1 00:00:00,443 --> 00:00:04,325 Hello. Welcome to internet history, technology and security. I'm Charles 2 00:00:04,325 --> 00:00:09,206 Severance. And I'll be your instructor for this course. So let's start right away. 3 00:00:09,206 --> 00:00:13,476 Like, who do I think should take this course? And the course the answer is you, 4 00:00:13,476 --> 00:00:17,690 You should take this course. Because everyone should take this course. The 5 00:00:17,690 --> 00:00:22,035 network that we touch and use is with us pretty much all the time. Obviously, if 6 00:00:22,035 --> 00:00:26,160 you're watching this lecture. You're watching it over the internet. How does 7 00:00:26,160 --> 00:00:30,285 all this stuff work? Who made it? You know this didn't just grow on trees. 8 00:00:30,285 --> 00:00:34,465 People built this, right? And we're gonna talk about a highly technical thing. 9 00:00:34,465 --> 00:00:38,975 Perhaps the most complex engineering task humanity's ever undertaken, maybe. But 10 00:00:38,975 --> 00:00:43,100 we're not gonna talk from a math perspective, and we're not gonna talk from 11 00:00:43,100 --> 00:00:47,610 a programming perspective. I mean, really, were not going to, we're not gonna push 12 00:00:47,610 --> 00:00:52,626 you on that stuff. We gonna talk about really cool technical things, we're gonna 13 00:00:52,626 --> 00:00:57,721 meet some really cool people, but it's not a technical course. It's a course about 14 00:00:57,721 --> 00:01:02,880 listening and understanding and thinking critically about the people who made the 15 00:01:02,880 --> 00:01:07,850 internet what it is. So it's, we are going to explain some things and ask you to 16 00:01:07,850 --> 00:01:12,666 reflect a bit. So. This is going to include a bunch of oral history. Oral 17 00:01:12,666 --> 00:01:17,748 history that I've gathered. And my co-host on my television show, Richard Wiggins 18 00:01:17,748 --> 00:01:22,524 gathered. Starting in the. In the 90's. Through the, present day I 19 00:01:22,524 --> 00:01:27,362 continue to gather this. And continue to keep asking people who've done amazing 20 00:01:27,362 --> 00:01:31,954 things on the internet. Like, what did it take? How did it work? What were you 21 00:01:31,954 --> 00:01:37,453 thinking? What was innovative. What, what went wrong? Real history's a bit messy. 22 00:01:37,453 --> 00:01:42,356 Real history is not. As simple as a 30 minute PBS special would like it to be 23 00:01:42,356 --> 00:01:47,019 sometimes. Those are actually sort of fun television. We are actually going to hear 24 00:01:47,019 --> 00:01:51,518 from people listen to them a little bit longer. We aren't going to try to collapse 25 00:01:51,518 --> 00:01:55,742 everything into two minute segments. We are gonna listen to these people . Then 26 00:01:55,742 --> 00:02:00,295 we're gonna ask some critical questions about what do we think about the way folks 27 00:02:00,295 --> 00:02:04,904 talk about these innovations. And then the second half of the class we'll really dig 28 00:02:04,904 --> 00:02:09,292 into to how the Internet works. Still avoiding any programming or any technology 29 00:02:09,292 --> 00:02:13,916 or anything complicated. We are just gonna sort of from a. A simple set of metaphors 30 00:02:13,916 --> 00:02:18,521 as we can possibly come up with understand the architecture of the internet and 31 00:02:18,693 --> 00:02:23,395 you'll be fine. You'll be surprised at just how much you understand. So, I always 32 00:02:23,395 --> 00:02:29,360 like to start the first lecture talking a little about me, so you get to know me. I 33 00:02:29,360 --> 00:02:33,992 am a professor at the University of Michigan School of Information. School of 34 00:02:33,992 --> 00:02:38,744 Information studies a lot of things. It studies social science like things. Data 35 00:02:38,744 --> 00:02:43,676 and information and technology so we like to say School of Information studies 36 00:02:43,676 --> 00:02:48,248 connecting people information and technology in more interesting ways. And I 37 00:02:48,248 --> 00:02:53,000 as a faculty member have written several books. And I am on the web and you can 38 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:57,830 follow me on Twitter and I do a lot of traveling. Who knows maybe. Maybe during 39 00:02:57,830 --> 00:03:03,707 this class I'll end up in your country or in your town, and, and who knows, we can 40 00:03:03,707 --> 00:03:09,301 do something. So, if you want, feel free to stalk me on Twitter. I'm, I'm always on 41 00:03:09,301 --> 00:03:16,542 Twitter. So. A big feature of this class is. Videos, particularly the first half 42 00:03:16,542 --> 00:03:21,731 where we're talking about the history. And I was really fortunate in 1995. Really 43 00:03:21,731 --> 00:03:27,325 most people would say that the, the internet and web took off in the, outside 44 00:03:27,325 --> 00:03:32,920 the academic sector in like 1994. And in 1995, I had a television show. It was 45 00:03:32,920 --> 00:03:39,103 sponsored by, TCI CableVision, which is a cable company that no longer exists because 46 00:03:39,103 --> 00:03:44,918 it, because it got eaten by I think AT&T ultimately. But through 1995, from 1995 47 00:03:44,918 --> 00:03:51,438 through 1999 my, me and my co-host Richard Wiggans We would run around with cameras, 48 00:03:51,438 --> 00:03:57,148 and go to conferences and do whatever. Put cameras in people's faces, famous people 49 00:03:57,148 --> 00:04:02,788 who had done things. Now back in the mid 90's, the internet wasn't nearly as fancy 50 00:04:02,788 --> 00:04:08,499 and as important as it is now, so it was really easy to find these people and they 51 00:04:08,499 --> 00:04:13,930 were always happy to talk. So, we got in their own words, the kind of innovation. 52 00:04:13,930 --> 00:04:18,507 So, the people on this slide... On one side here, we have Tim Berners-Lee. Tim 53 00:04:18,507 --> 00:04:23,135 Berners-Lee is the inventor of the world wide web and we'll meet him later in the 54 00:04:23,135 --> 00:04:27,764 history lecture. Right now, we're gonna take a look at a fellow named James Wells. 55 00:04:27,764 --> 00:04:32,508 He was one of the founders of the real audio. And just to kind of give you a 56 00:04:32,508 --> 00:04:37,714 sense of the kinds of things that led me. >> It really inspired me by some of the 57 00:04:37,714 --> 00:04:43,119 people doing some really kind of amazing thinking in this internet was just, first 58 00:04:43,119 --> 00:04:48,327 getting started, so here's, here's James Wells of RealAudio. >> We have sort 59 00:04:48,327 --> 00:04:53,205 of over 700 thousand people who have downloaded the player in a last six 60 00:04:53,205 --> 00:04:58,676 months at a rate of 250,000 per month, so if we just do the arithmetic you will imagine that over 61 00:04:58,676 --> 00:05:05,344 the next six months, there would be many millions of people listening and tens 62 00:05:05,344 --> 00:05:11,671 of thousands of people producing. It allows the idea of what we call narrow 63 00:05:11,671 --> 00:05:18,505 casting. That is to take information in a very inexpensive way and get it to very 64 00:05:18,505 --> 00:05:25,676 specific points of interest and targets. Another large user of, of, of RealAudio 65 00:05:25,676 --> 00:05:31,582 is education. >> Mm-hm. >> You know, distance learning. The ability to, to 66 00:05:31,582 --> 00:05:38,030 provide a learning environment. Over time, and over space. 67 00:05:38,030 --> 00:05:44,723 So that was James Wells of RealAudio. He's got big ideas. One of the things you saw in that video was a 68 00:05:44,723 --> 00:05:50,185 modem. You saw little blinking lights, well that's data moving back and forth. 69 00:05:50,185 --> 00:05:55,832 And, and you know, in 1993 94 95 we used 28 kilobit modems. You know, when you, 70 00:05:55,832 --> 00:06:03,380 when you have your fancy phone and it goes down to Edge. That is 128 kilobits and. 71 00:06:03,380 --> 00:06:10,190 And you think that's terrible. Well. Back in 1992-92 we were using 28. Kilobit, 72 00:06:10,190 --> 00:06:16,000 which is one-third, one-quarter of what Edge is today, and that was, was not much 73 00:06:16,000 --> 00:06:21,670 bandwidth at all but even in that, James Wells has this imagination that we could 74 00:06:21,670 --> 00:06:27,200 squeeze teaching down into little tiny audio and people can take audio classes 75 00:06:27,200 --> 00:06:32,715 all around the world. Now this actually inspired me and it really has become my 76 00:06:32,715 --> 00:06:37,595 research. So I started teaching, using technology much like what we're using 77 00:06:37,595 --> 00:06:42,800 right now, except far less sophisticated. I created this thing called Sync-O-Matic, 78 00:06:42,800 --> 00:06:48,006 and what it did in 1996 is that it sent both slides and audios. See that kind of 79 00:06:48,006 --> 00:06:53,146 scary looking picture of me, that scary looking picture of me sitting there. Ahh, 80 00:06:53,146 --> 00:06:58,340 that guy looks a little bit scary right there. That was my picture, we couldn't 81 00:06:58,340 --> 00:07:03,705 send video. We could only send audio because the connections were so slow back 82 00:07:03,705 --> 00:07:09,275 in 1996. But I sent slides. So I'd give my lectures, I'd record the audio, we'd flip 83 00:07:09,275 --> 00:07:15,052 the slides and there was no drawing on the screen or no fancy things at all. And, and 84 00:07:15,052 --> 00:07:20,623 then in 1999, I switched jobs, went from one university to another and I wrote the 85 00:07:20,623 --> 00:07:25,242 next thing. And, this was a thing I called Clip Board and it's actually very 86 00:07:25,242 --> 00:07:29,900 similar to what we're using today, other than the fact that what we're using today 87 00:07:29,900 --> 00:07:34,218 is much more sophisticated but you can actually draw on, slide, and you could 88 00:07:34,218 --> 00:07:38,876 flip the slide back and forth and you have a pointer and you can type text on the 89 00:07:38,876 --> 00:07:43,530 slider make a blank thing. I had this thing working and I was trying to, To give 90 00:07:43,530 --> 00:07:47,753 it to Apple. I built this on Apple hardware and I tried to give it to Apple 91 00:07:47,753 --> 00:07:52,145 in 1999. And they didn't take it. But, there's now. Things like ScreenFlow and 92 00:07:52,145 --> 00:07:56,593 Camtasia. And, whole bunch of other things that, That do this. And so. This, this 93 00:07:56,593 --> 00:08:00,591 moment where I'm sitting on this television set and I see this guy talking 94 00:08:00,591 --> 00:08:05,095 about the future of education is gonna be over the Internet it really triggered 95 00:08:05,095 --> 00:08:09,830 me, to sort of. Go through a whole series of things to change my research. Area from 96 00:08:09,830 --> 00:08:15,206 what was then high performance computing. So, I'm sitting, you know. Sitting on the 97 00:08:15,206 --> 00:08:20,371 TV set, and I see that education might be a good thing. I immediately go out and I 98 00:08:20,371 --> 00:08:25,600 invent this thing called Sync-O-Matic, and then I invented this thing called ClipBoard. 99 00:08:25,600 --> 00:08:30,487 Click. So ClipBoard, that was sorta 1999 and then I, I couldn't get anybody to buy 100 00:08:30,487 --> 00:08:35,437 into the idea of using this stuff. I mean now it's, obviously we're using it right 101 00:08:35,437 --> 00:08:40,386 now, but I kinda got frustrated, so I decided that what I would do then is work 102 00:08:40,386 --> 00:08:45,335 on a learning management system, Sakai. Some of you actually might have used Sakai 103 00:08:45,335 --> 00:08:50,345 as your learning management system. I was the chief architect of the Sakai project 104 00:08:50,345 --> 00:08:55,925 and instrumental, continued to work with the Sakai learning management system. And 105 00:08:55,925 --> 00:09:01,646 then when I found that Sakai only had reached two or three percent market share. Then I 106 00:09:01,646 --> 00:09:05,780 decided that I was gonna work on interoperability between learning 107 00:09:05,780 --> 00:09:10,839 management systems with the kind of secret notion that I would plug material just 108 00:09:10,839 --> 00:09:15,712 like my recorded lectures into these learning management systems. And so then I 109 00:09:15,712 --> 00:09:20,216 spent a few years, 2007 through 2010, eleven, twelve, with IMS, which is a 110 00:09:20,216 --> 00:09:25,089 standards organization that built standards. And so it's really kind of it's 111 00:09:25,089 --> 00:09:30,264 kind of ironic to be sitting here, in effect, fifteen years later and teaching you 112 00:09:30,264 --> 00:09:36,616 guys with this totally cool, and awesome technology. Called Coursera. Because it 113 00:09:36,616 --> 00:09:42,968 really was. It was the vision that I had and some [inaudible]. I couldn't be more 114 00:09:42,968 --> 00:09:50,424 excited. To be working with Coursera. And so I also have this alter ego Dr Chuck. 115 00:09:50,638 --> 00:09:55,993 Most of my students call me Dr Chuck, the reason I call, I came up with this 116 00:09:56,208 --> 00:10:01,705 nickname was, I got my PhD rather late in life, and I thought that it would be 117 00:10:01,920 --> 00:10:07,546 Hypocritical if I stopped making fun of people with PhDs just because I had one. 118 00:10:07,757 --> 00:10:13,173 And so I, I adopted the nickname, Dr. Chuck. For those of you who wanna go do 119 00:10:13,173 --> 00:10:19,011 some research, the, it wasn't Dr. Phil or, or, Dr. Drew. It was, actually, Dr. Ruth 120 00:10:19,011 --> 00:10:24,779 was the television doctor. So you can go, do some research on who Dr. Ruth is. And 121 00:10:24,779 --> 00:10:31,074 so I got some pictures here about what some of my hobbies are. I play hockey. I 122 00:10:31,074 --> 00:10:36,717 do a lot of travelling. Sakai does cause me to do a travel. I've been around 123 00:10:36,717 --> 00:10:41,917 the world. That, I think, picture there, is like. Three or four years of my travel. 124 00:10:41,917 --> 00:10:47,128 That's what those pushpins are. I ride motorcycles. Off-road motorcycles. On-road 125 00:10:47,128 --> 00:10:52,472 motorcycles. I got--you can go see video s of that. I do karaoke. All of my pictures 126 00:10:52,472 --> 00:10:57,750 of course are not of me doing karaoke, but me taking pictures of my friends when 127 00:10:57,750 --> 00:11:02,697 they're doing karaoke. I wrote a book. Several books. And I also wrote a book 128 00:11:02,697 --> 00:11:07,460 about my experiences in the Sekaya Project. And I'll close with.. A bit of 129 00:11:07,460 --> 00:11:12,383 humorous video that I made that you might have heard of called the "iPad Steering 130 00:11:12,383 --> 00:11:17,247 Wheel Mount." And if you haven't, go ahead and Google "iPad Steering Wheel Mount." 131 00:11:17,247 --> 00:11:22,282 And it's a, a short video that I'm, that I'm curious what you think. So. Next we'll 132 00:11:22,282 --> 00:11:26,506 talk a little bit more about the detail of how the course is going to work, and how 133 00:11:26,506 --> 00:11:30,120 grading's going to work and other things like that. So see you in a bit.