back. The
selling price was exactly

90
00:06:31,258 --> 00:06:36,328
what we paid; I think we earned
1€ for each board, that is

91
00:06:36,578 --> 00:06:40,527
nothing considering all the
effort we put inside.

92
00:06:41,888 --> 00:06:47,167
But after some advertisement,
after some speaking with friends,

93
00:06:47,527 --> 00:06:52,445
this movement started to move.
And so we received the first

94
00:06:52,695 --> 00:06:57,207
call, our first customer, asking
for one board, it was a friend

95
00:06:57,457 --> 00:07:00,296
of Massimo and David. But this
was the beginning of something.

96
00:07:00,546 --> 00:07:04,587
A few months after meeting he
said "Hey Nate SparkFun, you guys

97
00:07:04,837 --> 00:07:07,703
should carry this thing called
Arduino." And I looked at it and

98
00:07:07,953 --> 00:07:11,703
at that time it was the through
hole version, the RS-232 version,

99
00:07:11,953 --> 00:07:14,453
and I said "This looks very
interesting" but I didn't really

100
00:07:14,703 --> 00:07:18,347
understand it. And... I hadn't
wrapped my head around it.

101
00:07:18,597 --> 00:07:20,587
And so I said: "You know, Tom,
I don't think it's for us, we don't

102
00:07:20,837 --> 00:07:22,825
really do kits, we're not sure
how people are going to react

103
00:07:23,075 --> 00:07:26,669
to this" and so I decided
against it. It was a few months

104
00:07:26,919 --> 00:07:29,287
later, six, seven months later,
that Arduino came out with

105
00:07:29,537 --> 00:07:33,107
the full USB version, fully
assembled and tested and

106
00:07:33,357 --> 00:07:35,087
ready to go, and Tom again
came to ask and said:

107
00:07:35,337 --> 00:07:37,736
"Hey, SparkFun, you should
really carry this." And I said

108
00:07:37,986 --> 00:07:40,186
"OK, well, I'm not really sure,
you know, we'll bring in 20

109
00:07:40,436 --> 00:07:44,027
and see how they sell." And
that was the first 20 out of

110
00:07:44,277 --> 00:07:46,145
about 40,000 at this point.

111
00:08:12,599 --> 00:08:15,039
The first time we heard
about Arduino was

112
00:08:15,289 --> 00:08:19,549
when David Cuartielles came
to an activity called

113
00:08:19,799 --> 00:08:23,320
"Thursdays at Medialab", 
which actually was

114
00:08:23,570 --> 00:08:27,860
the first session of that
still ongoing activity.

115
00:08:28,110 --> 00:08:33,335
So he keeps talking about stuff
and at the end, after 90 minutes

116
00:08:33,585 --> 00:08:37,297
of listening to all of
David's tales, he says

117
00:08:37,547 --> 00:08:39,617
he's involved in this
project, but it was a really

118
00:08:39,867 --> 00:08:44,018
small thing, you know?
And I thought "At last!

119
00:08:44,268 --> 00:08:45,900
Come on, David, why wasn't
this the first thing you said?"

120
00:08:49,000 --> 00:08:50,760
I want to talk to you
about Arduino...

121
00:08:53,320 --> 00:08:58,240
Arduino is the last project,
I finished it last week.

122
00:08:59,400 --> 00:09:01,640
I talked to Ivrea's technical
director and told him:

123
00:09:01,900 --> 00:09:06,120
Wouldn't it be great to do
something we can offer for free?

124
00:09:06,400 --> 00:09:08,880
- For free?
- Yeah.

125
00:09:11,400 --> 00:09:14,400
And after that, well, we
worked with Gustavo, and

126
00:09:14,650 --> 00:09:18,520
also kept in touch with
David, and we

127
00:09:18,770 --> 00:09:23,880
organized an Arduino
workshop in October 2005,

128
00:09:24,130 --> 00:09:26,640
which was one of the
first Arduino workshops,

129
00:09:26,890 --> 00:09:30,600
if not the first one ever...

130
00:09:30,850 --> 00:09:35,817
On the last day David proposed
creating some small prototypes.

131
00:09:36,067 --> 00:09:38,817
He called it "Bring your old junk
and let's do something with it."

132
00:09:39,067 --> 00:09:42,760
That led to some quite
interesting projects...

133
00:09:43,086 --> 00:09:46,197
And these people kept on
doing small electronic

134
00:09:46,447 --> 00:09:49,447
instruments, small robots...

135
00:09:52,676 --> 00:09:55,824
At the time I was senior editor 
at MAKE, MAKE was only

136
00:09:56,074 --> 00:09:59,532
a couple years old, and I had
heard about this Arduino project.

137
00:09:59,782 --> 00:10:02,543
And I saw it online and I said:
"Well, a lot of people are

138
00:10:02,793 --> 00:10:04,906
starting to talk about this,
I should check it out."

139
00:10:05,156 --> 00:10:07,984
And I got one of the boards and
said "Whoa, this is fantastic,

140
00:10:08,234 --> 00:10:11,032
beginners are gona love this. It
runs on Mac, it runs on PC, it

141
00:10:11,282 --> 00:10:13,661
runs on Linux... this is exactly
what everyone wants."

142
00:10:13,911 --> 00:10:16,382
At the time a lot of people were
using BASIC Stamps, were using

143
00:10:16,632 --> 00:10:20,185
all sorts of microcontrollers,
and I come from using design

144
00:10:20,435 --> 00:10:22,743
tools like Flash and Processing,
and I'm like "Oh, this is

145
00:10:22,993 --> 00:10:24,964
perfect, it's exactly what I
think everyone's going to

146
00:10:25,214 --> 00:10:28,224
want." And this was in the
beginning of when MAKE

147
00:10:28,474 --> 00:10:31,945
was starting to have a store,
and so it took a little while

148
00:10:32,195 --> 00:10:34,782
and you know, it's very hard to
do international money transfers.

149
00:10:35,032 --> 00:10:37,864
Basically we started selling
Arduinos in MAKE right away,

150
00:10:38,114 --> 00:10:42,139
And then later on, when I
started working with Limor,

151
00:10:42,389 --> 00:10:45,165
who's part of Adafruit,
she's a founder, we also

152
00:10:45,415 --> 00:10:48,224
said right away "This is a
fantastic tool for getting

153
00:10:48,474 --> 00:10:51,426
people doing the things that they
want to do with electronics."

154
00:10:51,676 --> 00:10:53,984
Not necessarily learning
everything first, but getting

155
00:10:54,234 --> 00:10:56,536
the application done, like
I want something... I want

156
00:10:56,786 --> 00:11:00,264
my dress to blink. Very hard
to do if you just want to learn

157
00:11:00,514 --> 00:11:02,984
electronics; with an Arduino you
get that done in a few minutes.

158
00:11:22,160 --> 00:11:23,680
Just turn the confetti video...

159
00:11:25,720 --> 00:11:29,000
So this is sort like a demo bay.

160
00:11:29,250 --> 00:11:30,880
We have a number of our
projects set up

161
00:11:31,130 --> 00:11:34,300
This was a project we did
for a single night event

162
00:11:34,550 --> 00:11:37,500
that used Arduino as sensors

163
00:11:37,920 --> 00:11:40,680
and the way it works,
we made these

164
00:11:40,930 --> 00:11:43,800
giant maracas that when
you shake them,

165
00:11:44,800 --> 00:11:46,900
it creates this explosion
of confetti, and

166
00:11:47,150 --> 00:11:49,850
in the original install it was
on a giant sphere, but here...

167
00:11:50,840 --> 00:11:53,080
Each one of these has an
accelerometer in it

168
00:11:53,330 --> 00:11:57,120
and a Bluetooth controller
sending it to the computer

169
00:11:57,370 --> 00:11:59,200
and then we generate
these graphics.

170
00:11:59,450 --> 00:12:01,360
And it's all related to an
specific event

171
00:12:01,680 --> 00:12:04,200
where we wanted people
to lighten up, it was at

172
00:12:04,450 --> 00:12:06,840
a cocktail party, and we wanted
people to really let loose,

173
00:12:07,090 --> 00:12:11,760
and feel more free.

174
00:12:13,400 --> 00:12:18,040
And I wished to show you the
Luminodes project over here...

175
00:12:20,480 --> 00:12:23,000
This was a project we did
early on in the lab,

176
00:12:23,720 --> 00:12:27,160
thinking about networked
lighting,

177
00:12:28,400 --> 00:12:31,960
and the way it works is
there's sort of a family

178
00:12:32,210 --> 00:12:34,920
of lights, and the main light
here, you pick it up

179
00:12:35,170 --> 00:12:37,600
and you can sort of tune
the color by twisting it.

180
00:12:38,600 --> 00:12:43,560
It will set the color, and these
others are sort of children...

181
00:12:43,810 --> 00:12:46,120
As the user plays with them
they all sort of come into sync.

182
00:12:46,800 --> 00:12:50,400
So we're really into social
relationships that people create

183
00:12:50,650 --> 00:12:52,480
through technology.
So in this case it was

184
00:12:52,730 --> 00:12:54,850
sort of syncing a number
of people up who were all

185
00:12:55,100 --> 00:12:57,600
using the same thing. And
then we extended it out to

186
00:12:57,850 --> 00:12:59,350
use architectural
scale lighting and

187
00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:01,140
and off-the-shelf 
lighting equipment.

188
00:13:02,046 --> 00:13:04,317
The very first thing I tried
to do with an Arduino

189
00:13:04,567 --> 00:13:08,197
was to run a 3D printer on an
Arduino. Which...

190
00:13:08,447 --> 00:13:10,916
I probably should have started
out with something simpler,

191
00:13:11,166 --> 00:13:14,296
because it was really difficult,
and I didn't know anything

192
00:13:14,546 --> 00:13:18,846
about electronics. It was just 
like stumbling blindly and trying

193
00:13:19,096 --> 00:13:23,637
to get it to work, but eventually
I got it to work, and now

194
00:13:23,887 --> 00:13:27,835
we sell these MakerBot 3D
printers which actually run on...

195
00:13:28,197 --> 00:13:30,450
There's multiple Arduinos in
the machine.

196
00:13:30,700 --> 00:13:32,280
So this is a 3D printer,

197
00:13:32,530 --> 00:13:38,097
and what that means is it takes
a 3D model from... you can

198
00:13:38,347 --> 00:13:40,936
download one from the internet,
or design it yourself, or

199
00:13:41,186 --> 00:13:46,097
scan in a 3D model of an object;
and then it prints with plastic,

200
00:13:46,347 --> 00:13:49,897
so this right here is a filament,
and so what happens is

201
00:13:50,147 --> 00:13:54,176
this plastic is slowly pulled
down into the extruder head here

202
00:13:54,426 --> 00:13:59,336
and when it's done you'll get a
real object that is exactly

203
00:13:59,586 --> 00:14:01,420
what you wanted.
So you have a digital

204
00:14:01,845 --> 00:14:06,240
file that you give it, and you
basically say "make me one

205
00:14:06,545 --> 00:14:09,496
of this", you hit print, and this
machine will make it for you.

206
00:14:09,746 --> 00:14:13,576
It will make one, or a hundred,
or 1,000 of them if you want.

207
00:14:13,896 --> 00:14:18,138
Which is great, because there's
all sorts of cool open source

208
00:14:18,388 --> 00:14:20,795
things that this will make for
you. So you don't need to have

209
00:14:21,045 --> 00:14:24,616
a laser cutter, or a PCB
fabrication thing to really

210
00:14:24,866 --> 00:14:27,576
participate in open source
hardware. You can just design

211
00:14:27,826 --> 00:14:30,816
something, this will sit on your
desk and print you out stuff.

212
00:14:32,776 --> 00:14:36,138
One of the things I really like
about this is that this allows

213
00:14:36,388 --> 00:14:39,415
you to apply the idea of open
source hardware to things

214
00:14:39,665 --> 00:14:42,696
that are very very basic, that
you would not otherwise

215
00:14:42,946 --> 00:14:45,656
consider to be open source
hardwares. So we have...

216
00:14:45,906 --> 00:14:48,055
There's an open source
whistle, for example.

217
00:14:48,305 --> 00:14:51,857
There's an open source bottle
opener... Over here on the wall

218
00:14:53,107 --> 00:14:56,217
we have a... right here, there's
an open source coat hook.

219
00:14:56,467 --> 00:14:59,656
So we have a coat hook...
this is open source hardware.

220
00:15:00,006 --> 00:15:03,217
There's a file on the internet
you can download and

221
00:15:03,467 --> 00:15:05,576
if you have a 3D printer you
can print out as many

222
00:15:05,826 --> 00:15:09,045
coat hooks as you want, and
you don't have to pay anybody

223
00:15:10,336 --> 00:15:12,496
anything. If you want a bigger
coat hook you can make it bigger.

224
00:15:12,896 --> 00:15:17,896
And it is just this wonderful
idea that we can apply this idea

225
00:15:18,146 --> 00:15:21,616
of open source to all of these
common everyday things

226
00:15:21,866 --> 00:15:24,217
that we use in our life, like...
what we're trying to do is

227
00:15:24,467 --> 00:15:25,967
open source everything.

228
00:15:26,235 --> 00:15:29,696
What sort of can have been a
crazy idea 10 years ago,

229
00:15:29,946 --> 00:15:33,616
are now... actually there's a
path that we can take

230
00:15:33,866 --> 00:15:37,295
to get there. And people are
starting to take it seriously.

231
00:15:37,795 --> 00:15:40,295
Open source hardware is a
fantastic way to make sure

232
00:15:40,545 --> 00:15:42,696
other people can look at your
designs and improve them.

233
00:15:42,946 --> 00:15:45,347
Open source hardware is a
fantastic way so you don't have

234
00:15:45,816 --> 00:15:48,576
to answer e-mails of people
asking "can they use something?"

235
00:15:48,826 --> 00:15:50,336
You've put the license out
there, you've said...

236
00:15:50,586 --> 00:15:53,217
Open source hardware for us
means you can take our stuff,

237
00:15:53,467 --> 00:15:55,347
you can do whatever you want
with it... you just have to do

238
00:15:55,597 --> 00:15:58,415
the same thing we did: release
it back, allow other people

239
00:15:58,665 --> 00:16:01,336
to do whatever they want with it
and they can sell it as long as

240
00:16:01,586 --> 00:16:04,097
all the attribution, all the
credits, all things that you've

241
00:16:04,347 --> 00:16:07,376
requested, are respected. And
so far it's worked out great:

242
00:16:07,626 --> 00:16:09,996
If you look at Linux, it's a
perfect example. If you look

243
00:16:10,246 --> 00:16:13,977
at Apache, all these things that
run the web, it's all open source

244
00:16:14,227 --> 00:16:17,656
If you had to pay someone, or
talk to someone, or license

245
00:16:17,906 --> 00:16:19,776
something every time you wanted
to put up a website,

246
00:16:20,026 --> 00:16:22,996
we wouldn't have the fantastic
world of information sharing

247
00:16:23,246 --> 00:16:26,246
we do. So I look at Arduino as
a physical representation of

248
00:16:26,496 --> 00:16:28,138
all the great things you got
with open source software,

249
00:16:28,388 --> 00:16:30,097
but now starting to happen 
in hardware.

250
00:16:30,350 --> 00:16:33,600
We will hit a level where
people will be creating...

251
00:16:34,586 --> 00:16:37,280
people will be creating hardware
on the same way that people

252
00:16:37,530 --> 00:16:40,040
were creating books after
movable type became cheap and

253
00:16:40,290 --> 00:16:42,400
easy to replicate. And I really
think that that's the level

254
00:16:42,750 --> 00:16:44,750
of the open source hardware
revolution, as we are looking

255
00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:46,760
at something like a Gutenberg
event, where movable type

256
00:16:47,010 --> 00:16:50,100
will change how people read,
write and share information, only

257
00:16:50,350 --> 00:16:53,080
in this case it will be how we
create and use physical objects.

258
00:16:54,115 --> 00:17:00,115
The idea behind having control
over these physical objects

259
00:17:00,365 --> 00:17:04,944
and being able to manipulate them
at will and not be afraid

260
00:17:05,194 --> 00:17:07,953
to take them apart, to see
what's inside, to really

261
00:17:08,203 --> 00:17:11,232
know everything that's going
on... That's something really

262
00:17:11,482 --> 00:17:12,982
behind the open source 
hardware for me,

263
00:17:13,232 --> 00:17:16,996
and something I'm really
passionate about.

264
00:17:17,496 --> 00:17:20,034
You know, of course open source
means that you are

265
00:17:20,284 --> 00:17:24,294
making it for the community
at large, based on work

266
00:17:24,544 --> 00:17:26,476
that other people have
done. So it's kind of like I'm

267
00:17:26,726 --> 00:17:30,636
taking one step up a ladder, and
then I'm helping other people

268
00:17:30,886 --> 00:17:32,314
go further up the ladder.

269
00:17:32,564 --> 00:17:34,593
The current problem is that

270
00:17:34,843 --> 00:17:41,093
because of both standardisation
and the patent system,

271
00:17:41,343 --> 00:17:44,756
a lot of people were left
without the possibility

272
00:17:45,006 --> 00:17:48,035
of learning how things work;
this ended up being

273
00:17:48,285 --> 00:17:51,394
possible only to a group
of people: the hackers,

274
00:17:51,644 --> 00:17:54,936
whose technical knowledge
allowed them... made them

275
00:17:55,186 --> 00:17:57,236
feel able of opening an
electronic element to see

276
00:17:57,876 --> 00:18:02,718
what it had inside. And that's
open source hardware for me:

277
00:18:02,968 --> 00:18:06,876
it means to once again
be able to check

278
00:18:07,126 --> 00:18:09,436
what is inside of stuff,
but in a way that is allowed,

279
00:18:09,686 --> 00:18:14,197
that is also ethically "right",

280
00:18:14,447 --> 00:18:17,316
legal, and that allows us to
improve the educative methods.

281
00:18:17,566 --> 00:18:19,957
All things considered, what
open hardware is for me

282
00:18:20,207 --> 00:18:22,747
is a system that makes people
able to learn about the way

283
00:18:22,997 --> 00:18:25,447
things work in this world
we live in, where there are

284
00:18:25,697 --> 00:18:28,556
more computers than
people. So we need to

285
00:18:28,806 --> 00:18:30,997
understand how our stuff
works, not only for being able

286
00:18:31,247 --> 00:18:33,046
to repair it, but also to
understand how our own

287
00:18:33,296 --> 00:18:35,757
life works. And I thing that
is really necessary nowadays.

288
00:18:36,316 --> 00:18:42,277
At the beginning, on the whole
question of open source

289
00:18:42,527 --> 00:18:47,676
hardware versus open hardware,
open source, it's still very

290
00:18:47,926 --> 00:18:53,876
a very complex situation, there's
still not very defined standards

291
00:18:54,126 --> 00:18:57,638
or licenses or processes...
For us at the beginning

292
00:18:57,888 --> 00:19:02,095
it was a specific need: we knew
the school was closing, and we

293
00:19:02,345 --> 00:19:05,394
and we were afraid that lawyers
would show up one day and say

294
00:19:05,644 --> 00:19:09,797
"Everything here goes into a box
and gets forgotten about."

295
00:19:10,047 --> 00:19:12,995
So we thougt "OK, if we open
everything about this,

296
00:19:13,245 --> 00:19:17,275
then we can survive the
closing of the school."

297
00:19:17,525 --> 00:19:19,874
So that was the first step.
Then we started to figure out

298
00:19:20,124 --> 00:19:24,236
that there was a way to get a
very nice ecosystem of people

299
00:19:24,486 --> 00:19:27,295
participating and making
extensions, making derivatives,

300
00:19:27,545 --> 00:19:30,990
and helping. And then our
activity of talking to

301
00:19:31,240 --> 00:19:33,874
manufacturers, and making
them to build things,

302
00:19:34,124 --> 00:19:37,634
became an interesting study
on how there could be

303
00:19:37,884 --> 00:19:40,556
a business model that would
apply to open source.

304
00:19:40,806 --> 00:19:44,919
For us it was really important,
as a cultural space

305
00:19:45,169 --> 00:19:49,316
for experimentation, to try
and apply the logic of

306
00:19:49,566 --> 00:19:52,237
free tools to the
actual process of working.

307
00:19:52,487 --> 00:19:56,095
That was the idea behind
"Interactivos?", a space

308
00:19:56,345 --> 00:19:58,278
where people could develop
their own projects but where

309
00:19:58,528 --> 00:20:01,278
other people could also
get involved in them

310
00:20:01,528 --> 00:20:03,997
as collaborators. Because
the process is open for

311
00:20:04,247 --> 00:20:09,078
anyone to participate.
That is, for us, a quite...

312
00:20:09,328 --> 00:20:15,394
how to say it, a strong
relationship; we feel that

313
00:20:15,644 --> 00:20:20,278
we are always trying to get
inspiration from something

314
00:20:20,528 --> 00:20:23,556
as surprising as all free
software processes are,

315
00:20:23,806 --> 00:20:26,247
and in this case... we had never
heard about the existance of

316
00:20:26,497 --> 00:20:31,797
"free hardware". So all started
buzzing with possibilities

317
00:20:32,047 --> 00:20:35,115
that went in all kind
of directions.

318
00:20:35,365 --> 00:20:38,797
I love open source hardware.
I think everything should be

319
00:20:39,047 --> 00:20:41,997
that way. It's great for
education, I like sharing

320
00:20:42,247 --> 00:20:44,919
what we've learned, and it's
easy for the kids to find out

321
00:20:45,169 --> 00:20:49,037
more and it would be great if
they could build their own things

322
00:20:49,698 --> 00:20:53,163
I did not learn
microcontrollers until my

323
00:20:53,413 --> 00:20:55,806
middle years in college, til
the end of college.

324
00:20:56,056 --> 00:20:59,968
And I was really blown away
by how easy it was to use

325
00:21:00,218 --> 00:21:02,968
Arduino, namely, being the
forerunner development board.

326
00:21:03,218 --> 00:21:09,144
I think, given the right series
of events, and if Arduino and

327
00:21:09,394 --> 00:21:12,766
electronics could be taught in
high school, I think there's a

328
00:21:13,016 --> 00:21:16,968
big future for not only
engineers, but also artists.

329
00:21:17,566 --> 00:21:21,566
Also digital media interactive
design people. If they can learn

330
00:21:21,816 --> 00:21:23,845
that in high school, imagine
how much more they can do

331
00:21:24,095 --> 00:21:25,595
later in life.

332
00:21:57,000 --> 00:21:58,840
When the Arduino
sends the signal,

333
00:21:59,640 --> 00:22:03,680
it controls exactly the same
these two buttons would.

334
00:22:04,080 --> 00:22:06,320
This is made for
recording and playing

335
00:22:06,570 --> 00:22:10,400
when you manually touch
the keys. But if you put in

336
00:22:10,650 --> 00:22:12,800
opto-isolators,
these two things here,

337
00:22:13,880 --> 00:22:18,760
you can bridge the keys
through the controller

338
00:22:19,010 --> 00:22:22,640
and activate them with an
electric signal that comes

339
00:22:22,890 --> 00:22:24,440
from the controller,
that is programmed.

340
00:22:24,690 --> 00:22:27,200
That's why Arduino is
so powerful, because

341
00:22:27,450 --> 00:22:29,840
you can control any
machine that works...

342
00:22:30,095 --> 00:22:33,948
It is an amazing tool
for giving young people

343
00:22:34,278 --> 00:22:39,037
this age get in contact
with all those...

344
00:22:39,287 --> 00:22:44,634
an awful lot of realities
they live in.

345
00:22:44,884 --> 00:22:49,556
First to get them to learn
that the consumer side

346
00:22:49,806 --> 00:22:53,355
-this "use the remote
with the machine" side-

347
00:22:53,605 --> 00:22:56,797
is not the only one;
that it is possible to

348
00:22:58,394 --> 00:23:04,394
understand what's inside
and get the control back.

349
00:23:04,644 --> 00:23:08,115
Because now all these kids
have a huge amount of

350
00:23:08,365 --> 00:23:12,997
gadgets which they have
no idea how they work at all.

351
00:23:14,095 --> 00:23:18,394
With Arduino you can get a
small glimpse of how all this

352
00:23:18,644 --> 00:23:22,316
stuff works, show them some
schematics that allow them to

353
00:23:22,566 --> 00:23:25,678
have a certain way
of looking at all

354
00:23:25,928 --> 00:23:27,595
the technological world that
is going to surround them.

355
00:23:27,845 --> 00:23:33,316
And it is also quite funny,
can be used to teach electronics,

356
00:23:33,566 --> 00:23:37,556
to teach them how to think,
it teaches them how to have

357
00:23:37,806 --> 00:23:39,845
less short-term projects
and work as a team,

358
00:23:40,095 --> 00:23:43,595
how to participate in a
community, get information...

359
00:23:45,237 --> 00:23:47,095
The potential for students
when they're just learning

360
00:23:47,345 --> 00:23:49,394
how to use the computer, to
learn how to make things

361
00:23:49,644 --> 00:23:53,355
with computers... to me that...
that's powerful.

362
00:23:53,605 --> 00:23:56,478
And what that would
actually mean long term

363
00:23:56,728 --> 00:24:02,728
for students with only 50$,
be able to plug something

364
00:24:02,978 --> 00:24:04,756
into their computer and
make something with it

365
00:24:05,006 --> 00:24:07,115
over and over and over again
and then really share it...

366
00:24:07,997 --> 00:24:13,198
The type of creative community
that can engender in young people

367
00:24:13,448 --> 00:24:17,835
to me I think that is... That's
going to change everything,

368
00:24:18,085 --> 00:24:21,678
and I'm really excited to see
what happens as it develops.

369
00:24:28,600 --> 00:24:31,790
Arduino has 120.000
users nowadays,

370
00:24:32,040 --> 00:24:35,595
or 130.000 users...
I just count the number

371
00:24:35,845 --> 00:24:39,198
of sold boards. The traffic
that we are now getting

372
00:24:39,450 --> 00:24:44,634
in our website is close
to 15 million hits per month.

373
00:24:44,884 --> 00:24:49,198
Which means around
600.000 hits per day.

374
00:24:49,448 --> 00:24:53,997
That is knowing it is actively
used in universities,

375
00:24:54,247 --> 00:24:56,237
also used by people who work
on their personal projects...

376
00:24:56,487 --> 00:24:58,640
Now imagine it was to
start being used

377
00:24:58,890 --> 00:25:00,520
in high school education.

378
00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:08,120
Its future will not
be "technological",

379
00:25:08,920 --> 00:25:13,600
it will be quite more social;

380
00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:17,880
it will be some kind of
big boom where a lot

381
00:25:18,130 --> 00:25:21,000
of people will start
using it.

382
00:25:26,200 --> 00:25:29,080
I definitely see Arduino
taking one path of

383
00:25:29,330 --> 00:25:32,120
being just very easy to use,
even easier than it is now.

384
00:25:33,000 --> 00:25:35,920
So making it easier for
beginners to get into it.

385
00:25:36,280 --> 00:25:39,520
All my favourite distortion
pedals... a Big Muff...

386
00:25:40,240 --> 00:25:45,120
with my favourite 
microcontroller board, Arduino.

387
00:25:52,320 --> 00:25:55,800
The user base would get
10 or 20 times bigger.

388
00:25:57,440 --> 00:26:00,080
If all of a sudden these
people started sharing

389
00:26:00,400 --> 00:26:04,800
their files on the network,
it would just not support all that.

390
00:26:05,050 --> 00:26:06,680
It would just not work.

391
00:26:11,400 --> 00:26:13,200
Here's a robot.

392
00:26:13,600 --> 00:26:17,600
If I tilt, you see the light
goes left... I go up...

393
00:26:18,250 --> 00:26:21,080
I want Arduino to always
be a tool that people

394
00:26:21,400 --> 00:26:25,800
who have no understanding
of computers can look at

395
00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:32,560
and can get an understanding
of how a computer works.

396
00:26:33,120 --> 00:26:36,600
But I sell this. So that's part
of how I make my living.

397
00:26:37,560 --> 00:26:40,120
For this to keep working like
it does ten years for now

398
00:26:40,370 --> 00:26:42,120
we need to be able to keep
creating new hardware,

399
00:26:42,370 --> 00:26:44,440
we will need the continous
feedback of the community,

400
00:26:44,690 --> 00:26:47,600
and to be able to include
their changes and

401
00:26:47,850 --> 00:26:49,760
their proposals with all
the necessary upgrades.

402
00:26:50,010 --> 00:26:53,560
And after those 10 years,
I hope we have

403
00:26:53,810 --> 00:26:57,400
at least one Arduino
computer... why not?