0:00:49.379,0:00:51.776
Arduino started as a project

0:00:52.079,0:00:55.259
that we did at the Interaction [br]Design Institute Ivrea...

0:00:55.736,0:00:58.456
back in 2005

0:00:59.018,0:01:02.776
But it has some roots in previous [br]projects that we worked on

0:01:03.059,0:01:07.339
Cause we wanted to make a tool[br]for our students that was more

0:01:07.589,0:01:11.339
modern that what was available[br]on the market at the moment

0:01:11.589,0:01:13.859
Specially because the tool that[br]everybody was using,

0:01:14.109,0:01:15.380
this thing called the BASIC Stamp,

0:01:15.630,0:01:21.380
in Italy it was costing, at the [br]time, about 76€, that's like 100$

0:01:21.630,0:01:23.179
so it was very expensive [br]for the students

0:01:23.429,0:01:25.339
They wouldn't do any... [br]too much work

0:01:25.589,0:01:27.779
because they didn't want to[br]spend money on buying

0:01:28.029,0:01:31.339
many boards that expensive,[br]so what happened...

0:01:31.589,0:01:33.979
we started to look at possible[br]alternatives, and also we

0:01:34.229,0:01:36.740
were working on Processing,[br]the Processing language

0:01:36.990,0:01:40.139
because Casey Reas, one of the[br]founders, was one of the teachers

0:01:40.389,0:01:43.339
in Ivrea, so we thought: "Why [br]don't we try to figure out

0:01:43.589,0:01:46.219
how to make Processing for the[br]hardware?" So we worked with

0:01:46.570,0:01:51.339
a student who did a thesis on[br]the topic, and that produced a

0:01:51.589,0:01:56.339
wiring platform. Hernando [br]Barragán, a Colombian student,

0:01:56.589,0:01:59.499
worked on it. And then after[br]Hernando made Wiring

0:01:59.749,0:02:02.859
we started to figure out how[br]could we make the whole platform

0:02:03.109,0:02:06.619
even simpler, even cheaper,[br]even easier to use.

0:02:06.979,0:02:10.980
And then we started to essentialy[br]reimplement the whole thing

0:02:11.340,0:02:14.860
as an open source project. We[br]wanted it to be open source

0:02:15.110,0:02:19.059
so that everybody could come[br]and help, and contribute.

0:02:19.309,0:02:22.620
Then we had another issue: that[br]there was a lot of discussion

0:02:22.870,0:02:27.140
about the school closing, so[br]we decided: "OK, let's try

0:02:27.390,0:02:30.539
to make this platform and open[br]it up as much as possible."

0:02:30.789,0:02:33.669
Then we stopped talking about[br]what we would like to have

0:02:33.919,0:02:35.589
and started talking about[br]how to do it.

0:02:35.839,0:02:39.069
And when we started talking[br]about how to do it, Massimo

0:02:39.319,0:02:41.309
had been experimenting[br]with some technology,

0:02:41.559,0:02:43.669
I had been experimenting[br]with a different technology...

0:02:45.069,0:02:51.028
We had a talk to decide[br]what was best and I decided

0:02:51.278,0:02:53.628
to try this technology[br]Massimo had,

0:02:53.884,0:02:57.789
because of its[br]better compatibility

0:02:58.039,0:02:59.809
with different OS.

0:03:00.829,0:03:04.389
I checked the hardware, found[br]a couple bugs, we fixed that,

0:03:04.789,0:03:08.589
and well, we started[br]making boards...

0:03:08.839,0:03:10.789
I mean, the process from starting[br]to seriously work on it

0:03:11.039,0:03:13.989
to having a board was[br]a mere two-day one.

0:03:14.949,0:03:16.709
All the rest was software.

0:03:17.000,0:03:20.340
While I was kind of in[br]the middle of this I met with

0:03:20.699,0:03:26.139
David Cuartielles, who started to[br]sort of help me in the project,

0:03:26.389,0:03:30.699
then became a major contributor,[br]and then together we kind of made

0:03:30.949,0:03:35.780
the first Arduino hardware; then[br]we had David Mellis joining as

0:03:36.099,0:03:40.620
a student to write the software,[br]then Tom came in as an advisor,

0:03:40.870,0:03:44.940
and finally then Gianluca came[br]in as the person who was able

0:03:45.190,0:03:48.819
to manufacture the board, that's [br]how the team kind of formed,

0:03:49.080,0:03:52.039
by adding people by their skills.

0:04:02.728,0:04:06.809
We've been using Wiring boards[br]and wanted to port

0:04:07.059,0:04:11.408
a bunch of programs to a cheaper[br]microprocessor, basically,

0:04:12.007,0:04:17.608
to install in some installations;[br]and I helped write like

0:04:17.858,0:04:20.248
a lot of compatibility layers so[br]that all the old programs

0:04:20.498,0:04:25.688
could run in the new processor...[br]And then just being in Ivrea

0:04:26.090,0:04:29.128
and not wanting to spend too[br]much time on my actual thesis

0:04:29.378,0:04:31.400
I spent more and more time like[br]working with Massimo

0:04:31.650,0:04:33.349
and the other guys[br]developing Arduino.

0:04:33.599,0:04:36.120
I knew there was [br]this development of this

0:04:36.837,0:04:40.450
hardware equivalent to[br]Processing. And I went over

0:04:40.700,0:04:44.808
to Ivrea in June of 2005 to do a[br]workshop with them on another

0:04:45.058,0:04:48.527
subject, and they showed me the[br]Arduino board at that point.

0:04:48.888,0:04:51.888
And I looked at it and I said:[br]"You know, this is great, and it

0:04:52.138,0:04:54.248
definitely works for your school,[br]works for my school too, but

0:04:54.498,0:04:58.008
I think it could be a larger[br]thing, and I think more people

0:04:58.258,0:05:00.287
would want to use this." And[br]Massimo said: "Well, that's good

0:05:00.537,0:05:03.248
feedback, thanks." And then I[br]went back to the States,

0:05:03.498,0:05:05.969
and a couple weeks later they[br]wrote to me and said:

0:05:06.219,0:05:09.369
"You know, we want to go further[br]with this, and we want to try and

0:05:09.619,0:05:11.248
get it to the larger world.[br]Do you want to join us

0:05:11.498,0:05:14.568
as part of the team?" And I said[br]"Yeah". And it was just...

0:05:14.818,0:05:17.445
for me it was a case that[br]this is a tool I could see

0:05:17.695,0:05:20.489
using myself, and therefore I[br]could believe in actually

0:05:20.739,0:05:22.758
helping to get it out[br]to a wider world.

0:05:23.087,0:05:27.008
After the first prototyping[br]there was the need,

0:05:27.287,0:05:30.688
or the desire, to start [br]manufacturing something

0:05:30.938,0:05:35.969
in a more professional way,[br]and in a more commercial way.

0:05:36.438,0:05:42.128
because all the first example was[br]mounted, was done just to make...

0:05:42.378,0:05:47.926
to let them work. After[br]Massimo and David decided

0:05:48.176,0:05:51.847
and understood the prototype[br]was working they needed to

0:05:52.097,0:05:57.527
make a bigger batch. So we[br]decided to work on 200 units

0:05:58.087,0:06:02.888
and we made... I made a little[br]redesign, a little

0:06:03.138,0:06:06.087
design for manufacturing[br]in order to produce them.

0:06:06.407,0:06:11.568
It was a test; they agreed[br]with their school

0:06:11.818,0:06:17.328
the Interaction Design institute,[br]and the K3 of Malmö,

0:06:17.578,0:06:21.647
to buy 50 each. That was a[br]good starting point;

0:06:21.897,0:06:25.888
that means we will not lose[br]all the money but at least

0:06:26.138,0:06:31.008
half was coming back. The[br]selling price was exactly

0:06:31.258,0:06:36.328
what we paid; I think we earned[br]1€ for each board, that is

0:06:36.578,0:06:40.527
nothing considering all the[br]effort we put inside.

0:06:41.888,0:06:47.167
But after some advertisement,[br]after some speaking with friends,

0:06:47.527,0:06:52.445
this movement started to move.[br]And so we received the first

0:06:52.695,0:06:57.207
call, our first customer, asking[br]for one board, it was a friend

0:06:57.457,0:07:00.296
of Massimo and David. But this[br]was the beginning of something.

0:07:00.546,0:07:04.587
A few months after meeting he[br]said "Hey Nate SparkFun, you guys

0:07:04.837,0:07:07.703
should carry this thing called[br]Arduino." And I looked at it and

0:07:07.953,0:07:11.703
at that time it was the through[br]hole version, the RS-232 version,

0:07:11.953,0:07:14.453
and I said "This looks very[br]interesting" but I didn't really

0:07:14.703,0:07:18.347
understand it. And... I hadn't[br]wrapped my head around it.

0:07:18.597,0:07:20.587
And so I said: "You know, Tom,[br]I don't think it's for us, we don't

0:07:20.837,0:07:22.825
really do kits, we're not sure[br]how people are going to react

0:07:23.075,0:07:26.669
to this" and so I decided[br]against it. It was a few months

0:07:26.919,0:07:29.287
later, six, seven months later,[br]that Arduino came out with

0:07:29.537,0:07:33.107
the full USB version, fully[br]assembled and tested and

0:07:33.357,0:07:35.087
ready to go, and Tom again[br]came to ask and said:

0:07:35.337,0:07:37.736
"Hey, SparkFun, you should[br]really carry this." And I said

0:07:37.986,0:07:40.186
"OK, well, I'm not really sure,[br]you know, we'll bring in 20

0:07:40.436,0:07:44.027
and see how they sell." And[br]that was the first 20 out of

0:07:44.277,0:07:46.145
about 40,000 at this point.

0:08:12.599,0:08:15.039
The first time we heard[br]about Arduino was

0:08:15.289,0:08:19.549
when David Cuartielles came[br]to an activity called

0:08:19.799,0:08:23.320
"Thursdays at Medialab", [br]which actually was

0:08:23.570,0:08:27.860
the first session of that[br]still ongoing activity.

0:08:28.110,0:08:33.335
So he keeps talking about stuff[br]and at the end, after 90 minutes

0:08:33.585,0:08:37.297
of listening to all of[br]David's tales, he says

0:08:37.547,0:08:39.617
he's involved in this[br]project, but it was a really

0:08:39.867,0:08:44.018
small thing, you know?[br]And I thought "At last!

0:08:44.268,0:08:45.900
Come on, David, why wasn't[br]this the first thing you said?"

0:08:49.000,0:08:50.760
I want to talk to you[br]about Arduino...

0:08:53.320,0:08:58.240
Arduino is the last project,[br]I finished it last week.

0:08:59.400,0:09:01.640
I talked to Ivrea's technical[br]director and told him:

0:09:01.900,0:09:06.120
Wouldn't it be great to do[br]something we can offer for free?

0:09:06.400,0:09:08.880
- For free?[br]- Yeah.

0:09:11.400,0:09:14.400
And after that, well, we[br]worked with Gustavo, and

0:09:14.650,0:09:18.520
also kept in touch with[br]David, and we

0:09:18.770,0:09:23.880
organized an Arduino[br]workshop in October 2005,

0:09:24.130,0:09:26.640
which was one of the[br]first Arduino workshops,

0:09:26.890,0:09:30.600
if not the first one ever...

0:09:30.850,0:09:35.817
On the last day David proposed[br]creating some small prototypes.

0:09:36.067,0:09:38.817
He called it "Bring your old junk[br]and let's do something with it."

0:09:39.067,0:09:42.760
That led to some quite[br]interesting projects...

0:09:43.086,0:09:46.197
And these people kept on[br]doing small electronic

0:09:46.447,0:09:49.447
instruments, small robots...

0:09:52.676,0:09:55.824
At the time I was senior editor [br]at MAKE, MAKE was only

0:09:56.074,0:09:59.532
a couple years old, and I had[br]heard about this Arduino project.

0:09:59.782,0:10:02.543
And I saw it online and I said:[br]"Well, a lot of people are

0:10:02.793,0:10:04.906
starting to talk about this,[br]I should check it out."

0:10:05.156,0:10:07.984
And I got one of the boards and[br]said "Whoa, this is fantastic,

0:10:08.234,0:10:11.032
beginners are gona love this. It[br]runs on Mac, it runs on PC, it

0:10:11.282,0:10:13.661
runs on Linux... this is exactly[br]what everyone wants."

0:10:13.911,0:10:16.382
At the time a lot of people were[br]using BASIC Stamps, were using

0:10:16.632,0:10:20.185
all sorts of microcontrollers,[br]and I come from using design

0:10:20.435,0:10:22.743
tools like Flash and Processing,[br]and I'm like "Oh, this is

0:10:22.993,0:10:24.964
perfect, it's exactly what I[br]think everyone's going to

0:10:25.214,0:10:28.224
want." And this was in the[br]beginning of when MAKE

0:10:28.474,0:10:31.945
was starting to have a store,[br]and so it took a little while

0:10:32.195,0:10:34.782
and you know, it's very hard to[br]do international money transfers.

0:10:35.032,0:10:37.864
Basically we started selling[br]Arduinos in MAKE right away,

0:10:38.114,0:10:42.139
And then later on, when I[br]started working with Limor,

0:10:42.389,0:10:45.165
who's part of Adafruit,[br]she's a founder, we also

0:10:45.415,0:10:48.224
said right away "This is a[br]fantastic tool for getting

0:10:48.474,0:10:51.426
people doing the things that they[br]want to do with electronics."

0:10:51.676,0:10:53.984
Not necessarily learning[br]everything first, but getting

0:10:54.234,0:10:56.536
the application done, like[br]I want something... I want

0:10:56.786,0:11:00.264
my dress to blink. Very hard[br]to do if you just want to learn

0:11:00.514,0:11:02.984
electronics; with an Arduino you[br]get that done in a few minutes.

0:11:22.160,0:11:23.680
Just turn the confetti video...

0:11:25.720,0:11:29.000
So this is sort like a demo bay.

0:11:29.250,0:11:30.880
We have a number of our[br]projects set up

0:11:31.130,0:11:34.300
This was a project we did[br]for a single night event

0:11:34.550,0:11:37.500
that used Arduino as sensors

0:11:37.920,0:11:40.680
and the way it works,[br]we made these

0:11:40.930,0:11:43.800
giant maracas that when[br]you shake them,

0:11:44.800,0:11:46.900
it creates this explosion[br]of confetti, and

0:11:47.150,0:11:49.850
in the original install it was[br]on a giant sphere, but here...

0:11:50.840,0:11:53.080
Each one of these has an[br]accelerometer in it

0:11:53.330,0:11:57.120
and a Bluetooth controller[br]sending it to the computer

0:11:57.370,0:11:59.200
and then we generate[br]these graphics.

0:11:59.450,0:12:01.360
And it's all related to an[br]specific event

0:12:01.680,0:12:04.200
where we wanted people[br]to lighten up, it was at

0:12:04.450,0:12:06.840
a cocktail party, and we wanted[br]people to really let loose,

0:12:07.090,0:12:11.760
and feel more free.

0:12:13.400,0:12:18.040
And I wished to show you the[br]Luminodes project over here...

0:12:20.480,0:12:23.000
This was a project we did[br]early on in the lab,

0:12:23.720,0:12:27.160
thinking about networked[br]lighting,

0:12:28.400,0:12:31.960
and the way it works is[br]there's sort of a family

0:12:32.210,0:12:34.920
of lights, and the main light[br]here, you pick it up

0:12:35.170,0:12:37.600
and you can sort of tune[br]the color by twisting it.

0:12:38.600,0:12:43.560
It will set the color, and these[br]others are sort of children...

0:12:43.810,0:12:46.120
As the user plays with them[br]they all sort of come into sync.

0:12:46.800,0:12:50.400
So we're really into social[br]relationships that people create

0:12:50.650,0:12:52.480
through technology.[br]So in this case it was

0:12:52.730,0:12:54.850
sort of syncing a number[br]of people up who were all

0:12:55.100,0:12:57.600
using the same thing. And[br]then we extended it out to

0:12:57.850,0:12:59.350
use architectural[br]scale lighting and

0:12:59.600,0:13:01.140
and off-the-shelf [br]lighting equipment.

0:13:02.046,0:13:04.317
The very first thing I tried[br]to do with an Arduino

0:13:04.567,0:13:08.197
was to run a 3D printer on an[br]Arduino. Which...

0:13:08.447,0:13:10.916
I probably should have started[br]out with something simpler,

0:13:11.166,0:13:14.296
because it was really difficult,[br]and I didn't know anything

0:13:14.546,0:13:18.846
about electronics. It was just [br]like stumbling blindly and trying

0:13:19.096,0:13:23.637
to get it to work, but eventually[br]I got it to work, and now

0:13:23.887,0:13:27.835
we sell these MakerBot 3D[br]printers which actually run on...

0:13:28.197,0:13:30.450
There's multiple Arduinos in[br]the machine.

0:13:30.700,0:13:32.280
So this is a 3D printer,

0:13:32.530,0:13:38.097
and what that means is it takes[br]a 3D model from... you can

0:13:38.347,0:13:40.936
download one from the internet,[br]or design it yourself, or

0:13:41.186,0:13:46.097
scan in a 3D model of an object;[br]and then it prints with plastic,

0:13:46.347,0:13:49.897
so this right here is a filament,[br]and so what happens is

0:13:50.147,0:13:54.176
this plastic is slowly pulled[br]down into the extruder head here

0:13:54.426,0:13:59.336
and when it's done you'll get a[br]real object that is exactly

0:13:59.586,0:14:01.420
what you wanted.[br]So you have a digital

0:14:01.845,0:14:06.240
file that you give it, and you[br]basically say "make me one

0:14:06.545,0:14:09.496
of this", you hit print, and this[br]machine will make it for you.

0:14:09.746,0:14:13.576
It will make one, or a hundred,[br]or 1,000 of them if you want.

0:14:13.896,0:14:18.138
Which is great, because there's[br]all sorts of cool open source

0:14:18.388,0:14:20.795
things that this will make for[br]you. So you don't need to have

0:14:21.045,0:14:24.616
a laser cutter, or a PCB[br]fabrication thing to really

0:14:24.866,0:14:27.576
participate in open source[br]hardware. You can just design

0:14:27.826,0:14:30.816
something, this will sit on your[br]desk and print you out stuff.

0:14:32.776,0:14:36.138
One of the things I really like[br]about this is that this allows

0:14:36.388,0:14:39.415
you to apply the idea of open[br]source hardware to things

0:14:39.665,0:14:42.696
that are very very basic, that[br]you would not otherwise

0:14:42.946,0:14:45.656
consider to be open source[br]hardwares. So we have...

0:14:45.906,0:14:48.055
There's an open source[br]whistle, for example.

0:14:48.305,0:14:51.857
There's an open source bottle[br]opener... Over here on the wall

0:14:53.107,0:14:56.217
we have a... right here, there's[br]an open source coat hook.

0:14:56.467,0:14:59.656
So we have a coat hook...[br]this is open source hardware.

0:15:00.006,0:15:03.217
There's a file on the internet[br]you can download and

0:15:03.467,0:15:05.576
if you have a 3D printer you[br]can print out as many

0:15:05.826,0:15:09.045
coat hooks as you want, and[br]you don't have to pay anybody

0:15:10.336,0:15:12.496
anything. If you want a bigger[br]coat hook you can make it bigger.

0:15:12.896,0:15:17.896
And it is just this wonderful[br]idea that we can apply this idea

0:15:18.146,0:15:21.616
of open source to all of these[br]common everyday things

0:15:21.866,0:15:24.217
that we use in our life, like...[br]what we're trying to do is

0:15:24.467,0:15:25.967
open source everything.

0:15:26.235,0:15:29.696
What sort of can have been a[br]crazy idea 10 years ago,

0:15:29.946,0:15:33.616
are now... actually there's a[br]path that we can take

0:15:33.866,0:15:37.295
to get there. And people are[br]starting to take it seriously.

0:15:37.795,0:15:40.295
Open source hardware is a[br]fantastic way to make sure

0:15:40.545,0:15:42.696
other people can look at your[br]designs and improve them.

0:15:42.946,0:15:45.347
Open source hardware is a[br]fantastic way so you don't have

0:15:45.816,0:15:48.576
to answer e-mails of people[br]asking "can they use something?"

0:15:48.826,0:15:50.336
You've put the license out[br]there, you've said...

0:15:50.586,0:15:53.217
Open source hardware for us[br]means you can take our stuff,

0:15:53.467,0:15:55.347
you can do whatever you want[br]with it... you just have to do

0:15:55.597,0:15:58.415
the same thing we did: release[br]it back, allow other people

0:15:58.665,0:16:01.336
to do whatever they want with it[br]and they can sell it as long as

0:16:01.586,0:16:04.097
all the attribution, all the[br]credits, all things that you've

0:16:04.347,0:16:07.376
requested, are respected. And[br]so far it's worked out great:

0:16:07.626,0:16:09.996
If you look at Linux, it's a[br]perfect example. If you look

0:16:10.246,0:16:13.977
at Apache, all these things that[br]run the web, it's all open source

0:16:14.227,0:16:17.656
If you had to pay someone, or[br]talk to someone, or license

0:16:17.906,0:16:19.776
something every time you wanted[br]to put up a website,

0:16:20.026,0:16:22.996
we wouldn't have the fantastic[br]world of information sharing

0:16:23.246,0:16:26.246
we do. So I look at Arduino as[br]a physical representation of

0:16:26.496,0:16:28.138
all the great things you got[br]with open source software,

0:16:28.388,0:16:30.097
but now starting to happen [br]in hardware.

0:16:30.350,0:16:33.600
We will hit a level where[br]people will be creating...

0:16:34.586,0:16:37.280
people will be creating hardware[br]on the same way that people

0:16:37.530,0:16:40.040
were creating books after[br]movable type became cheap and

0:16:40.290,0:16:42.400
easy to replicate. And I really[br]think that that's the level

0:16:42.750,0:16:44.750
of the open source hardware[br]revolution, as we are looking

0:16:45.000,0:16:46.760
at something like a Gutenberg[br]event, where movable type

0:16:47.010,0:16:50.100
will change how people read,[br]write and share information, only

0:16:50.350,0:16:53.080
in this case it will be how we[br]create and use physical objects.

0:16:54.115,0:17:00.115
The idea behind having control[br]over these physical objects

0:17:00.365,0:17:04.944
and being able to manipulate them[br]at will and not be afraid

0:17:05.194,0:17:07.953
to take them apart, to see[br]what's inside, to really

0:17:08.203,0:17:11.232
know everything that's going[br]on... That's something really

0:17:11.482,0:17:12.982
behind the open source [br]hardware for me,

0:17:13.232,0:17:16.996
and something I'm really[br]passionate about.

0:17:17.496,0:17:20.034
You know, of course open source[br]means that you are

0:17:20.284,0:17:24.294
making it for the community[br]at large, based on work

0:17:24.544,0:17:26.476
that other people have[br]done. So it's kind of like I'm

0:17:26.726,0:17:30.636
taking one step up a ladder, and[br]then I'm helping other people

0:17:30.886,0:17:32.314
go further up the ladder.

0:17:32.564,0:17:34.593
The current problem is that

0:17:34.843,0:17:41.093
because of both standardisation[br]and the patent system,

0:17:41.343,0:17:44.756
a lot of people were left[br]without the possibility

0:17:45.006,0:17:48.035
of learning how things work;[br]this ended up being

0:17:48.285,0:17:51.394
possible only to a group[br]of people: the hackers,

0:17:51.644,0:17:54.936
whose technical knowledge[br]allowed them... made them

0:17:55.186,0:17:57.236
feel able of opening an[br]electronic element to see

0:17:57.876,0:18:02.718
what it had inside. And that's[br]open source hardware for me:

0:18:02.968,0:18:06.876
it means to once again[br]be able to check

0:18:07.126,0:18:09.436
what is inside of stuff,[br]but in a way that is allowed,

0:18:09.686,0:18:14.197
that is also ethically "right",

0:18:14.447,0:18:17.316
legal, and that allows us to[br]improve the educative methods.

0:18:17.566,0:18:19.957
All things considered, what[br]open hardware is for me

0:18:20.207,0:18:22.747
is a system that makes people[br]able to learn about the way

0:18:22.997,0:18:25.447
things work in this world[br]we live in, where there are

0:18:25.697,0:18:28.556
more computers than[br]people. So we need to

0:18:28.806,0:18:30.997
understand how our stuff[br]works, not only for being able

0:18:31.247,0:18:33.046
to repair it, but also to[br]understand how our own

0:18:33.296,0:18:35.757
life works. And I thing that[br]is really necessary nowadays.

0:18:36.316,0:18:42.277
At the beginning, on the whole[br]question of open source

0:18:42.527,0:18:47.676
hardware versus open hardware,[br]open source, it's still very

0:18:47.926,0:18:53.876
a very complex situation, there's[br]still not very defined standards

0:18:54.126,0:18:57.638
or licenses or processes...[br]For us at the beginning

0:18:57.888,0:19:02.095
it was a specific need: we knew[br]the school was closing, and we

0:19:02.345,0:19:05.394
and we were afraid that lawyers[br]would show up one day and say

0:19:05.644,0:19:09.797
"Everything here goes into a box[br]and gets forgotten about."

0:19:10.047,0:19:12.995
So we thougt "OK, if we open[br]everything about this,

0:19:13.245,0:19:17.275
then we can survive the[br]closing of the school."

0:19:17.525,0:19:19.874
So that was the first step.[br]Then we started to figure out

0:19:20.124,0:19:24.236
that there was a way to get a[br]very nice ecosystem of people

0:19:24.486,0:19:27.295
participating and making[br]extensions, making derivatives,

0:19:27.545,0:19:30.990
and helping. And then our[br]activity of talking to

0:19:31.240,0:19:33.874
manufacturers, and making[br]them to build things,

0:19:34.124,0:19:37.634
became an interesting study[br]on how there could be

0:19:37.884,0:19:40.556
a business model that would[br]apply to open source.

0:19:40.806,0:19:44.919
For us it was really important,[br]as a cultural space

0:19:45.169,0:19:49.316
for experimentation, to try[br]and apply the logic of

0:19:49.566,0:19:52.237
free tools to the[br]actual process of working.

0:19:52.487,0:19:56.095
That was the idea behind[br]"Interactivos?", a space

0:19:56.345,0:19:58.278
where people could develop[br]their own projects but where

0:19:58.528,0:20:01.278
other people could also[br]get involved in them

0:20:01.528,0:20:03.997
as collaborators. Because[br]the process is open for

0:20:04.247,0:20:09.078
anyone to participate.[br]That is, for us, a quite...

0:20:09.328,0:20:15.394
how to say it, a strong[br]relationship; we feel that

0:20:15.644,0:20:20.278
we are always trying to get[br]inspiration from something

0:20:20.528,0:20:23.556
as surprising as all free[br]software processes are,

0:20:23.806,0:20:26.247
and in this case... we had never[br]heard about the existance of

0:20:26.497,0:20:31.797
"free hardware". So all started[br]buzzing with possibilities

0:20:32.047,0:20:35.115
that went in all kind[br]of directions.

0:20:35.365,0:20:38.797
I love open source hardware.[br]I think everything should be

0:20:39.047,0:20:41.997
that way. It's great for[br]education, I like sharing

0:20:42.247,0:20:44.919
what we've learned, and it's[br]easy for the kids to find out

0:20:45.169,0:20:49.037
more and it would be great if[br]they could build their own things

0:20:49.698,0:20:53.163
I did not learn[br]microcontrollers until my

0:20:53.413,0:20:55.806
middle years in college, til[br]the end of college.

0:20:56.056,0:20:59.968
And I was really blown away[br]by how easy it was to use

0:21:00.218,0:21:02.968
Arduino, namely, being the[br]forerunner development board.

0:21:03.218,0:21:09.144
I think, given the right series[br]of events, and if Arduino and

0:21:09.394,0:21:12.766
electronics could be taught in[br]high school, I think there's a

0:21:13.016,0:21:16.968
big future for not only[br]engineers, but also artists.

0:21:17.566,0:21:21.566
Also digital media interactive[br]design people. If they can learn

0:21:21.816,0:21:23.845
that in high school, imagine[br]how much more they can do

0:21:24.095,0:21:25.595
later in life.

0:21:57.000,0:21:58.840
When the Arduino[br]sends the signal,

0:21:59.640,0:22:03.680
it controls exactly the same[br]these two buttons would.

0:22:04.080,0:22:06.320
This is made for[br]recording and playing

0:22:06.570,0:22:10.400
when you manually touch[br]the keys. But if you put in

0:22:10.650,0:22:12.800
opto-isolators,[br]these two things here,

0:22:13.880,0:22:18.760
you can bridge the keys[br]through the controller

0:22:19.010,0:22:22.640
and activate them with an[br]electric signal that comes

0:22:22.890,0:22:24.440
from the controller,[br]that is programmed.

0:22:24.690,0:22:27.200
That's why Arduino is[br]so powerful, because

0:22:27.450,0:22:29.840
you can control any[br]machine that works...

0:22:30.095,0:22:33.948
It is an amazing tool[br]for giving young people

0:22:34.278,0:22:39.037
this age get in contact[br]with all those...

0:22:39.287,0:22:44.634
an awful lot of realities[br]they live in.

0:22:44.884,0:22:49.556
First to get them to learn[br]that the consumer side

0:22:49.806,0:22:53.355
-this "use the remote[br]with the machine" side-

0:22:53.605,0:22:56.797
is not the only one;[br]that it is possible to

0:22:58.394,0:23:04.394
understand what's inside[br]and get the control back.

0:23:04.644,0:23:08.115
Because now all these kids[br]have a huge amount of

0:23:08.365,0:23:12.997
gadgets which they have[br]no idea how they work at all.

0:23:14.095,0:23:18.394
With Arduino you can get a[br]small glimpse of how all this

0:23:18.644,0:23:22.316
stuff works, show them some[br]schematics that allow them to

0:23:22.566,0:23:25.678
have a certain way[br]of looking at all

0:23:25.928,0:23:27.595
the technological world that[br]is going to surround them.

0:23:27.845,0:23:33.316
And it is also quite funny,[br]can be used to teach electronics,

0:23:33.566,0:23:37.556
to teach them how to think,[br]it teaches them how to have

0:23:37.806,0:23:39.845
less short-term projects[br]and work as a team,

0:23:40.095,0:23:43.595
how to participate in a[br]community, get information...

0:23:45.237,0:23:47.095
The potential for students[br]when they're just learning

0:23:47.345,0:23:49.394
how to use the computer, to[br]learn how to make things

0:23:49.644,0:23:53.355
with computers... to me that...[br]that's powerful.

0:23:53.605,0:23:56.478
And what that would[br]actually mean long term

0:23:56.728,0:24:02.728
for students with only 50$,[br]be able to plug something

0:24:02.978,0:24:04.756
into their computer and[br]make something with it

0:24:05.006,0:24:07.115
over and over and over again[br]and then really share it...

0:24:07.997,0:24:13.198
The type of creative community[br]that can engender in young people

0:24:13.448,0:24:17.835
to me I think that is... That's[br]going to change everything,

0:24:18.085,0:24:21.678
and I'm really excited to see[br]what happens as it develops.

0:24:28.600,0:24:31.790
Arduino has 120.000[br]users nowadays,

0:24:32.040,0:24:35.595
or 130.000 users...[br]I just count the number

0:24:35.845,0:24:39.198
of sold boards. The traffic[br]that we are now getting

0:24:39.450,0:24:44.634
in our website is close[br]to 15 million hits per month.

0:24:44.884,0:24:49.198
Which means around[br]600.000 hits per day.

0:24:49.448,0:24:53.997
That is knowing it is actively[br]used in universities,

0:24:54.247,0:24:56.237
also used by people who work[br]on their personal projects...

0:24:56.487,0:24:58.640
Now imagine it was to[br]start being used

0:24:58.890,0:25:00.520
in high school education.

0:25:04.000,0:25:08.120
Its future will not[br]be "technological",

0:25:08.920,0:25:13.600
it will be quite more social;

0:25:14.400,0:25:17.880
it will be some kind of[br]big boom where a lot

0:25:18.130,0:25:21.000
of people will start[br]using it.

0:25:26.200,0:25:29.080
I definitely see Arduino[br]taking one path of

0:25:29.330,0:25:32.120
being just very easy to use,[br]even easier than it is now.

0:25:33.000,0:25:35.920
So making it easier for[br]beginners to get into it.

0:25:36.280,0:25:39.520
All my favourite distortion[br]pedals... a Big Muff...

0:25:40.240,0:25:45.120
with my favourite [br]microcontroller board, Arduino.

0:25:52.320,0:25:55.800
The user base would get[br]10 or 20 times bigger.

0:25:57.440,0:26:00.080
If all of a sudden these[br]people started sharing

0:26:00.400,0:26:04.800
their files on the network,[br]it would just not support all that.

0:26:05.050,0:26:06.680
It would just not work.

0:26:11.400,0:26:13.200
Here's a robot.

0:26:13.600,0:26:17.600
If I tilt, you see the light[br]goes left... I go up...

0:26:18.250,0:26:21.080
I want Arduino to always[br]be a tool that people

0:26:21.400,0:26:25.800
who have no understanding[br]of computers can look at

0:26:27.000,0:26:32.560
and can get an understanding[br]of how a computer works.

0:26:33.120,0:26:36.600
But I sell this. So that's part[br]of how I make my living.

0:26:37.560,0:26:40.120
For this to keep working like[br]it does ten years for now

0:26:40.370,0:26:42.120
we need to be able to keep[br]creating new hardware,

0:26:42.370,0:26:44.440
we will need the continous[br]feedback of the community,

0:26:44.690,0:26:47.600
and to be able to include[br]their changes and

0:26:47.850,0:26:49.760
their proposals with all[br]the necessary upgrades.

0:26:50.010,0:26:53.560
And after those 10 years,[br]I hope we have

0:26:53.810,0:26:57.400
at least one Arduino[br]computer... why not?