[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.48,0:00:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good morning. My name's Tim Morley,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.36,0:00:23.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'd like to tell you\Nabout this innovative,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.63,0:00:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somewhat different way of introducing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.01,0:00:29.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,primary school kids to\Nlearning foreign languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.25,0:00:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, a lot of primary schools in the UK
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.06,0:00:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now have foreign languages\Non the curriculum, which is fantastic
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.39,0:00:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's a skills gap:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.25,0:00:42.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have on the one hand\Nlots of primary school teachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.34,0:00:45.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fantastically effective,\Nmotivated, trained, super,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.100,0:00:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but most of whom don't even\Nspeak a foreign language
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.09,0:00:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let alone have any training\Nin how to teach one.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.92,0:00:54.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the other hand, we have lots of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.39,0:00:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,secondary school\Nmodern foreign language teachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.86,0:00:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who do a super job with a GCSE class,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.34,0:01:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but put them in front of\Na group of seven-year-olds
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.72,0:01:04.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're somewhat\Nout of the their comfort zone,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.37,0:01:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can forgive them\Nfor not wanting to get involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.40,0:01:14.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's this skills gap, and\Nthis project "Springboard to Languages"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.12,0:01:19.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I've been involved in\Nfor the last few years
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.27,0:01:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aims to do that by teaching\NEsperanto to primary school kids.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.24,0:01:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the title of the talk gives you\Na flavour of the, shall we say,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.96,0:01:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,healthy skepticism\Non behalf of some of the parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.60,0:01:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You're teaching what to my child?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.45,0:01:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What on earth...?"\N"Is that Spanish?" "Why?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.54,0:01:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All perfectly justifiable questions\Nwhich I will attempt to answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.00,0:01:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, first thing: it's not a course\Nin how to speak Esperanto.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.69,0:01:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The aim of this is not to\Nsend children out into the world
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.30,0:01:54.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as fluent Esperanto speakers to use
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.22,0:01:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their everyday lives\Nand in business, and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.12,0:01:58.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not the point.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.93,0:02:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the children, the vast majority,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.75,0:02:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will probably never meet another\NEsperanto speaker in their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.56,0:02:06.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's fine, that's not the point.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.92,0:02:10.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is it about?\NIt's about all of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.94,0:02:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Key thing: language awareness.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.90,0:02:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Esperanto is a very much simpler language
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.53,0:02:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than any other that I've ever come across
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.37,0:02:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've learnt a few\Nand I've taught a few.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.90,0:02:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was designed specifically to be\Nsimple and quick and easy to learn
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.90,0:02:34.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it is an order of magnitude\Nquicker and easier to learn
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.02,0:02:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than any other language I've seen.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.22,0:02:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the kids quickly get past the stage
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.32,0:02:41.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they just have to remember stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.35,0:02:46.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can get onto actually using\Nthe language creatively, which is great.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.45,0:02:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It helps to develop all the\Nmental gymnastics that's involved
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.97,0:02:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in having two languages in your head
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.82,0:02:56.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and switching between the two\Nand finding equivalences between them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.13,0:02:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of those skills get developed\Nwith the nice simple language,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.66,0:03:01.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then all those skills\Ncan be carried on
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.100,0:03:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to study other languages afterwards.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.02,0:03:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a successful, inclusive experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.71,0:03:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Inclusive" in the sense that,\Nin any given class,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.31,0:03:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a much higher percentage of that class
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.40,0:03:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be capable of getting\Ntheir heads round Esperanto
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.71,0:03:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and doing useful things with it than is\Noften the case with other languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.48,0:03:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, I dare say, a successful\Ninclusive experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.91,0:03:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reactions from the kids, and\Nfeedback from teachers, headteachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.88,0:03:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from parents,\Nonce they know what's going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.03,0:03:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I should say,\Nacademic assessment as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.26,0:03:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suggest that this is good. It works.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.78,0:03:41.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's have a quick look\Nat Bloom's taxonomy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.11,0:03:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which underpins a lot of\Ncurriculum planning.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.21,0:03:47.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We start at the bottom\Nand work towards the top.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.31,0:03:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a danger with primary school\Nlanguage teaching
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.88,0:03:52.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of getting stuck at the bottom.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.100,0:03:57.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It involves lots of remembering,\Nlots of memorising
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.16,0:03:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of conjugations,\Nof masculine and feminine nouns,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.78,0:04:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of spelling, of pronunciation —
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.97,0:04:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's lots of memorisation\Nthat needs to be done
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.60,0:04:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before you can get on to\Nthe higher order skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.24,0:04:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In many language classrooms\Nin primary schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.51,0:04:17.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we're trying to teach\NFrench or Spanish or Mandarin
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.06,0:04:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we kind of get stuck at the bottom,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.13,0:04:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we never get on to the creative stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.06,0:04:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's a danger that children\Nwill lose interest before then.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.64,0:04:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Esperanto minimises the memorisation\Nthat's necessary
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.23,0:04:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we quickly get up to the higher order,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.96,0:04:32.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more interesting and exciting skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.71,0:04:37.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,English literacy — learning Esperanto\Nhelps kids with their English literacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.35,0:04:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen 5-year-olds who were struggling\Nto read and write in English,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.51,0:04:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but who discovered that\Nthey were capable of reading
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.85,0:04:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by reading Esperanto.\NIt was so much easier,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.46,0:04:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that gave them the confidence boost\Nthat they needed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.10,0:04:52.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get on with the English.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.63,0:04:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen 9-year-old kids,\Nwhen faced with the task
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.23,0:04:58.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Circle the adjective in this sentence,"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.88,0:05:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first thing they do is to translate
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.83,0:05:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sentence into Esperanto in their head,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.88,0:05:05.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because adjectives are much easier\Nto spot in Esperanto.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.59,0:05:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's helping with their\Nfirst language literacy too.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.43,0:05:12.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even numeracy,\Nthe way numbers are verbalised
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.93,0:05:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Esperanto helps to clarify\Nhow the number is put together.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.90,0:05:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you're 5 and you're learning\Nabout adding up
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.53,0:05:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tens and units, it's really helpful.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.21,0:05:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've got a few examples of that\Nin a moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.84,0:05:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Esperanto brings all of this\Nto the classroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.84,0:05:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost as a side-effect, it can also bring
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.73,0:05:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contact with foreign cultures
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.18,0:05:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— obviously a major motivator for\Nlearning foreign languages —
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.48,0:05:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've been in classrooms and\Ntaken part in videoconferences
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.66,0:05:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between British classrooms
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.34,0:05:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and classrooms in Slovenia,\Nin Hungary, in Germany.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.71,0:05:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a number of Comenius projects —
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.54,0:05:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Comenius is the name of the grants given
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.21,0:05:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the European Commission\Nto primary schools
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.94,0:05:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to establish links with\Nother schools across Europe —
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.06,0:05:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there have been a number of\NComenius projects
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.06,0:05:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where Esperanto is used\Nas an inter-language
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.48,0:06:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the children, and the adults too.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.96,0:06:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Esperanto brings all of this\Nto the classroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.14,0:06:09.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, an analogy.\NHow not to get there.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.86,0:06:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This guy is a bassoon player.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.18,0:06:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He gets an enormous amount of pleasure\Nfrom playing his bassoon,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.28,0:06:16.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe even earns a living from it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.94,0:06:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would suggest that if\Nyou wanted your child
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.08,0:06:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to become a professional bassoon player,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.67,0:06:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the best way to get there is not
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.61,0:06:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to give a bassoon to a 7-year-old.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.00,0:06:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There you go, Johnny, play us a tune!"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.18,0:06:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not going to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.44,0:06:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a big, cumbersome instrument\Neven with adult hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.60,0:06:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With children's hands,\Nit's really really hard to play.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.98,0:06:39.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's lots to memorise,\Nthere are lots of fingerings to remember,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.27,0:06:41.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the reed is really hard to get\Neven a squeak out of,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.78,0:06:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,never mind a proper note\Nthat you'd want to listen to.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.77,0:06:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, if you were to do that,\N6 or 12 months down the line,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.74,0:06:49.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the result would be, "I don't like this,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.95,0:06:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I can't do it." "I'm no good at music."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.55,0:06:53.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I don't want to do music."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.32,0:06:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So of course, that's not what we do.\NWe start simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.55,0:06:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quick show of hands: who learnt\Nthe recorder in primary school?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.77,0:07:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I certainly did.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.02,0:07:03.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, that's just about everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.35,0:07:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who still plays the recorder,\Nfor pleasure or in a band?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.30,0:07:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, one or two, super.\NMore than I expected!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.50,0:07:17.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few people carry it on,\Nbut the vast majority of us don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.15,0:07:20.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So is this some massive failure\Nof primary school policy?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.68,0:07:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why did we all learn the recorder?\NThat's not a useful life skill.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.69,0:07:26.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, that's not the point.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.17,0:07:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By learning the recorder,\Nwe learn about music.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.98,0:07:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We learn major keys and minor keys.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.72,0:07:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We start to read music.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.12,0:07:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You learn about rhythm\Nand time signatures,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.00,0:07:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keeping time with others, and harmonies.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.00,0:07:41.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of that musical knowledge goes in\Nthrough the simple instrument
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.40,0:07:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then it can be applied to the bassoon
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.56,0:07:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the pipe organ or\Nwhatever you want to play.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.12,0:07:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, by analogy, French in the classroom\Nis a bassoon.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.02,0:07:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spanish in the classroom is a bassoon.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.56,0:07:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chinese is an extra large bassoon\Nwith added tones!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.98,0:08:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.49,0:08:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Esperanto is a recorder.\NThat's what it's all about.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.84,0:08:08.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, just before I go on,\NI just want to say:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.84,0:08:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't be doing with presentations\Nwhere they put up a wall of text
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.74,0:08:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then stand here and read it to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.55,0:08:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not a presentation,\Nthat's a report being read out loud
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.92,0:08:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it quickly gets dull.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.78,0:08:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having said that,\NI am about to put up a wall of text,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.64,0:08:22.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I am about to read it to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.44,0:08:23.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bear with me, there's only one of these.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.79,0:08:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a quick snippet from a report
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.01,0:08:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the University of Manchester's\NSchool of Education
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.40,0:08:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who've been evaluating the\NSpringboard to Languages project
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.28,0:08:35.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in this part\Nthey're writing about School A,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.24,0:08:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where kids at the time had about\N18 months of Esperanto,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.98,0:08:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and School B where they'd had\NFrench for two years,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.70,0:08:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they'd just started the Esperanto.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.61,0:08:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did a French test, and this happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.42,0:08:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Does Springboard help\Nto learn other languages?"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.12,0:08:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Pupils were invited to decode\Nthe French sentence:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.95,0:08:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(French) "Elephant's ears are very large
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.12,0:08:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the nose is very long."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.68,0:09:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they observed: "The only children
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.63,0:09:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to successfully translate\Nthe whole sentence
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.97,0:09:06.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were, interestingly, from school A -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.09,0:09:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kids learning Esperanto,\Nwho've never had a French lesson
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.00,0:09:09.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their lives -
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.100,0:09:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"These two children used\Ninteresting metalinguistic
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.95,0:09:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decoding strategies -\Ncognates, punctuation, context.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.65,0:09:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, the language skills that\Nthey'd picked up through Esperanto.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.86,0:09:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"School B children, who had been\Nlearning French since Year 1,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.09,0:09:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,performed only marginally better\Nthan School A children
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.28,0:09:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a test of French."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.92,0:09:29.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the skills that the kids\Nhad got from Esperanto
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.64,0:09:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helped them to almost catch up\Nin a French test
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.99,0:09:34.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with kids who had been learning French.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.95,0:09:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what's so special about Esperanto?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.15,0:09:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is it so good at this?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.99,0:09:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll give you a few quick examples.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.40,0:09:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, at the top, we've got the numbers:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.45,0:09:44.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Esperanto): one, two three, four, five,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.25,0:09:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,six, seven, eight, nine, ten.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.20,0:09:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That much, you have to memorise, OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.55,0:09:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But once you've memorised that,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.54,0:09:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've got everything you need\Nto get all the way to 99.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.75,0:09:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's nothing else to learn;\Nafterwards we just apply it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.25,0:10:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,11, 12, 13 is just\N"dek unu", "dek du", "dek tri"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.99,0:10:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literally "ten one",\N"ten two", "ten three"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.78,0:10:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until you get to "dudek",\Nliterally "two tens".
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.48,0:10:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then it's "dudek unu",\N"dudek du" and so on
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.30,0:10:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way up to 99.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.57,0:10:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for children who are learning\Nabout hundreds, tens and units,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.42,0:10:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually they translate\Nthe number into Esperanto,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.89,0:10:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've seen this happen in the classroom,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.40,0:10:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"so... 27... dudek sep...\Nso 'dudek' is 'two tens'
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.12,0:10:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that's a '2' in the 'tens' column
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.40,0:10:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a '7' in the 'units' column..."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.24,0:10:30.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So by translating the number\Ninto Esperanto
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.29,0:10:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it clarifies what's going on,\Nwhat that '2' in '27' actually means.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.10,0:10:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's "dudek", it's two tens.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.92,0:10:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the bottom there, "sesdek tri"\N... anybody?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.49,0:10:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"73!" Uh, it's 63, but\Nthank you for the effort!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.03,0:10:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, this illustrates\Nthe minimisation
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.37,0:10:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of things to memorise —
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.45,0:10:57.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you learn "patro", "father",\Nyou can derive "patrino"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.75,0:11:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— "-ino" means\N"female or feminine equivalent" —
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.06,0:11:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so "patrino" is the word for "mother".
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.73,0:11:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no separate word to learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.42,0:11:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Instruisto" is a teacher,\Nand if the teacher
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.22,0:11:11.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happens to be female\Nand you want to refer to that,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.37,0:11:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can call her an "instruistino".
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.20,0:11:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You use the same "-ino"\Nto mark anything as female.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.07,0:11:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hundo", any German speakers\Nwill recognise as "a dog";
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.65,0:11:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"hundido" is "a puppy".\N"-ido" is the young, the offspring.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.82,0:11:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So from "kato"\Nwe can derive "katido", "a kitten",
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.55,0:11:33.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "kuniklo",\Nany Latin or Italian speakers will know
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.51,0:11:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is "a rabbit",\Nand "kuniklido" is a baby rabbit.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.83,0:11:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I've been speaking French\Nfor 25 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.07,0:11:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've lived in France, and my family\Nis bilingual English/French,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.68,0:11:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I can't immediately recall\Nthe French word
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.54,0:11:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for "a baby rabbit".
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.09,0:11:51.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know the word for a rabbit,\Nbut not for a baby one.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.25,0:11:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't remember the word,\Nbut in Esperanto, it's just obvious.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.32,0:11:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't not know that word!\NIt's just obvious, it's there.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.36,0:11:59.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, "kontenta" means "happy",
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.49,0:12:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and "malkontenta" —\N"mal-" gives you the opposite,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.20,0:12:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's "unhappy".
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.40,0:12:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Same with "granda" for "big",\Nand "malgranda"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.31,0:12:08.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the normal Esperanto word for "small".
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.53,0:12:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no separate word to learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.31,0:12:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's always a "buy-one-get-one-free"\Non adjectives in Esperanto. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.57,0:12:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've literally halved the number\Nof words to memorise
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.45,0:12:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the single prefix "mal-".
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.08,0:12:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is just one little corner\Nof the language,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.36,0:12:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but these principles extend\Nthroughout the whole thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.88,0:12:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've found that learning French\Nand other languages
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.60,0:12:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an additive process —\NI find a new word,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.36,0:12:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learn how to pronounce it,\Nhow to spell it,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.08,0:12:40.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what it means, and I've added\None word to my arsenal.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.55,0:12:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Learning Esperanto is multiplicative.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.48,0:12:46.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time I add a new word,\Nit recombines and multiplies
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.75,0:12:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with everything I've got already,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.60,0:12:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I don't just get one word,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.06,0:12:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I get a whole new frontier\Nof expressive capacity.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.96,0:12:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this applies just as much\Nin the classroom with children,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.38,0:13:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so we quickly get to the stage\Nwhere they can
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.26,0:13:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creatively use the language,\Nrather than just
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.38,0:13:05.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,repeating vocabulary\Nand memorised sentences.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.23,0:13:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Far more interesting stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.20,0:13:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's a case in point: I got heckled
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.60,0:13:14.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by an 8-year-old,\Nin grammatically perfect Esperanto,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.26,0:13:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 3 months into a course.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.31,0:13:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were doing an activity\Nwhere I give an instruction,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.55,0:13:24.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the children follow the instruction,\Nand tell me what they're doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.45,0:13:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I give an imperative verb,\Nand they use a present tense verb.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.28,0:13:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I say "Staru!" and they all stand up\Nand say, "Mi staras!"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.92,0:13:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say "Sidu!" and they sit down\Nand say, "Mi sidas!"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.66,0:13:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say "Saltu!" and\Nthey go "Mi saltas! Mi saltas!"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.95,0:13:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I said, "OK, silentu!"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.30,0:13:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the whole class said, "Mi silentas!"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.12,0:13:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apart from little Johnny who shouted out,\N"Mi ne silentas!"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.75,0:13:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now I've got a dilemma:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.32,0:13:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do I tell him off,\Nor do I give him a gold star?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.52,0:14:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because he has just made\Nthe whole class laugh
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.19,0:14:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a grammatically perfect utterance\Nin the target language.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.14,0:14:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From a language teacher's point of view,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.49,0:14:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's a dream come true.\NThat's what we're aiming at!
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.92,0:14:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I put on my best "mock annoyed" face\Nand said: "Vi! Silentu!"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.48,0:14:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said, "OK, mi silentas!"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.88,0:14:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that has never happened\Nin any of my French lessons.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.80,0:14:23.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that's not because I don't\Nenjoy teaching French — I do.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.69,0:14:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's not because the kids don't\Nenjoy learning it — I believe they do.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.57,0:14:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just that there's so much\Nthat needs memorising
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.19,0:14:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and practising before that can\Neven become possible in French
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.85,0:14:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,— or Spanish, or German,\Nor other languages —
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.84,0:14:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it doesn't happen\Nuntil years down the line,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.62,0:14:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by that stage, unfortunately,\Nlots of kids have lost interest
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.24,0:14:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have got the impression that\Nthey're no good at languages
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.64,0:14:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they can't say anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.12,0:14:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not their fault,\Nand it's not the teacher's fault,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.17,0:14:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's just really really hard\Nto get to the stage
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.09,0:14:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you can creatively\Nuse a new language.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.60,0:15:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Esperanto shortcuts\Nan enormous amount of that
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.06,0:15:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allows kids to get there\Nand get the experience
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.26,0:15:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of having another language\Nand being able to do
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.32,0:15:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,useful, fun things with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.40,0:15:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's why we do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.74,0:15:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So: Esperanto? In curriculum time?\NIn state schools?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.77,0:15:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, really! It's happening as we speak,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.67,0:15:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with lessons delivered by\NEsperanto specialists like me,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.92,0:15:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also, critically, by class teachers\Nwith no prior knowledge of Esperanto,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.18,0:15:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who can also pick up the language\Nremarkably quickly
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.24,0:15:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and go ahead and teach it,\Nso it eliminates
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.59,0:15:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the staffing issue at a stroke.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.24,0:15:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was slightly embarrassed\Nthe first time I discovered this,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.99,0:15:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a class who'd been studying for a year\Nwith their class teacher
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.18,0:15:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whom I had taught\Na minimum of Esperanto to,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.10,0:15:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kids actually spoke\Nfar better Esperanto
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.85,0:15:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the ones that\NI'd been teaching for a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.70,0:15:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what's going on here?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.87,0:15:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, it's obvious: I only go\Ninto the school for 45 minutes a week.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.20,0:15:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I do as much as I can in that time,\Nbut that's it.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.99,0:16:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The class teacher is with them\Nall the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.84,0:16:04.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so bits of Esperanto get drip-fed\Ninto everything they do.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.47,0:16:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's in the maths classroom,\Nit's in the English classroom,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.00,0:16:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's in the register,\Nit's all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.40,0:16:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so those kids got\Na huge amount more out of it
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.36,0:16:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once the class teacher had taken over
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.87,0:16:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than their predecessors had done from me.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.05,0:16:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's what we do.\NIt works phenomenally well,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.60,0:16:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm pleased and proud\Nto be part of it. Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.62,0:16:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)