[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is that, can you hear me?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.04,0:00:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can I ask for everybody on the end
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.95,0:00:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has a seat next to them to move a little bit in
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.01,0:00:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that latecomers have a place to sit?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.99,0:00:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just move in one seat.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.98,0:00:25.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a latecomer often myself, it's a huge gift
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.37,0:00:28.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you walk in and there's a place to sit.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.03,0:00:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not too much,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.16,0:00:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think they've shut the side doors too, so…
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.04,0:00:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're good, you're good.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.04,0:00:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.02,0:00:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am really, really happy to be here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.01,0:00:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My talk is entitled Freedom in my heart and everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.02,0:00:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As just said, I've been involved
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.88,0:00:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Free and Open Source community for a while
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:01:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am the executive director of the GNOME Foundation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.00,0:01:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we'll get to some of that a little bit later
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.02,0:01:03.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is really cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.69,0:01:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I, for a long time, was a lawyer at the Software Freedom Law Center.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Resulting in eventually becoming general council.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.02,0:01:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I had this really lucky opportunity
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.63,0:01:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get to know a lot of folks
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.58,0:01:16.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Free and Open Source software community
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.97,0:01:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by helping them with all of the crap
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.51,0:01:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they didn't want to deal with.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.05,0:01:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really really fun!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.40,0:01:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been a Free and Open Source enthusiast,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.53,0:01:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd say, since the nineties
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.76,0:01:30.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I am also a patient
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.05,0:01:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a really, really big heart
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.78,0:01:36.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually have a huge heart.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.71,0:01:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you think I work for non-profit
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.39,0:01:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I actually an enlarged heart
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.05,0:01:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a condition called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.00,0:01:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I always get a little bit nervous when I talk about that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.93,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that sort of say
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my heart is a little broken.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.10,0:01:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it means that I have…
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.00,0:01:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not actual. My heart is very thick
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.00,0:02:00.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that means that it has a hard time beating.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.15,0:02:01.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a little bit stiff.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.17,0:02:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's actually pretty fine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.12,0:02:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't have any symptoms yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.06,0:02:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just have a very high risk of suddenly dying.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.00,0:02:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The term is actually sudden death.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.46,0:02:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what the doctors tell you when you have HCM
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.12,0:02:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you need to enter in this life-long treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.00,0:02:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They say you have a high risk of sudden death.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.00,0:02:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is really terrifying as a patient.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.02,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have about a two to three chances per year of suddenly dying
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that compounds, so I've found out about this at age 31
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over the next decade it was sort of 20 to 30% risk of sudden death.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.25,0:02:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really, really, just a scary thing to hear…
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.15,0:02:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there is a solution right now!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.77,0:02:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is to get a defibrillator.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.04,0:02:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what a defibrillator does is it's in your body
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.03,0:03:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually did get one, it's right here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.00,0:03:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks really huge there,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.22,0:03:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's about like this big
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.00,0:03:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's right here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.59,0:03:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has wires that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.82,0:03:09.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sneak through my blood vessels
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.76,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and scour into my heart
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it basically constantly monitors me
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.08,0:03:15.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's like having people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.47,0:03:16.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,following you around with paddles
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.86,0:03:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if I go into a sudden death,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.00,0:03:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it will shock me, and I'll be great!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.00,0:03:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I won't die! it's very exciting!
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.03,0:03:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, all that is pretty well and good.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.00,0:03:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The electro-physiologist that I saw when I told this
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.01,0:03:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has a bunch of these in his desk drawer,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.24,0:03:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just so he can pass it to every patient
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.25,0:03:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think when you see how little this device is,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.36,0:03:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't feel so scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.51,0:03:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He pushed it over the desk at me,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.08,0:03:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was sitting here with my mother. I pick it up…
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.94,0:03:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's like: "Pick it up, see how light it is!"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.51,0:03:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I pick it up and I say "Cool, what does it run?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.59,0:03:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Laughs{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.00,0:04:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.83,0:04:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To which I got a blank look.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.82,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mother gave my a blank look.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.74,0:04:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Surgeon said "What are you talking about?"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.20,0:04:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I said "Well obviously, "
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.69,0:04:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"this piece of equipment is only as good as its software"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.00,0:04:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, it relies on its software to know
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.05,0:04:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it is that I'm going to have a sudden death
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.04,0:04:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it is that I run across the street
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.38,0:04:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I shouldn't have
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.31,0:04:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or I decided to run a marathon
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.04,0:04:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or for no reason at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.95,0:04:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm totally relying on this software to know
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.30,0:04:36.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when is the appropriate time to give me a shock
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.56,0:04:37.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when it's not.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.39,0:04:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I need pacing, maybe, or when I don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.01,0:04:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the electro-physiologist, of course had no answer at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.08,0:04:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said "nobody ever asked me this."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.00,0:04:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I never thought about the software on this device."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.02,0:04:53.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Hang on, there is a representative from Medtronic"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.72,0:04:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"here in our office today."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.94,0:04:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I will get to him, because he is the manufacturer"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.05,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and surely they have thought about this."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.00,0:05:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, in walks this representative
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.05,0:05:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I sort of explain
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.00,0:05:09.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm a lawyer at the Software Freedom Law Center"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.07,0:05:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I care about the software on my device"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.00,0:05:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I just want to know: "
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.00,0:05:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"how does it works? what does it run?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.08,0:05:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Can you tell me?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said "Nobody's ever asked me that before".
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.68,0:05:22.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we had this really interesting conversation and he said:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.00,0:05:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I see that this is a very serious issue"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.04,0:05:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Here is my number."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.28,0:05:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Call me and I'll put you through"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.20,0:05:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to people to talk about this."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.03,0:05:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bolded by this, I called him at Medtronic
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.05,0:05:40.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he gave me the tech line
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.05,0:05:42.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so I kept leaving messages…
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.04,0:05:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eventually, I kept being bounced around.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.03,0:05:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nobody would talk to me about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.01,0:05:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I called the other two major medical device manufacturers:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.03,0:05:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Boston Scientific and St. Jude
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.00,0:05:57.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and neither of them could give me a real answer either.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually, I started calling and saying
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.01,0:06:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Look if someone would let me look at the software,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.00,0:06:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'll sign an NDA", You know, really against my principles
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.00,0:06:10.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because, I'm a non-profit activist in the technology world
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.04,0:06:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want to sign any NDA which would prevent me
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.04,0:06:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from sharing what I find with somebody else.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.01,0:06:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I though:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.74,0:06:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"At least, I'll be able to see the source code"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.46,0:06:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and I'll feel comfortable about what's put in my body"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.78,0:06:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, unfortunately, I was brushed off. I was told no.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.00,0:06:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I talked with some people at Medtronic that were sympathetic
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.04,0:06:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had access to good doctors
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.97,0:06:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People said: "Oh, you know, we're Medtronic"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.01,0:06:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We care deeply about making sure
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.03,0:06:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there are no bugs in the software that we put on these devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.00,0:06:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously, we wouldn't release it if we didn't think it was safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.00,0:06:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All these things
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.00,0:06:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You must trust us.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.00,0:06:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Doctor say, the Food and Drugs Administration,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.71,0:06:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the FDA in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.04,0:06:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,approves these devices
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.28,0:06:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So clearly, you're over reacting.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.85,0:07:03.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I was talking to that same electro-physiologist on the phone
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.07,0:07:05.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and said I'm really troubled by this, because
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.87,0:07:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think about all the people that have these devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.03,0:07:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of them are quite powerful
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.00,0:07:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dick Cheney had one at the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.00,0:07:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He has a more impressive device now,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.87,0:07:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that continually circulate his blood
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.35,0:07:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so he has no pulse.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.65,0:07:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a fascinating, fascinating device, yeah!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.00,0:07:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a lot of prominent people that…
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.00,0:07:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the demographic that get this devices
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.52,0:07:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are often in some powerful positions
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.37,0:07:38.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can easily imagine a situation where
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.01,0:07:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone would be wanting to shut down these devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.08,0:07:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the electro-physiologist that I spoked to on the phone\Nsomeone would be wanting to shut down these devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.08,0:07:43.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the electro-physiologist that I spoked to on the phone
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.63,0:07:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,got so upset, he got so upset…
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.01,0:07:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he hang up on me.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.03,0:07:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said "I think you're up to something"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.00,0:07:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I don't understand"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.19,0:07:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I don't know why you're so upset about this."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.00,0:07:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If you want to get a device, I'll help you"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.00,0:08:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But I think, I just don't, I think you're… you're…"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.02,0:08:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hang up.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.00,0:08:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think it was really scary
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.01,0:08:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he told me at the beginning of talking to him
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.07,0:08:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he installed these devices all the time
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.00,0:08:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He installs sometime several devices a day.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.02,0:08:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the idea that he could be
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.49,0:08:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not even asking questions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.73,0:08:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the software that runs on these devices
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.54,0:08:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was pretty terrifying to him.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.00,0:08:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I put the whole thing off.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.00,0:08:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I just said, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.30,0:08:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't think about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.46,0:08:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's so terrifying.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.85,0:08:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Am I really going to get
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.84,0:08:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proprietary software in my body?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.16,0:08:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.02,0:08:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plus the whole "mortality thing"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.00,0:08:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and getting a piece of equipment
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.00,0:08:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sewn into your body.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.00,0:08:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really a lot to deal with
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.00,0:08:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I kept putting it off
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.05,0:08:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eventually I couldn't anymore
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.03,0:08:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because friends and family kept asking me about it
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.00,0:08:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and saying "We're so worried about you"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.00,0:08:53.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We know that you can die at anytime"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.65,0:08:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mother, you know, off course don't have a land line
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.65,0:08:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't have a great mobile reception in my apartment
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.06,0:09:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my mother, if I didn't called her back within a hour
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.07,0:09:02.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would start calling all my friends
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.100,0:09:04.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saying "Have you speak to Karen today?"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.85,0:09:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Do you know if she's OK?"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.05,0:09:08.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went to brunch with a friend, and she asked me
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.91,0:09:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how this process was going.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.72,0:09:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said "Well nobody from medical companies are calling me back,"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.00,0:09:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and you know, I'm sure I'll work it out."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.06,0:09:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she just burst into tears and she said
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.07,0:09:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You know, you could die. Today."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.02,0:09:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and I just can't deal with that"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.02,0:09:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If you don't take care of this,"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.04,0:09:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I don't know if I can be friend with you"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.85,0:09:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"because this is a serious thing"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.16,0:09:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and you're ignoring it for…"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.40,0:09:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what she considered to be an esoteric issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.00,0:09:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really understood that and I really didn't have a choice
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.00,0:09:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I got a device
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.00,0:09:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got it implanted
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.67,0:09:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it took sometime to…
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.08,0:09:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took some time to recover from the surgery
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.40,0:09:59.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also to really think about
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.41,0:10:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my own situation in a more abstract way
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.19,0:10:02.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do some research.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.15,0:10:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I swore that if I got the device
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.54,0:10:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would do some research and I would write a paper
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.36,0:10:10.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I would talk about the issues that came up
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.23,0:10:12.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the medical profession
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.03,0:10:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or at least the medical professionals that I dealt with
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.02,0:10:17.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had no answer for.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.02,0:10:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the things that I found out when I wrote my paper were
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.00,0:10:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things that would surprise you and things that would not surprise you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.02,0:10:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Software has bugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.40,0:10:29.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really wanted a picture of the crickets
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.59,0:10:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were in my room last night
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.74,0:10:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that fellow keynoters…
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.03,0:10:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,*they are cockroaches*
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.07,0:10:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are cockroaches?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.00,0:10:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are cockroaches.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.00,0:10:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,*So where are they?*
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.00,0:10:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Paul and Jake got them out of my room.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.00,0:10:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that was really exciting.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.00,0:10:47.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were joking that I was going to talk about real bugs
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.01,0:10:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of software bugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.04,0:10:51.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, so, software has bugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.01,0:10:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And medical devices as like as Matthew Garrett said
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.01,0:10:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will have bugs
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.03,0:11:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the software engineering institute estimates that
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.01,0:11:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is about one defect for every one hundred lines of code.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.01,0:11:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So even if a majority of the bugs are caught in testing,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.44,0:11:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if three quarters of the bugs are caught in testing,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.02,0:11:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's still a lot of bugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.00,0:11:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a study that I read that looked at
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.58,0:11:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recalls of devices that were published by the FDA.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.46,0:11:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically, the study looked at all of the recalls
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.44,0:11:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and determined which ones they can tell were from software failures
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.20,0:11:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they evaluated those
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.76,0:11:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ones that they could tell enough
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.17,0:11:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what the problem was from the software
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.61,0:11:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ninety-eight percent of them would have been detected
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.71,0:11:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with simple all-pairs testing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.65,0:11:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, basic testing that you would expect
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.49,0:11:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for any kind of technical piece of equipment.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.92,0:11:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So yes, the FDA has some review over these devices
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.29,0:12:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if the companies aren't doing basic testing
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.63,0:12:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what are we doing?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.38,0:12:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, software has bugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.00,0:12:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know this, here in this room.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.00,0:12:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another thing that most of us here know is
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.00,0:12:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that security through obscurity doesn't work.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.70,0:12:19.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is something that seems very counter intuitive
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.17,0:12:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the folks that are not in this room.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.65,0:12:26.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every person who I started to about this in the medical profession said:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.77,0:12:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But I don't understand:"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.16,0:12:31.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Why would you want people to be able to see the software?"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.05,0:12:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If people can see the source code,"
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.45,0:12:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"it will be that much easier to break into it."
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.45,0:12:39.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as we all know, that's not quite true.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.46,0:12:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, by publishing the source code,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.97,0:12:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everybody can see it, it will be a lot safer.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.00,0:12:46.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is a major point that actually
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.40,0:12:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I address in my paper Killed By Code
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.00,0:12:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which go systematically through a lot of the research
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.13,0:12:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that shows how security professionals agree with that assertion.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.20,0:13:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what we have is actually the worst of both worlds.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.68,0:13:07.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have closed code, so it doesn't have the safety
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.11,0:13:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of having a lot of people reviewing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.10,0:13:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we also have no security on these devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.49,0:13:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of these devices are broadcasting wirelessly.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.00,0:13:16.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the standard right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.62,0:13:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I found out about that, I was totally freaked out.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.76,0:13:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you mean,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.24,0:13:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my heart device is going to be continuously broadcasting?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.04,0:13:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thinking the conferences that I go to,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.25,0:13:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people I hang out with,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.26,0:13:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want my information being broadcasted.\Nthe people I hang out with,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.28,0:13:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want my information being broadcasted.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.00,0:13:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is one of the things I brought up with
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.83,0:13:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the different doctors that I spoke to.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.25,0:13:41.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually, as you might imagine,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.55,0:13:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got rid of that electro-physiologist that hang up on me.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.63,0:13:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I went from cardiologist to cardiologist
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.07,0:13:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find someone who really understood these problems
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.17,0:13:52.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or at least why I was so worried about them.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.74,0:13:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I finally found a great cardiologist
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.00,0:13:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a great electro-physiologist.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.88,0:14:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who said "I have never thought about this issue"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.95,0:14:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but I understand why it could be a problem."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.57,0:14:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You need this device. You can't wait another day."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.82,0:14:11.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But I'm going to work with you and see ways"
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.41,0:14:14.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that we can at least address some of the things that you're worried about."
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.48,0:14:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, one of the things that my electro-physiologist did
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.00,0:14:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that he called around from hospital to hospital
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.00,0:14:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until he found an old device.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.51,0:14:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he said that I've got a simple heart condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.93,0:14:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All that I need to do is to have a device that's going to
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.22,0:14:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be monitoring for a dangerous rhythm
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.90,0:14:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if I get a dangerous rhythm, it will shock me.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.41,0:14:40.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a much more simple algorithm than what the newer devices do.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.19,0:14:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a lot of the newer devices have this
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.00,0:14:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,complex pacing algorithm for people who have a wide variety of problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.01,0:14:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'd understand why the medical companies do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.75,0:14:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do it because these devices are very difficult to make.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.22,0:14:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're precision manufacturers.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.82,0:14:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if they can get these devices that work for a broader range of cases
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.30,0:14:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then that's all the better.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.00,0:15:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then you never know what kind of additional complications
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.60,0:15:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people are going to be developing.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.46,0:15:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I don't have any symptoms now
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.62,0:15:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I might develop them
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.00,0:15:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's great to have the pacing technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.79,0:15:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But my electro-physiologist, my cardiologist said
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.32,0:15:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Great, I now that you have a simple need here"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.84,0:15:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"so why don't I find you an old device?"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.62,0:15:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I actually have an older device
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.36,0:15:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that communicate using magnetic coupling
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.75,0:15:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not through wireless technology
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.26,0:15:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but my father has a wireless enabled pacemaker
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.98,0:15:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when he walks into a room in the technician's office
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.63,0:15:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they just change his pulse.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.13,0:15:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, before he even sits down
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.49,0:15:38.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they know so much about him
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.35,0:15:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have the ability to really affect him.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.86,0:15:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's incredible.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:43.59,0:15:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as you can see at the last point on this slide
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.22,0:15:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these devices have been hacked.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.74,0:15:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A university think-tank…
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.82,0:15:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually a think-tank of a couple of universities worked together
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.46,0:15:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and showed that using just commercially available equipment
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.55,0:16:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can hack into these devices and take control of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.35,0:16:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were able to not only deliver shocks,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.01,0:16:07.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is terrifying.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.15,0:16:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I once had my device shock me in error\Nwhich is terrifying.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.17,0:16:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I once had my device shock me in error
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.20,0:16:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I can tell you it's like being kicked in the chest.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.95,0:16:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are basically out of commission
Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.83,0:16:17.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least for a few minutes
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.84,0:16:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had to sit down and it was so exhausting
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.19,0:16:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just the surprise of it and the worry
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.00,0:16:25.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I went to sleep for a few hours afterwards.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.31,0:16:29.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pretty enduring.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.19,0:16:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So not only that.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.29,0:16:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were able to deliver the shock,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.67,0:16:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they were also able to stop the delivering treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.00,0:16:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the device was pacing, they could stop the pacing
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.84,0:16:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot of people require their pacing
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.98,0:16:42.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to just live.\Nand a lot of people require their pacing
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.99,0:16:44.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to just live.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.76,0:16:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of people can't walk up a flight of stairs.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.47,0:16:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My father is of these, if his pacing is disrupted.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.52,0:16:53.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were also able to get key information off
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.91,0:16:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.78,0:16:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like medical ID numbers, doctor's names,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.41,0:17:04.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,serial numbers… a lot of personal information that's broadcasting
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.64,0:17:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's no encryption of any kind on these devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.96,0:17:10.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pretty scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.07,0:17:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were also able to put these devices into test mode.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.72,0:17:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what that does is it slowly runs on the battery
Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.60,0:17:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Err… runs down the battery at a much faster rate
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.00,0:17:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than in normal circumstances
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.00,0:17:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these devices are only as good as their batteries.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.77,0:17:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if my battery runs out on my device
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.80,0:17:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I need a new device, which means surgery.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.00,0:17:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, these devices have be hacked.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.16,0:17:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was after I was diagnosed that that happened
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.08,0:17:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then I called up the doctor and said: "See?!"
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.14,0:17:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Clapping{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.00,0:17:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the doctor really relies on the fact that
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.87,0:17:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these devices are approved by the FDA
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.85,0:17:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United States, and similar regulatory bodies elsewhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.81,0:17:55.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as a good lawyer, I went and researched the FDA
Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.97,0:17:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mechanism for approval of software
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.81,0:18:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I found, is that the FDA
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.08,0:18:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't even typically review the source code on these devices
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.86,0:18:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unless there is something obviously wrong with the software
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.28,0:18:08.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they generally don't even ask to see it
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.64,0:18:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There isn't actually a clear set of requirements for the software even
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.95,0:18:19.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are reasons for all these decisions of the FDA
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.36,0:18:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we think the FDA is doing a lot more than it turns out that they are.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.71,0:18:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fact that they don't have a clear set of requirements
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.18,0:18:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is connected to the fact that
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.17,0:18:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they say that the companies that design these devices
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.93,0:18:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they are so specialty
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.64,0:18:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and because they are so particular to each manufacturer
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.47,0:18:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are probably tests that are specific to those devices
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.01,0:18:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the people who know these devices best are the manufacturer
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.58,0:18:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore they are the ones that need to design what the tests are.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:46.77,0:18:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is some back and forth
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.98,0:18:49.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about whether they've done the right tests or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.61,0:18:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the truth of matter is that at the end of the day,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:51.61,0:18:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's nobody at the FDA that even sees the source code.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.62,0:18:56.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they are not requesting the source code
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.95,0:18:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't even have a repository of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.65,0:19:03.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if there is catastrophic failure at Medtronic for example
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.01,0:19:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know that there is a canonical repository
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.33,0:19:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the software that I would have access to
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.25,0:19:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and without being able to update the software on my device
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.32,0:19:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I may get surgery to get a new one.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.50,0:19:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if there is a problem
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.55,0:19:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my doctor, or truthfully some programming-savvy doctor
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.13,0:19:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can find or would be able to work with
Dialogue: 0,0:19:29.51,0:19:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to write a patch for my device, should there be a bug
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.26,0:19:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or should we find it out
Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.92,0:19:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually spoke on a panel, with a guy
Dialogue: 0,0:19:38.96,0:19:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in cyber-security at the FDA
Dialogue: 0,0:19:40.65,0:19:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was really, really nervous
Dialogue: 0,0:19:42.27,0:19:44.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I did as much as I could as a lawyer
Dialogue: 0,0:19:44.67,0:19:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did all the research I could about the FDA
Dialogue: 0,0:19:46.37,0:19:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I was not sure if this was actually
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.92,0:19:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the case in practice so I put up the slide and I said
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.27,0:19:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,John, tell me if I am wrong, but this is what I think it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.94,0:19:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the way I think it is!
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.79,0:20:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I followed with a slide about Free and Open Source Software
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.49,0:20:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why is it so much better, and so much safer
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.95,0:20:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as soon as he came up to speak he said:
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.23,0:20:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Everybody thinks that the FDA should do this, the FDA should do that"
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.62,0:20:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but we just don't have the resources"
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.01,0:20:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and that is not what the FDA is set up to do"
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.47,0:20:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he paused, and looked at me
Dialogue: 0,0:20:18.23,0:20:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just as I was about to… you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.95,0:20:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said: "But you are saying something different"
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.95,0:20:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You are saying, we let everybody else review the source code"
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.00,0:20:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"That is something very interesting!"
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.25,0:20:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, making sure that our devices have software published
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.22,0:20:43.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means that anyone can review it
Dialogue: 0,0:20:43.34,0:20:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My dad, who has that pacemaker is also an engineer
Dialogue: 0,0:20:47.00,0:20:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a fortunate programmer.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.80,0:20:50.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He probably would have looked over it.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.29,0:20:52.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of us know people with pacemaker.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:52.45,0:20:54.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would scour that code, for sure!
Dialogue: 0,0:20:57.68,0:20:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One other thing that I found out
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.33,0:21:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a little bit weird
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.92,0:21:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that because these devices in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:21:04.02,0:21:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are approved by a federal agency
Dialogue: 0,0:21:07.56,0:21:11.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,patients are preempted from suing under State True Law.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.01,0:21:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there is a whole avenue of remedy that patients
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.80,0:21:16.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,normally get, which the medical manufacturers
Dialogue: 0,0:21:16.81,0:21:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't even have to worry about.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.94,0:21:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now, I mean, I am not saying that the medical device companies
Dialogue: 0,0:21:20.81,0:21:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't care if their patients die, obviously they do.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.19,0:21:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is a whole part of legal remedies that aren't even available
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.46,0:21:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really amazing, this research, and I have all of this set out
Dialogue: 0,0:21:33.14,0:21:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this paper I wrote that is available on
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.13,0:21:37.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Software Freedom Law Center's website.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.03,0:21:43.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All this results in the fact that I don't have freedom in my own body.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:43.43,0:21:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am not allowed to review the software that is implanted in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.57,0:21:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's literally connected in and screwed into my heart
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.50,0:21:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I can't take a look at it.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.93,0:21:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's unbelievable to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.39,0:21:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mind is blown at the fact that the situation happened to me
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.77,0:22:00.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a little bit freakish that I was a lawyer
Dialogue: 0,0:22:00.81,0:22:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the Software Freedom Law Center
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.96,0:22:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I happened to have this weird heart condition, I admit.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.66,0:22:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but still just mind-blowing.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:08.16,0:22:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't even had a choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.11,0:22:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The choice was either, you're extremely likely to die,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.64,0:22:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you can get this device in your body
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.88,0:22:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope that nobody in this room has to face that choice, but it was
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.04,0:22:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really, really scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:23.52,0:22:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I started thinking about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.87,0:22:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you know, it's not just the heart devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.66,0:22:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's anything that our lives in our society rely on.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:33.84,0:22:38.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as I thought about it, I realized that this actually touches on
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.77,0:22:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot more areas of our lives than I thought it was.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.75,0:22:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.48,0:22:57.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like the university think tank that worked on those medical devices
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.87,0:23:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I would say, if you have time in our board, you should totally read that study.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.08,0:23:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's fascinating, they implanted that device into a bag of bacon or meat of some kind
Dialogue: 0,0:23:08.00,0:23:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stimulate it and they show all the equipment that you can find anywhere
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.74,0:23:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they used to hack into it.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.82,0:23:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the same process as done with cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:19.09,0:23:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a different think tank showed that they were able
Dialogue: 0,0:23:23.06,0:23:25.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hack into two different brands,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:25.91,0:23:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two different manufacturer cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.94,0:23:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the IEEE says that a premium class car
Dialogue: 0,0:23:33.68,0:23:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has close to 100 million lines of code.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:35.58,0:23:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we think back to what the Software Engineering Institute said
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.63,0:23:42.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about one bug for every 100 lines of code
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.39,0:23:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's a lot of bugs, just in your car.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.57,0:23:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what this think tank was able to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:51.64,0:23:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was all the things you might expect.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:53.96,0:23:57.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are able to cause the car to accelerate, to brake.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.88,0:24:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were able to control each wheel of a car individually.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.85,0:24:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my favorite part, just for kicks,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:05.66,0:24:08.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if you can see, but
Dialogue: 0,0:24:08.46,0:24:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're able to put a message on the dash
Dialogue: 0,0:24:11.49,0:24:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so, they said pwnd and there is a little
Dialogue: 0,0:24:15.00,0:24:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,x-eyed emoticon there.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:19.69,0:24:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea that they are able to take control over
Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.09,0:24:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two different brands of premium class cars
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.26,0:24:28.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really amazing to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:30.51,0:24:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voting machines is another area that is super critical
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.70,0:24:36.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we've actually been talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:36.20,0:24:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of security experts have been talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:38.39,0:24:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the problems with their voting machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:40.52,0:24:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the United States, we rely on Diebold
Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.07,0:24:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot of private manufacturers.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.60,0:24:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have had problems with calibration.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:54.20,0:24:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if you've seen, but there is this hilarious cartoons
Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.06,0:25:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of people trying to vote for the right candidate
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.63,0:25:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the name of the candidate they want to vote for
Dialogue: 0,0:25:03.27,0:25:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moving around the screen, you sort of trying to poke after it
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.57,0:25:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eventually, whatever you wanted to do it says:
Dialogue: 0,0:25:08.48,0:25:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You wanted to vote for the opposite candidate, right? right?"
Dialogue: 0,0:25:13.02,0:25:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's very difficult to know because we sometimes
Dialogue: 0,0:25:16.29,0:25:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't have a verification of paper receipt
Dialogue: 0,0:25:18.42,0:25:21.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't even know that our vote was counted properly
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.80,0:25:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we were able to vote candidate in the end.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.24,0:25:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Really weird, as this is the basis of our society
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.82,0:25:32.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the backbone of our democracy.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:33.31,0:25:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I love what they did in Brazil.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:35.21,0:25:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if you guys heard about this, but Brazil said:
Dialogue: 0,0:25:38.41,0:25:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We know that software has vulnerabilities and software has bugs."
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.85,0:25:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"So we're gonna invite teams of hackers to come in,"
Dialogue: 0,0:25:46.03,0:25:47.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"we're gonna give you the source code"
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.95,0:25:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and we're gonna give a prize"
Dialogue: 0,0:25:49.99,0:25:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"to anybody who find a way to…"
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.41,0:25:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"who finds a vulnerability to get into the system"
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.00,0:25:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All those teams, two of them were able to find bugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:59.96,0:26:03.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They say that neither of them would have affected
Dialogue: 0,0:26:03.57,0:26:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an election, but they were able to fix those bugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.79,0:26:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those hackers got a prize.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.93,0:26:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Democracy is safer.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:12.97,0:26:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Security through obscurity doesn't work.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:14.97,0:26:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know when we're going to figure this out,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:17.34,0:26:20.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Brazil has got it done. So it's possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.70,0:26:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our financial institutions, yeah, it's exciting!
Dialogue: 0,0:26:24.27,0:26:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Financial institutions are an other area we've seen recently
Dialogue: 0,0:26:27.43,0:26:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how bad it can be when our trusted institutions fail.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:32.33,0:26:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of these institutions are running software
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.56,0:26:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our stock markets
Dialogue: 0,0:26:37.46,0:26:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the operations of our banks.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:39.25,0:26:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are all things that are critical
Dialogue: 0,0:26:43.01,0:26:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to just the way we live our lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:45.94,0:26:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's more of a societal thing but we've already seen
Dialogue: 0,0:26:50.08,0:26:51.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there are vulnerabilities there.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.44,0:26:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, all this to say, it sounds heavy-handed
Dialogue: 0,0:26:57.25,0:27:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but my medical device can be controlled!
Dialogue: 0,0:27:01.49,0:27:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our cars can be controlled and interfered with
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.01,0:27:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our financial institutions can be compromised.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.85,0:27:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we can all agree that our society and life-critical software must be safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:13.81,0:27:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we're in a really interesting time right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:16.50,0:27:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because how do we know what software that we use is life and society-critical?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.72,0:27:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way that we use computers has totally changed
Dialogue: 0,0:27:25.22,0:27:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very very rapidly and very recently.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:29.16,0:27:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been astounded how people of all ages have started using computers
Dialogue: 0,0:27:33.35,0:27:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a way that they never have before.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:36.40,0:27:40.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's no longer specific tech-savvy people that are computing.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:40.53,0:27:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's everybody, it's our grandparents, it's everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:44.62,0:27:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're using our software for everything,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:48.16,0:27:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's become how we do everything
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.16,0:27:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How we communicate with each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.34,0:27:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How we talk on the phone
Dialogue: 0,0:27:56.80,0:28:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How we write, how we create art
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.31,0:28:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How we handle our educational institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.01,0:28:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we manage our lives
Dialogue: 0,0:28:06.30,0:28:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're building this infrastructure
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.11,0:28:10.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're not really even thinking about it
Dialogue: 0,0:28:11.86,0:28:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of people are using their phones to monitor things like their
Dialogue: 0,0:28:16.72,0:28:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exercise schedules and their diet
Dialogue: 0,0:28:20.04,0:28:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's very convenient because you're keeping track of what you've eaten
Dialogue: 0,0:28:24.30,0:28:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you go, or what you do
Dialogue: 0,0:28:27.42,0:28:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some phone have pedometers, functionality built-in
Dialogue: 0,0:28:33.14,0:28:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's kind of basic and fundamental
Dialogue: 0,0:28:35.51,0:28:38.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there is already software for the iPhone
Dialogue: 0,0:28:39.16,0:28:42.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can talk to an implanted insulin pump
Dialogue: 0,0:28:42.67,0:28:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and compare your exercise and your diet information
Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.30,0:28:51.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with your blood sugar levels on your insulin pump
Dialogue: 0,0:28:52.10,0:28:56.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now, suddenly, we're back to were I was with my medical device.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:56.06,0:28:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You got an iPhone that you're relying on for your life.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:59.45,0:29:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we're building all this infrastructure,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:03.100,0:29:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're willing to think about it
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.72,0:29:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is why the desktop is so important
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.03,0:29:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is where sort of all this all fits in to
Dialogue: 0,0:29:11.82,0:29:15.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my personal story and why I left the Freedom Software Law Center
Dialogue: 0,0:29:15.58,0:29:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I loved and felt like the luckiest lawyer in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:29:18.03,0:29:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for being able to work there and been to the Gnome Foundation
Dialogue: 0,0:29:21.22,0:29:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I also left.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:24.39,0:29:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I say the desktop in quotes because I am talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:29:27.57,0:29:29.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these ways that we interact with our computing
Dialogue: 0,0:29:29.59,0:29:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the ways that we manage our lives through software
Dialogue: 0,0:29:33.14,0:29:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've reached the point where software must be usable by everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:36.24,0:29:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think everybody here
Dialogue: 0,0:29:38.63,0:29:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably knows an older person, who as of a few years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:29:42.52,0:29:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably never did anything with their computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:44.73,0:29:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mother was one of these people.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:47.51,0:29:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember when I was a kid I kept saying
Dialogue: 0,0:29:51.16,0:29:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"but mom look at these cool games!"
Dialogue: 0,0:29:53.24,0:29:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Not interested"
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.34,0:29:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I remember when I was in college and I said:
Dialogue: 0,0:29:57.03,0:30:00.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Mom if we could talk by email, it could be so much better!"
Dialogue: 0,0:30:00.34,0:30:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing…
Dialogue: 0,0:30:01.37,0:30:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember in Law School, I was saying
Dialogue: 0,0:30:04.08,0:30:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Mom I can do all this great research using my computer,"
Dialogue: 0,0:30:07.11,0:30:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I don't have to sit all day in a library, it's awesome"
Dialogue: 0,0:30:09.30,0:30:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing…
Dialogue: 0,0:30:10.99,0:30:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later I tried to say "mom I'm going to organize my travel using the computer!"
Dialogue: 0,0:30:15.61,0:30:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Suddenly, she was slightly interested
Dialogue: 0,0:30:18.35,0:30:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now, with everything that has come to pass
Dialogue: 0,0:30:22.69,0:30:24.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she can't do anything without her computer now
Dialogue: 0,0:30:24.62,0:30:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, her computer has become…
Dialogue: 0,0:30:26.54,0:30:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first thing that she does, she emails and text to her friends
Dialogue: 0,0:30:30.35,0:30:33.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she does her travels, she manages her finances
Dialogue: 0,0:30:33.92,0:30:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's spectacular to me because
Dialogue: 0,0:30:36.15,0:30:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't use my father because he was an engineer
Dialogue: 0,0:30:39.09,0:30:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but my mother was really a bit of a technophobe
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.93,0:30:44.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now she loves Apple
Dialogue: 0,0:30:44.47,0:30:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LOVES APPLE
Dialogue: 0,0:30:45.56,0:30:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She can use her computer to do… She doesn't have to think about it
Dialogue: 0,0:30:48.32,0:30:52.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's great, and it's very frustrating to me
Dialogue: 0,0:30:54.25,0:30:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm excited for her because she now can use a computer
Dialogue: 0,0:30:57.66,0:31:00.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's something she owns now
Dialogue: 0,0:31:00.16,0:31:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She doesn't ask me a question, well she does…
Dialogue: 0,0:31:03.98,0:31:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But she doesn't think that there is any reason why
Dialogue: 0,0:31:08.00,0:31:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these devices are not targeted at her
Dialogue: 0,0:31:11.76,0:31:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she is very much a representative of the majority of our society.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:17.58,0:31:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these are people, only a few years ago, would not have been
Dialogue: 0,0:31:20.81,0:31:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that able to do very much with their computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:24.94,0:31:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to appeal to these people because they are the ones
Dialogue: 0,0:31:28.85,0:31:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are making choices like supporting iPhone
Dialogue: 0,0:31:31.29,0:31:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to put in their exercise and diet regimes to talk
Dialogue: 0,0:31:34.00,0:31:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their insulin pumps.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:34.83,0:31:39.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the kind of things that we need to really worry about.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:39.04,0:31:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if we can't make our software easy to use by everybody,
Dialogue: 0,0:31:45.35,0:31:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no one is gonna want to use it.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:47.29,0:31:50.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have an opportunity now
Dialogue: 0,0:31:50.56,0:31:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a window that is slowly closing
Dialogue: 0,0:31:52.62,0:31:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we're making choices now
Dialogue: 0,0:31:54.87,0:31:56.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're gonna have to live with for a long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:56.69,0:31:58.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're building habits, we're building expectations
Dialogue: 0,0:31:58.69,0:32:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're establishing the metrics in our society for what is
Dialogue: 0,0:32:02.80,0:32:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,acceptable software and what isn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:07.93,0:32:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not gonna read these to you, you guys are here,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:10.59,0:32:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at LinuxConfAU, you know all the awesome reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:32:14.59,0:32:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why you should use Free and Open Source software
Dialogue: 0,0:32:16.73,0:32:18.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're here for all those reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:32:18.66,0:32:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including that it's just really fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:20.57,0:32:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been having a great time here,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:22.46,0:32:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and learning about all sorts of really cool things
Dialogue: 0,0:32:24.60,0:32:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the underscore of all that
Dialogue: 0,0:32:26.31,0:32:29.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and where all these reasons can come from is from Freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.93,0:32:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Free and Open Source software is not just good business
Dialogue: 0,0:32:34.60,0:32:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also the right thing to do
Dialogue: 0,0:32:36.58,0:32:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we talk about our heart devices, we talk about our voting machines
Dialogue: 0,0:32:40.79,0:32:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we talk about the way we live our lives
Dialogue: 0,0:32:42.85,0:32:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the infrastructure of how we talk to one another.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:45.11,0:32:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see that Free and Open Source software is just
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.08,0:32:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the right thing to do for our society
Dialogue: 0,0:32:50.90,0:32:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in order to bring that to other people
Dialogue: 0,0:32:52.86,0:32:56.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to make sure, it's easy and clear for them to use
Dialogue: 0,0:32:56.92,0:33:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are some screenshots from the Gnome 3 release which
Dialogue: 0,0:33:01.13,0:33:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of who I would say are probably familiar
Dialogue: 0,0:33:02.92,0:33:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with already and are forming your own opinions about whether
Dialogue: 0,0:33:05.16,0:33:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you… {\i1}laughs{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:33:07.01,0:33:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gnome 3 is something that you want to use or not
Dialogue: 0,0:33:09.78,0:33:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think that no mater what perspective you come from
Dialogue: 0,0:33:13.01,0:33:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that you can see that the Gnome 3 rewrite is done
Dialogue: 0,0:33:15.54,0:33:18.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to address these issues, it's to make our software
Dialogue: 0,0:33:18.99,0:33:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sleek and usable by everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:21.42,0:33:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I joined Gnome after the Gnome 3 release
Dialogue: 0,0:33:23.42,0:33:25.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was the Gnome 3 release
Dialogue: 0,0:33:25.41,0:33:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that made me realize that I had to go work for Gnome
Dialogue: 0,0:33:28.10,0:33:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this is our future.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:30.10,0:33:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to cross the bridge, we need to be able to provide software
Dialogue: 0,0:33:34.00,0:33:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to people who otherwise wouldn't be able to use it.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:38.00,0:33:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to make sure our desktop are accessible by everyone
Dialogue: 0,0:33:41.00,0:33:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we are not going to be able to build
Dialogue: 0,0:33:44.11,0:33:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the right infrastructure for a whole society
Dialogue: 0,0:33:46.39,0:33:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we don't bring these people on board too.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:50.37,0:33:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a second screenshot.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:52.31,0:33:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It happens to be Marina from the Gnome community
Dialogue: 0,0:33:55.23,0:34:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she's the head of the Gnome outreach program for women
Dialogue: 0,0:34:01.00,0:34:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is an awesome program and is a kind
Dialogue: 0,0:34:04.74,0:34:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of thing that you can do in a non-profit.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:06.26,0:34:06.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what you may not have seen is that
Dialogue: 0,0:34:06.28,0:34:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what you may not have seen is that
Dialogue: 0,0:34:08.20,0:34:11.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we launched, very recently, an extension website.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:11.67,0:34:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extensions.gnome.org
Dialogue: 0,0:34:13.54,0:34:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where third-parties can upload
Dialogue: 0,0:34:16.97,0:34:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extensions for the Gnome Shell and it's a simple point-and-click
Dialogue: 0,0:34:21.24,0:34:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for Gnome 3.2
Dialogue: 0,0:34:23.33,0:34:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can install all those customizations
Dialogue: 0,0:34:25.98,0:34:29.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're trying to build the ways
Dialogue: 0,0:34:29.07,0:34:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Gnome 3 is going to develop over time
Dialogue: 0,0:34:32.14,0:34:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, even though we have a single Gnome Shell vision,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:37.78,0:34:40.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with what I think are great choices,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:40.45,0:34:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you disagree with them, there is a way to implement changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:47.71,0:34:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gnome, I think, and I think many agree.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:51.00,0:34:51.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've actually had a lot of people looking at my computer
Dialogue: 0,0:34:51.01,0:34:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've actually had a lot of people looking at my computer
Dialogue: 0,0:34:54.28,0:34:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over my shoulder and say
Dialogue: 0,0:34:55.11,0:34:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh my God what is that, that's so great!"
Dialogue: 0,0:34:57.81,0:35:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It's not a Mac, but it looks so good"
Dialogue: 0,0:35:01.19,0:35:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What's the story with that?"
Dialogue: 0,0:35:02.79,0:35:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's beautiful, but it's a lot more than beautiful
Dialogue: 0,0:35:06.76,0:35:08.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's non-profit driven
Dialogue: 0,0:35:08.53,0:35:11.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the Free and Open Source software space
Dialogue: 0,0:35:11.05,0:35:15.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have a lot of different ways that we develop our software together.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:15.11,0:35:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of our projects are more on the Android
Dialogue: 0,0:35:20.80,0:35:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Unity side of things
Dialogue: 0,0:35:24.83,0:35:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they're mostly controlled by a single company
Dialogue: 0,0:35:27.88,0:35:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are communities that build up around that
Dialogue: 0,0:35:32.05,0:35:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but at the end of the day, the ultimate control
Dialogue: 0,0:35:34.83,0:35:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the project is by a single company.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:36.80,0:35:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we have projects like Gnome that are non-profit focused
Dialogue: 0,0:35:40.86,0:35:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this actually touches on some other stuff that Bruce
Dialogue: 0,0:35:43.44,0:35:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was mentioning in his keynote.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:46.15,0:35:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you get for non-profit development, or having a non-profit
Dialogue: 0,0:35:49.56,0:35:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that unifies the development in the community is a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:54.02,0:35:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the main things that you get is to keep other trust
Dialogue: 0,0:35:57.11,0:36:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Gnome community for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:01.13,0:36:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Foundation is composed of members
Dialogue: 0,0:36:03.57,0:36:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is over 300 members and it varies depending
Dialogue: 0,0:36:06.19,0:36:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on where people are and renewing their membership.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:08.69,0:36:11.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in order to become a member, you have to be a contributor
Dialogue: 0,0:36:11.79,0:36:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Gnome and it's only available to individuals
Dialogue: 0,0:36:14.30,0:36:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you're a contributor to Gnome
Dialogue: 0,0:36:17.14,0:36:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can become a member, which allows you to vote for
Dialogue: 0,0:36:19.78,0:36:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Board of Directors which influences the direction of the project
Dialogue: 0,0:36:23.62,0:36:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,help spread infrastructure to support development
Dialogue: 0,0:36:26.42,0:36:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and decides to hire people like me.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:28.50,0:36:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So who are out there advocating for the ideology of Free and Open Source software
Dialogue: 0,0:36:33.28,0:36:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and helping to organize this kind of effort
Dialogue: 0,0:36:37.08,0:36:39.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you imagine the situation now,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:39.61,0:36:44.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Gnome community does not require copyright assignment
Dialogue: 0,0:36:44.85,0:36:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if a non-profit community like the Gnome community were to require,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:51.00,0:36:53.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or were to accept copyright assignment,
Dialogue: 0,0:36:53.17,0:36:55.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those copyrights were to be held by a Foundation
Dialogue: 0,0:36:55.32,0:36:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had an oversight by the contributors
Dialogue: 0,0:36:59.87,0:37:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by everyone who has a stake in the community,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:01.64,0:37:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by everybody who invest in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:02.92,0:37:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a certain assurance to knowing that the control
Dialogue: 0,0:37:07.10,0:37:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a community is in a non-profit that is
Dialogue: 0,0:37:09.73,0:37:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,focused on what the contributors want, diversely,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:15.00,0:37:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:18.84,0:37:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to stress that I'm not saying
Dialogue: 0,0:37:20.87,0:37:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that companies don't have a very important place
Dialogue: 0,0:37:24.86,0:37:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Free and Open Source Software of course.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:26.50,0:37:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Companies must be able to develop products
Dialogue: 0,0:37:31.08,0:37:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Free and Open Source community but we need to
Dialogue: 0,0:37:34.45,0:37:37.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encourage these non-profit structures which are focused on the ideology
Dialogue: 0,0:37:38.02,0:37:40.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and work with companies to help them accomplish their goals.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:40.76,0:37:45.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But under the rubric of non-profits the way that we have in the Gnome community
Dialogue: 0,0:37:45.67,0:37:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have a lot of companies that are involved in Gnome,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:47.76,0:37:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on any Advisory Boards,
Dialogue: 0,0:37:49.17,0:37:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are just good participants
Dialogue: 0,0:37:52.04,0:37:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the overall mission of the Gnome Foundation and the community
Dialogue: 0,0:37:56.56,0:37:59.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the public good.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:59.42,0:38:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are a public charity, so we are focused on the public good
Dialogue: 0,0:38:02.81,0:38:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not on our profit.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:05.79,0:38:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We care about our profit but for participants in our community
Dialogue: 0,0:38:08.94,0:38:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what it means at the end of the day
Dialogue: 0,0:38:10.67,0:38:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that we want to make the World a better place.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:14.21,0:38:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sounds a little bit hokey
Dialogue: 0,0:38:17.11,0:38:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but let's be honest, that where a lot of this
Dialogue: 0,0:38:19.31,0:38:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Free and Open Source software came from originally
Dialogue: 0,0:38:21.00,0:38:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideologically that's why we have such great and cool software
Dialogue: 0,0:38:24.00,0:38:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to start thinking about making the World a better place.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:27.65,0:38:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we, at Gnome, recently launched an accessibility campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:38:30.98,0:38:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to make 2012 the year of accessibility
Dialogue: 0,0:38:33.33,0:38:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a perfect example
Dialogue: 0,0:38:34.85,0:38:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, it's really cool work, it's super important.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:37.84,0:38:40.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,*crowd clapping*
Dialogue: 0,0:38:40.100,0:38:43.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is exactly the kind of thing that a company
Dialogue: 0,0:38:43.41,0:38:45.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might not be able to afford to do
Dialogue: 0,0:38:45.64,0:38:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's not necessarily in the interest
Dialogue: 0,0:38:50.00,0:38:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in increasing the bottom line to work on specific accessibility initiatives
Dialogue: 0,0:38:55.00,0:38:56.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for smaller populations of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:56.60,0:38:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we at Gnome understand that this is
Dialogue: 0,0:38:58.67,0:39:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,incredibly important because a desktop that's not usable by everybody
Dialogue: 0,0:39:02.30,0:39:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one that fails our mission.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:05.19,0:39:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this guy is Robert Cole, he is super awesome
Dialogue: 0,0:39:09.48,0:39:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a picture of him in his family,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:11.15,0:39:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was kind enough to come forward and let us use
Dialogue: 0,0:39:14.00,0:39:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his testimony for accessibility campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:39:17.92,0:39:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was born with a vision defect
Dialogue: 0,0:39:20.25,0:39:22.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he has no vision in one eye,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:22.22,0:39:24.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and very limited vision in the other eye
Dialogue: 0,0:39:25.08,0:39:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was relying on some proprietary assistive technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:39:31.54,0:39:34.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at one point that were really working for him
Dialogue: 0,0:39:34.25,0:39:37.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he got a grant from his local government in order to
Dialogue: 0,0:39:37.65,0:39:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get those technologies and they were assisting him to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:41.75,0:39:45.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then when his system upgraded, he applied for more funding
Dialogue: 0,0:39:45.29,0:39:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get the upgrade of his assistive technologies and he was denied
Dialogue: 0,0:39:48.00,0:39:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,additional funding.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:49.52,0:39:51.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he was just out of luck.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:52.17,0:39:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately, Gnome has been a very accessible desktop
Dialogue: 0,0:39:55.34,0:39:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was able to use Gnome technologies,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:57.18,0:40:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and through that he became a very active member of the Gnome community
Dialogue: 0,0:40:01.40,0:40:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but with Free and Open Source software technology
Dialogue: 0,0:40:03.42,0:40:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever we develop is going to be out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:05.68,0:40:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's going to be available, you don't have to rely on
Dialogue: 0,0:40:08.35,0:40:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expensive proprietary upgrades to know that
Dialogue: 0,0:40:10.68,0:40:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're going to continue to be able to use your software,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:12.73,0:40:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should your overall system upgrade.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:14.48,0:40:21.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So making sure that this kind of work is done in a Free and Open Source software environment
Dialogue: 0,0:40:21.22,0:40:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is extremely important so we just launched
Dialogue: 0,0:40:23.19,0:40:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this accessibility campaign if you donate to Gnome
Dialogue: 0,0:40:25.98,0:40:28.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while this campaign is going on we pledged to use the money
Dialogue: 0,0:40:28.69,0:40:30.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help develop assistive technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:33.45,0:40:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all this to say: let's choose freedom!
Dialogue: 0,0:40:36.75,0:40:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can choose freedom, we in this room are a very special group of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:42.23,0:40:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While I'm focusing on what our users are doing and how we must bring our users all…
Dialogue: 0,0:40:47.92,0:40:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I say the broad of users,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:49.74,0:40:51.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to think big, we have to think giant!
Dialogue: 0,0:40:51.57,0:40:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While we need to do things that bring our user base in,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:57.01,0:41:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people in this room are making choices everyday
Dialogue: 0,0:41:00.30,0:41:03.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't tell how many iPhones I have seen at this conference
Dialogue: 0,0:41:03.72,0:41:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many Macs I have seen in this conference.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:05.73,0:41:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know we have the technology, it's good.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:07.94,0:41:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't really tweak my desktop very much anymore at all
Dialogue: 0,0:41:13.28,0:41:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've switched over to Gnome-shell and it's so sleek
Dialogue: 0,0:41:16.79,0:41:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and great and I barely use the command line
Dialogue: 0,0:41:19.96,0:41:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for things that are connected to my computing environment
Dialogue: 0,0:41:24.00,0:41:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only then when I really feel I can't
Dialogue: 0,0:41:27.17,0:41:29.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not for everybody, but we need to choose
Dialogue: 0,0:41:29.89,0:41:32.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free an open platform, we need to develop on them
Dialogue: 0,0:41:32.71,0:41:34.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's the only way we're gonna create
Dialogue: 0,0:41:34.47,0:41:37.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these safer and better societies
Dialogue: 0,0:41:37.90,0:41:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the only way we're going to create a World
Dialogue: 0,0:41:40.11,0:41:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we know that our software can be reviewed
Dialogue: 0,0:41:44.06,0:41:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that it will have integrity
Dialogue: 0,0:41:46.79,0:41:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to build our communities in the non-profit space
Dialogue: 0,0:41:53.11,0:41:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we need to create those really good degrees of trust
Dialogue: 0,0:41:56.41,0:41:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to bring our ideology back into Free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:00.18,0:42:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Going a little bit out there, I'd say:
Dialogue: 0,0:42:03.13,0:42:05.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not about terminology, it's about ideology.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:05.46,0:42:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We really need to think about
Dialogue: 0,0:42:06.54,0:42:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making the World a better place because we can,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:08.81,0:42:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we should.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:10.52,0:42:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have this picture from the original Apple campaign.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:15.62,0:42:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it really strikes me that this woman
Dialogue: 0,0:42:21.36,0:42:24.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming and taking her hammer and,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:24.71,0:42:29.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flinging it against the establishment and the machine
Dialogue: 0,0:42:29.40,0:42:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for individuality and our freedom,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:31.80,0:42:33.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it really speaks to me now.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:34.71,0:42:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's choose Free and Open Source software
Dialogue: 0,0:42:36.86,0:42:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for ourselves, and for our society.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:42.09,0:42:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Gnome Foundation is a charitable organization.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:45.54,0:42:47.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We accept donations.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:47.15,0:42:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my talk is freely licensed so feel free to quote it
Dialogue: 0,0:42:53.46,0:42:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and republish it.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:56.86,0:42:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does anybody have any questions?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:59.91,0:43:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,*crowd clapping*
Dialogue: 0,0:43:16.01,0:43:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good day.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:18.55,0:43:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I guess I personally see it as a really positive future
Dialogue: 0,0:43:23.66,0:43:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think there is never going to be a year of
Dialogue: 0,0:43:28.08,0:43:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the leading desktop where everyone suddenly converts
Dialogue: 0,0:43:30.56,0:43:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it would just be this gradual process.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:32.48,0:43:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the same way that most of us have come to Linux
Dialogue: 0,0:43:35.50,0:43:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after some other proprietary process
Dialogue: 0,0:43:40.31,0:43:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm wondering how you see us engaging with not
Dialogue: 0,0:43:45.28,0:43:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the entirety of society, cause that's way to difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:43:48.46,0:43:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what's the next age of the people
Dialogue: 0,0:43:51.76,0:43:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can engage with and that can then convert
Dialogue: 0,0:43:54.65,0:43:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their friends and their parents and so forth?
Dialogue: 0,0:43:57.35,0:44:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also think that the next wave is that we need to get
Dialogue: 0,0:44:00.07,0:44:01.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into schools as much as possible
Dialogue: 0,0:44:01.71,0:44:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think there are a lot of great initiatives to bring
Dialogue: 0,0:44:04.50,0:44:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our various free distros into schools
Dialogue: 0,0:44:07.35,0:44:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what really strikes me is that, in the United States in particular,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:10.42,0:44:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are a number of non-profits that are set up as technology charities
Dialogue: 0,0:44:15.03,0:44:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what they do is they bring Microsoft licenses and other proprietary licenses
Dialogue: 0,0:44:20.17,0:44:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to underprivileged communities and to schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:23.40,0:44:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get tax breaks for doing that
Dialogue: 0,0:44:25.26,0:44:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they're actually doing is creating a dependency
Dialogue: 0,0:44:28.57,0:44:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on proprietary software and it's a very clever,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:32.30,0:44:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very very clever technique
Dialogue: 0,0:44:34.18,0:44:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we're training people to use certain kind of software.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:38.62,0:44:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to do the same thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:40.19,0:44:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know there are a lot of great initiatives already.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:41.86,0:44:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gnome has a number of initiatives that would do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:44.14,0:44:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'd say everybody get involved in your community
Dialogue: 0,0:44:47.56,0:44:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start bringing our software into schools.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:50.17,0:44:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that a first step.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:51.38,0:44:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the next step is writing really cool
Dialogue: 0,0:44:54.58,0:44:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,applications for our Free and Open platforms
Dialogue: 0,0:44:57.99,0:45:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we've got the next cool thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:00.38,0:45:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then people would want to use it.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:02.00,0:45:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are lots of different steps. I think you're right.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:04.22,0:45:07.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no easy answer to make
Dialogue: 0,0:45:07.59,0:45:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this the year of the GNU/Linux desktop
Dialogue: 0,0:45:10.29,0:45:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it just doesn't happen as easily as that
Dialogue: 0,0:45:12.89,0:45:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there are things that we can do in the schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:14.57,0:45:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's, I think, the first place we should start.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:18.64,0:45:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks you.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:19.80,0:45:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two things if I could. One is,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:22.75,0:45:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for us in Australia and other countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:24.95,0:45:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the FDA has approved it, is that it?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:28.14,0:45:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is that accepted here without us having our own standards and rules
Dialogue: 0,0:45:32.63,0:45:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,setting the software, any of that?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:34.46,0:45:36.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I haven't actually looked into Australia.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:36.96,0:45:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I should have.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:37.57,0:45:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually thought this morning that I really needed
Dialogue: 0,0:45:39.50,0:45:41.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to check the situation in Australia.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:41.16,0:45:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I know that in any UK and other countries there are comparable bodies
Dialogue: 0,0:45:46.31,0:45:47.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ones that I've looked in so far
Dialogue: 0,0:45:47.53,0:45:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also don't review the source code.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:49.27,0:45:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they have similar review processes.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:50.95,0:45:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The FDA only applies in the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:45:54.67,0:45:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So each region has its own approval process.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:57.40,0:45:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But from what I've discovered, so far in the regions
Dialogue: 0,0:45:59.84,0:46:01.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I have looked at, they are similar.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:02.55,0:46:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other thing is that there are other areas
Dialogue: 0,0:46:05.25,0:46:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where software is extremely important
Dialogue: 0,0:46:07.38,0:46:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you've mentioned during your talk
Dialogue: 0,0:46:09.28,0:46:11.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like avionics and gambling machines, and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:11.62,0:46:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in some places in the World there are
Dialogue: 0,0:46:14.74,0:46:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different rules, there is review of code and that
Dialogue: 0,0:46:17.57,0:46:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sort of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:19.14,0:46:22.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two things out of that. One is it seems a shame
Dialogue: 0,0:46:23.04,0:46:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there aren't general government standards for
Dialogue: 0,0:46:27.20,0:46:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,software where it matters. Have you got any thoughts
Dialogue: 0,0:46:31.00,0:46:32.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on how we could make that happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:46:32.99,0:46:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to become real advocates
Dialogue: 0,0:46:34.62,0:46:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what does really strike me is that
Dialogue: 0,0:46:38.46,0:46:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proprietary software companies have such an amazing lobby.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:41.36,0:46:43.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have so much money that they can pour in
Dialogue: 0,0:46:43.09,0:46:45.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to making sure that the government is deeply
Dialogue: 0,0:46:45.89,0:46:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concerned about their innovative edge.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:48.00,0:46:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For their products that
Dialogue: 0,0:46:52.26,0:46:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they keep they proprietary incentives\NFor their products that
Dialogue: 0,0:46:52.28,0:46:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they keep they proprietary incentives
Dialogue: 0,0:46:54.44,0:46:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Medical devices is a really good example
Dialogue: 0,0:46:56.40,0:46:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how that breaks down.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:58.00,0:47:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you think about the business case
Dialogue: 0,0:47:01.23,0:47:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of medical devices, you sort of search and see:
Dialogue: 0,0:47:04.03,0:47:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, well I'm not buying my heart…
Dialogue: 0,0:47:06.05,0:47:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not choosing the brand of my heart device
Dialogue: 0,0:47:07.91,0:47:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it has the best software on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:10.33,0:47:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm choosing Medtronic because they have a good track record.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:14.38,0:47:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they are a precision manufacturer of really detailed equipment
Dialogue: 0,0:47:18.22,0:47:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have been for a long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:19.96,0:47:21.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If they published their software,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:21.87,0:47:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if they've published their hardware specs,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:24.43,0:47:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not like Nokia is going to go and start producing medical devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:31.30,0:47:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if they did, it would take some time
Dialogue: 0,0:47:33.67,0:47:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get doctors comfortable that the fact
Dialogue: 0,0:47:35.44,0:47:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they will be relying on them.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:36.41,0:47:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're going to get support.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:37.50,0:47:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's this whole issue of the fact that
Dialogue: 0,0:47:42.59,0:47:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these proprietary software companies have
Dialogue: 0,0:47:44.64,0:47:46.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a really strong lobbying force.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:46.49,0:47:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only response I got from Medtronic so far
Dialogue: 0,0:47:49.37,0:47:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is saying: "Our business case relies on"
Dialogue: 0,0:47:52.17,0:47:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"keeping ourselves for proprietary"
Dialogue: 0,0:47:54.96,0:47:57.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the United States there were a bunch of
Dialogue: 0,0:47:57.19,0:47:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Breathalyzer cases, with drunk drivers.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:03.54,0:48:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a driver who said:
Dialogue: 0,0:48:05.24,0:48:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If you're gonna convict me on the fact that"
Dialogue: 0,0:48:09.70,0:48:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"this Breathalyzer said my blood alcohol level was very high,"
Dialogue: 0,0:48:11.88,0:48:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I want to be able to see the source code"
Dialogue: 0,0:48:13.54,0:48:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"in order to determine whether or not"
Dialogue: 0,0:48:16.00,0:48:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"that was accurately drived"
Dialogue: 0,0:48:20.19,0:48:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The company fought it and said
Dialogue: 0,0:48:21.95,0:48:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"this is our proprietary technology"
Dialogue: 0,0:48:23.72,0:48:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"blablabla".
Dialogue: 0,0:48:24.26,0:48:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually the Court said you must produce
Dialogue: 0,0:48:25.95,0:48:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the software, the source code and
Dialogue: 0,0:48:28.47,0:48:30.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the Court found through their experts was
Dialogue: 0,0:48:30.81,0:48:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the results couldn't be relied on.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:34.80,0:48:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amazing stuff, and this happens in a lot of different jurisdictions.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:37.03,0:48:38.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the United States, some jurisdictions say
Dialogue: 0,0:48:38.66,0:48:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you must produce the code, others say no.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:41.39,0:48:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think at the end of the day
Dialogue: 0,0:48:43.30,0:48:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to keep it in our dialog, keep asking these questions
Dialogue: 0,0:48:46.26,0:48:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throughout our different areas from
Dialogue: 0,0:48:50.48,0:48:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,breathalysers to medical devices.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:53.36,0:48:57.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And being a really vocal community
Dialogue: 0,0:48:58.00,0:48:59.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about these issues is going to help.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:00.02,0:49:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We also need to organize from a lobbying perspective as well,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:02.86,0:49:05.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there is just so much funding on the other side.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:06.82,0:49:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a question back there.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:09.09,0:49:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh, you've got the mic, OK
Dialogue: 0,0:49:10.66,0:49:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So first of all, I think that your talk was totally awesome
Dialogue: 0,0:49:13.33,0:49:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thanks for expressing basically the core
Dialogue: 0,0:49:16.70,0:49:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Free software ideology which is that
Dialogue: 0,0:49:18.88,0:49:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Free software is about freedom including
Dialogue: 0,0:49:20.42,0:49:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the freedom to know how you're kept alive.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:22.45,0:49:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which I think is really important, so thanks for doing that!
Dialogue: 0,0:49:26.22,0:49:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}clapping{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:49:33.69,0:49:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As far as the remote car exploit stuff, that's
Dialogue: 0,0:49:36.00,0:49:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually from Alexei, Karl and Franzi in the lab
Dialogue: 0,0:49:38.52,0:49:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at UW where I work.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:39.96,0:49:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those exploits were done remotely
Dialogue: 0,0:49:43.09,0:49:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the telematics units in the cars so just
Dialogue: 0,0:49:46.42,0:49:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like cardiac-implants people can crash you car remotely.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:50.24,0:49:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like through a telephone.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:52.64,0:49:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, I meant to get that into a little bit more detail,
Dialogue: 0,0:49:57.33,0:50:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but yes the control of the cars were remote but
Dialogue: 0,0:50:00.58,0:50:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also want to mention that the HP printer exploit
Dialogue: 0,0:50:03.99,0:50:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that happened recently, where
Dialogue: 0,0:50:09.74,0:50:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the Internet, folks were able to take control of
Dialogue: 0,0:50:13.22,0:50:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HP printers which not only were able to do all
Dialogue: 0,0:50:16.22,0:50:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of terrible things like being able to know what
Dialogue: 0,0:50:18.44,0:50:20.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are printing including monitoring to see if you
Dialogue: 0,0:50:20.93,0:50:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are printing text documents and so determining
Dialogue: 0,0:50:23.19,0:50:25.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what information was included in particular boxes
Dialogue: 0,0:50:25.73,0:50:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they were also able to set printers on fire.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:29.99,0:50:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}laughs{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:50:34.11,0:50:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They weren't? They were!
Dialogue: 0,0:50:35.90,0:50:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There was a guy at the CCC that had a printer set on fire this year"
Dialogue: 0,0:50:38.82,0:50:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Yeah!"
Dialogue: 0,0:50:39.80,0:50:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}mumbling{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:50:51.00,0:50:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You should either talk into the microphone or ask a question"
Dialogue: 0,0:50:54.00,0:50:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question I was gonna ask you is
Dialogue: 0,0:50:55.41,0:50:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're talking about accessibility
Dialogue: 0,0:50:57.37,0:50:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of the things I've noticed is that
Dialogue: 0,0:50:59.40,0:51:01.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people that are blind are totally fucked
Dialogue: 0,0:51:01.11,0:51:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it comes to using computers
Dialogue: 0,0:51:02.63,0:51:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if you want to get a Braille terminal
Dialogue: 0,0:51:04.18,0:51:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can cost somewhere like 6 or 8 thousand Euros to get them.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:07.09,0:51:10.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is one group in the UK that are looking at
Dialogue: 0,0:51:10.25,0:51:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,building affordable ones, I think coming in
Dialogue: 0,0:51:12.40,0:51:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somewhere at a thousand dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:14.23,0:51:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I wonder what Gnome can do to make it
Dialogue: 0,0:51:16.32,0:51:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that computers are really accessible in terms of
Dialogue: 0,0:51:18.72,0:51:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alternate methods of interfacing with computers
Dialogue: 0,0:51:21.41,0:51:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially for people who are blind or unable to see
Dialogue: 0,0:51:24.55,0:51:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I wonder if you can talk a bit about
Dialogue: 0,0:51:26.33,0:51:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Braille terminals and maybe making them accessible and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:30.82,0:51:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was gonna say this actually as a separate talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:33.00,0:51:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a talk on accessibility at this conference,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:36.16,0:51:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I don't want to get into too much detail
Dialogue: 0,0:51:38.92,0:51:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the particular initiatives, but with Gnome 2
Dialogue: 0,0:51:44.81,0:51:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are a lot of assistive technologies for
Dialogue: 0,0:51:47.65,0:51:49.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vision or magnification.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:49.64,0:51:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other types of software that are very helpful but…
Dialogue: 0,0:51:55.70,0:51:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actually Gnome won several awards for
Dialogue: 0,0:51:58.86,0:52:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the accessibility of their desktop.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:01.10,0:52:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But while we rewrote Gnome 3,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:04.62,0:52:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we actually broke a lot of our assistive technologies,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:08.16,0:52:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as part of the necessity of starting all over again
Dialogue: 0,0:52:11.47,0:52:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and starting new.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:12.65,0:52:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So actually our campaign is much more basic than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:15.97,0:52:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like for us to get there over time.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:18.17,0:52:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have some great software
Dialogue: 0,0:52:20.49,0:52:22.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it needs help just to get working.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:22.55,0:52:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the accessibility campaign
Dialogue: 0,0:52:24.68,0:52:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're running now is really fundamental
Dialogue: 0,0:52:26.74,0:52:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we get a huge level of support from it,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:30.94,0:52:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can hire developers to work on the stuff and
Dialogue: 0,0:52:33.18,0:52:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start exploring some of those particular initiatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:35.76,0:52:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's sort of like, now the accessibility
Dialogue: 0,0:52:39.98,0:52:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,team at Gnome, at our annual general meeting
Dialogue: 0,0:52:43.17,0:52:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I asked them to give a little presentation
Dialogue: 0,0:52:45.06,0:52:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of where we stand, and the first slide was
Dialogue: 0,0:52:47.96,0:52:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a set of stairs.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:50.74,0:52:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So right now, we have a lot of work to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:53.26,0:52:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to bring our new system back to
Dialogue: 0,0:52:56.47,0:52:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we were with Gnome 2,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:58.18,0:52:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we need to go beyond.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:59.78,0:53:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're much further now, with Gnome 3
Dialogue: 0,0:53:01.92,0:53:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than where we were when we launched Gnome 2
Dialogue: 0,0:53:03.64,0:53:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Gnome 2 went really far
Dialogue: 0,0:53:05.57,0:53:07.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we really have along way to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:08.52,0:53:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there was a question for someone right over there
Dialogue: 0,0:53:11.00,0:53:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had put his hand up, and I'll be really fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:14.59,0:53:16.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we can have one more question,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:16.34,0:53:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll have to wrap it up after that.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:22.00,0:53:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:23.65,0:53:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am concerned that should your implant fail,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:30.76,0:53:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you collapsed to the floor, I don't know what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:34.18,0:53:37.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it just CPR or is this something else I should do?
Dialogue: 0,0:53:37.14,0:53:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a great question.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:38.89,0:53:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody should be trained in CPR,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:41.60,0:53:44.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've became aware of this and hassle
Dialogue: 0,0:53:44.93,0:53:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people close to me to get trained in CPR
Dialogue: 0,0:53:47.51,0:53:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I found I had this heart condition.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:49.41,0:53:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if somebody collapse in the front of you,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:50.76,0:53:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you should commence CPR,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:53.20,0:53:57.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you should check their life signs and follow that procedure.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:57.64,0:54:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me, if I've collapsed now my device
Dialogue: 0,0:54:00.39,0:54:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will most likely shock me and if it doesn't,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:03.80,0:54:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if somebody performs CPR,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:05.15,0:54:08.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hopefully we can keep my blood circulating until help comes
Dialogue: 0,0:54:08.78,0:54:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I can be shocked with an external defibrillator.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:12.52,0:54:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The truth is, it often takes so long
Dialogue: 0,0:54:15.64,0:54:17.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get an external defibrillator
Dialogue: 0,0:54:17.27,0:54:18.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to get people's heart starting again
Dialogue: 0,0:54:18.61,0:54:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there is often some brain damage by the time that happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:21.26,0:54:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's part of the reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:24.00,0:54:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is one in the lobby.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:26.05,0:54:28.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's funny because when I walk by those
Dialogue: 0,0:54:28.10,0:54:29.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now I think: "Those are for suckers!"
Dialogue: 0,0:54:29.57,0:54:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've got my own!
Dialogue: 0,0:54:30.86,0:54:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}clapping{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:54:35.00,0:54:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, all this to say I am really glad
Dialogue: 0,0:54:38.96,0:54:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I have this piece of technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:41.03,0:54:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm glad that I can rely on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:42.73,0:54:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I just think it can be better and safer.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:44.82,0:54:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks you.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:45.73,0:54:47.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, we're running out of time,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:47.13,0:54:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a huge round of applause for Karen.