1
00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:12,000
민주주의에 대해 이야기하려고
이 자리에 섰습니다.

2
00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:14,000
진짜 민주주의,

3
00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:17,000
실제로는 절대 존재하지 않는
민주주의 말입니다.

4
00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:21,000
그것이 우리를 이 혼란에서 구제해
줄 수 있다고 생각합니다.

5
00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:27,000
저는 마르세이유에서 교편을 잡고 있었고,
2005년부터 존재하기 시작했습니다.

6
00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:33,000
프랑스에서의 공공 논쟁으로 인해
정치적으로 깨어났죠.

7
00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:36,000
이른바 (유럽연합의)
"헌법"에 대한 국민투표에 관해

8
00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:42,000
읽고 있을 때, 화가 나기 시작했습니다.
위험하다는 것을 알게 되었어요.

9
00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:46,000
주석과 함께 열 장이
넘는 의견을 작성해서

10
00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:48,000
제 홈페이지에 올렸습니다.

11
00:00:49,000 --> 00:00:54,000
최후의 수단으로 제 몇 안되는
지인들에게 보냈지요.

12
00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:57,000
그리고 무언가가 일어나고,
제 삶이 바뀌었습니다.

13
00:00:59,000 --> 00:01:01,000
사람들이 그것을 붙잡고,
잃어버린 것에 대입했어요.

14
00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:07,000
몇 달 간, 저는 그 사람들에게
답변하느라 밤을 꼬박 샜습니다.

15
00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:10,000
특별히 절 싫어하는 사람들에게요.

16
00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:13,000
그들이 틀렸다는 것을
증명하려 노력했지요.

17
00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:21,000
점차 신문에서도 다루고,
티비와 라디오에도 나왔죠.

18
00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:23,000
저희 집까지 찾아왔습니다.

19
00:01:24,000 --> 00:01:27,000
홈페이지 방문자 계수기는
빠르게 올라갔지요.

20
00:01:27,000 --> 00:01:31,000
하루에 4만명씩 홈페이지에 방문하고,
두 달 동안 만이천여통의 이메일을 받았습니다.

21
00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:35,000
그제야 저를 바꾼 것이
저를 지켜보는

22
00:01:36,000 --> 00:01:39,000
다른 이들의 시선이라는
것을 깨달았습니다.

23
00:01:39,000 --> 00:01:41,000
저에게 믿을 수
없을 만큼의 힘을 주었죠!

24
00:01:42,000 --> 00:01:47,000
먼저 저를 긍정적으로 보는 시각들이
실망시키지 않을 것을 기대하고 있었어요.

25
00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:50,000
그리고 저를 싫어하는 모든 사람들!

26
00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:55,000
저를 의심하고, 저를 사기꾼,
부랑자, 또 서자라고 부르더군요.

27
00:01:55,000 --> 00:01:57,000
그들이 잘못되었다는
것을 증명하고 싶었어요.

28
00:01:57,000 --> 00:02:04,000
저에게 쏠린 이 모든 시선들이 
엄청난 에너지를 주었습니다.

29
00:02:04,000 --> 00:02:07,000
오늘까지 여전히
저를 움직이게 하지요.

30
00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:13,000
이것이 오래된 주제라는 것을 알게 되었습니다.
아테네 시민들은 이것을 "베레쿠니아"라고 불렀지요.

31
00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:17,000
아주 흥미롭고 중요한 콘셉트입니다.

32
00:02:18,000 --> 00:02:23,000
아테네인들에게 좋은 시민이란
다른 사람들이 자신에 대해

33
00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:27,000
어떻게 생각하는지에대해
민감한 사람이었습니다.

34
00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:28,000
그것이 그들을 도덕으로 이끌었어요.

35
00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:34,000
다른 이들이 그들에게 의지할 때,
그들을 주목하고,

36
00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:38,000
그것이 바로 도덕적으로
살고자 하는 의지가 되었습니다.

37
00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:42,000
그리고 그들이 꾸짖는듯한 시선을 느끼면

38
00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:47,000
그들이 도덕의 범주 안에 있도록 규제했지요.

39
00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:49,000
실제로 그렇게 작동했습니다.

40
00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:53,000
"베레쿠니아"를 지닌 이들은
더욱 도덕적이었습니다.

41
00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:55,000
역으로 말해, 그렇지 않은
사람들은 매우 위험했지요.

42
00:02:56,000 --> 00:02:58,000
야만 시대에 이르는 지점까지 말이죠.

43
00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:01,000
글쎄요, 그들을 죽음에
이르게 할 필요는 없지만,

44
00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:05,000
위험성에 책임을 지우는
것을 피할 수는 있습니다.

45
00:03:05,000 --> 00:03:09,000
2005년부터 저는 매우 열심히 노력해 왔습니다.
무엇을 위해서죠?

46
00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:13,000
먼저 저는 사회 부정의의
원인을 이해하려 노력했습니다.

47
00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:16,000
주요 원인을 찾으려고 노력했어요.

48
00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:22,000
그리고 놀랍게도 반짝이는 아이디어가
아테네 민주주의에서 발견되었다는 것을 찾아냈습니다.

49
00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:24,000
진짜 민주주의.

50
00:03:24,000 --> 00:03:28,000
저는 많은 중요한 말들을 분석하고
그것들을 올바르게 드러냈습니다.

51
00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:31,000
적어도 200년이 넘도록 왜곡되어 있었지요.

52
00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:36,000
마지막으로 저는 이것이 작동하는
것을 상상하려고 노력했습니다.

53
00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:38,000
사실을 가지고 있지 않아요.

54
00:03:38,000 --> 00:03:43,000
저는 아이디어에 광을 내고, 쌓아올리고,
또 강화하고 있습니다.

55
00:03:43,000 --> 00:03:48,000
저는 기관을 생각했어요.

56
00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:53,000
힘의 남용으로부터 우리 모두를
지켜주는 좋은 것 말이지요.

57
00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:56,000
저는 우리를 도덕으로 이끌 수 있는
좋은 기관에 의지했습니다.

58
00:03:56,000 --> 00:03:59,000
도덕적인 시민에 의지하지 않았습니다.

59
00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:01,000
우리는 좋은 시민과
나쁜 시민이 반반씩 있습니다.

60
00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:05,000
그러나 좋은 기관은 우리를
도덕으로 이끌 수 있지요.

61
00:04:05,000 --> 00:04:09,000


62
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63
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64
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65
00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:27,000


66
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67
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68
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69
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70
00:04:38,000 --> 00:04:39,000


71
00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:42,000


72
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73
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74
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75
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76
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77
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78
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79
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80
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81
00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:26,000


82
00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:30,000


83
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84
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85
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86
00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:48,000


87
00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:53,000


88
00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:56,000


89
00:05:56,000 --> 00:06:00,000


90
00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:03,000


91
00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:07,000


92
00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:09,000


93
00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:12,000


94
00:06:12,000 --> 00:06:13,000


95
00:06:14,000 --> 00:06:18,000


96
00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:22,000


97
00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:27,000


98
00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:30,000


99
00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:32,000


100
00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:36,000


101
00:06:36,000 --> 00:06:38,000


102
00:06:38,000 --> 00:06:42,000


103
00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:46,000


104
00:06:46,000 --> 00:06:48,000


105
00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:51,000


106
00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:54,000


107
00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:57,000


108
00:06:57,000 --> 00:07:00,000


109
00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:05,000


110
00:07:06,000 --> 00:07:08,000


111
00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:12,000


112
00:07:12,000 --> 00:07:16,000


113
00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:20,000


114
00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:23,000


115
00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:29,000


116
00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:32,000


117
00:07:32,000 --> 00:07:34,000


118
00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:39,000


119
00:07:40,000 --> 00:07:42,000


120
00:07:42,000 --> 00:07:46,000


121
00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:49,000


122
00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:51,000


123
00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:54,000


124
00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,000


125
00:07:57,000 --> 00:08:00,000


126
00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:05,000


127
00:08:05,000 --> 00:08:09,000


128
00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:13,000


129
00:08:13,000 --> 00:08:18,000


130
00:08:18,000 --> 00:08:21,000


131
00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:25,000


132
00:08:25,000 --> 00:08:27,000


133
00:08:28,000 --> 00:08:31,000


134
00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:33,000


135
00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:37,000


136
00:08:37,000 --> 00:08:39,000


137
00:08:40,000 --> 00:08:44,000


138
00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:50,000


139
00:08:50,000 --> 00:08:52,000


140
00:08:53,000 --> 00:08:56,000


141
00:08:56,000 --> 00:09:00,000


142
00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:01,000


143
00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:06,000


144
00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:10,000


145
00:09:10,000 --> 00:09:15,000


146
00:09:16,000 --> 00:09:18,000


147
00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:24,000


148
00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:27,000


149
00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:32,000


150
00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:35,000


151
00:09:35,000 --> 00:09:39,000


152
00:09:39,000 --> 00:09:42,000


153
00:09:42,000 --> 00:09:44,000


154
00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:48,000


155
00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:52,000


156
00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:55,000


157
00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:58,000


158
00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:01,000


159
00:10:01,000 --> 00:10:05,000


160
00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:09,000


161
00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:12,000


162
00:10:12,000 --> 00:10:15,000


163
00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:18,000


164
00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:22,000


165
00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:26,000


166
00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:30,000


167
00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:34,000


168
00:10:34,000 --> 00:10:37,000


169
00:10:37,000 --> 00:10:41,000


170
00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:43,000


171
00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:48,000


172
00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:53,000


173
00:10:53,000 --> 00:10:57,000


174
00:10:57,000 --> 00:10:59,000


175
00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:01,000


176
00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:05,000


177
00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:09,000


178
00:11:09,000 --> 00:11:11,000


179
00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:15,000


180
00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:19,000


181
00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:23,000


182
00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:27,000


183
00:11:27,000 --> 00:11:33,000


184
00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:38,000


185
00:11:38,000 --> 00:11:41,000


186
00:11:41,000 --> 00:11:45,000


187
00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:47,000


188
00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:51,000


189
00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:54,000


190
00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:57,000


191
00:11:57,000 --> 00:12:00,000


192
00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:06,000


193
00:12:06,000 --> 00:12:14,000


194
00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:21,000


195
00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:22,000


196
00:12:23,000 --> 00:12:26,000


197
00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:27,000


198
00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:32,000


199
00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:35,000


200
00:12:35,000 --> 00:12:40,000


201
00:12:40,000 --> 00:12:43,000


202
00:12:43,000 --> 00:12:44,000


203
00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:48,000


204
00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:52,000


205
00:12:52,000 --> 00:12:56,000


206
00:12:57,000 --> 00:13:00,000


207
00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:02,000


208
00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:05,000


209
00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:08,000


210
00:13:08,000 --> 00:13:12,000


211
00:13:12,000 --> 00:13:15,000


212
00:13:15,000 --> 00:13:17,000


213
00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:19,000


214
00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:21,000


215
00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:24,000


216
00:13:24,000 --> 00:13:29,000


217
00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:31,000


218
00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:35,000


219
00:13:35,000 --> 00:13:39,000


220
00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:42,000


221
00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:48,000


222
00:13:48,000 --> 00:13:52,000


223
00:13:53,000 --> 00:13:54,000


224
00:13:54,000 --> 00:14:00,000


225
00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:03,000


226
00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:08,000


227
00:14:09,000 --> 00:14:11,000


228
00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:15,000


229
00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:20,000


230
00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:24,000


231
00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:27,000


232
00:14:27,000 --> 00:14:30,000


233
00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:32,000


234
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:35,000


235
00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:37,000


236
00:14:38,000 --> 00:14:40,000


237
00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:43,000


238
00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:46,000


239
00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:48,000


240
00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:51,000


241
00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:54,000


242
00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:59,000


243
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:02,000


244
00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:05,000


245
00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:08,000


246
00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:10,000


247
00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:14,000


248
00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:17,000


249
00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:22,000


250
00:15:22,000 --> 00:15:25,000


251
00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:30,000


252
00:15:31,000 --> 00:15:34,000


253
00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:37,000


254
00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:41,000


255
00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:46,000


256
00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:50,000


257
00:15:50,000 --> 00:15:53,000


258
00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:57,000


259
00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:00,000


260
00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:04,000


261
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:06,000


262
00:16:07,000 --> 00:16:08,000


263
00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:11,000


264
00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:13,000


265
00:16:13,000 --> 00:16:14,000


266
00:16:15,000 --> 00:16:17,000


267
00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:21,000


268
00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:24,000


269
00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:27,000


270
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:31,000


271
00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:33,000


272
00:16:34,000 --> 00:16:37,000


273
00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:41,000


274
00:16:41,000 --> 00:16:43,000


275
00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:46,000


276
00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:51,000


277
00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:53,000


278
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:57,000


279
00:16:57,000 --> 00:17:00,000


280
00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:04,000


281
00:17:04,000 --> 00:17:07,000


282
00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:11,000


283
00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:16,000


284
00:17:18,000 --> 00:17:22,000


285
00:17:22,000 --> 00:17:27,000


286
00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:30,000


287
00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:34,000


288
00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:38,000


289
00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:42,000


290
00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:44,000


291
00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:48,000


292
00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:52,000


293
00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:55,000