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Hello. Welcome to internet history,[br]technology and security. I'm Charles

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Severance. And I'll be your instructor for[br]this course. So let's start right away.

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Like, who do I think should take this[br]course? And the course the answer is you,

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You should take this course. Because[br]everyone should take this course. The

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network that we touch and use is with us[br]pretty much all the time. Obviously, if

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you're watching this lecture. You're[br]watching it over the internet. How does

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all this stuff work? Who made it? You[br]know this didn't just grow on trees.

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People built this, right? And we're gonna[br]talk about a highly technical thing.

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Perhaps the most complex engineering task[br]humanity's ever undertaken, maybe. But

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we're not gonna talk from a math[br]perspective, and we're not gonna talk from

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a programming perspective. I mean, really,[br]were not going to, we're not gonna push

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you on that stuff. We gonna talk about[br]really cool technical things, we're gonna

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meet some really cool people, but it's not[br]a technical course. It's a course about

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listening and understanding and thinking[br]critically about the people who made the

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internet what it is. So it's, we are going[br]to explain some things and ask you to

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reflect a bit. So. This is going to[br]include a bunch of oral history. Oral

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history that I've gathered. And my co-host[br]on my television show, Richard Wiggins

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gathered. Starting in the. In the 90's.[br]Through the, present day I

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continue to gather this. And continue to[br]keep asking people who've done amazing

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things on the internet. Like, what did it[br]take? How did it work? What were you

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thinking? What was innovative. What, what[br]went wrong? Real history's a bit messy.

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Real history is not. As simple as a 30[br]minute PBS special would like it to be

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sometimes. Those are actually sort of fun[br]television. We are actually going to hear

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from people listen to them a little bit[br]longer. We aren't going to try to collapse

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everything into two minute segments. We[br]are gonna listen to these people . Then

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we're gonna ask some critical questions[br]about what do we think about the way folks

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talk about these innovations. And then the[br]second half of the class we'll really dig

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into to how the Internet works. Still[br]avoiding any programming or any technology

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or anything complicated. We are just gonna[br]sort of from a. A simple set of metaphors

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as we can possibly come up with understand[br]the architecture of the internet and

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you'll be fine. You'll be surprised at[br]just how much you understand. So, I always

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like to start the first lecture talking a[br]little about me, so you get to know me. I

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am a professor at the University of[br]Michigan School of Information. School of

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Information studies a lot of things. It[br]studies social science like things. Data

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and information and technology so we like[br]to say School of Information studies

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connecting people information and[br]technology in more interesting ways. And I

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as a faculty member have written several[br]books. And I am on the web and you can

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follow me on Twitter and I do a lot of[br]traveling. Who knows maybe. Maybe during

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this class I'll end up in your country or[br]in your town, and, and who knows, we can

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do something. So, if you want, feel free[br]to stalk me on Twitter. I'm, I'm always on

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Twitter. So. A big feature of this class[br]is. Videos, particularly the first half

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where we're talking about the history. And[br]I was really fortunate in 1995. Really

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most people would say that the, the[br]internet and web took off in the, outside

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the academic sector in like 1994. And in[br]1995, I had a television show. It was

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sponsored by, TCI CableVision, which is a[br]cable company that no longer exists because

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it, because it got eaten by I think AT&T[br]ultimately. But through 1995, from 1995

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through 1999 my, me and my co-host Richard[br]Wiggans We would run around with cameras,

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and go to conferences and do whatever. Put[br]cameras in people's faces, famous people

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who had done things. Now back in the mid[br]90's, the internet wasn't nearly as fancy

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and as important as it is now, so it was[br]really easy to find these people and they

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were always happy to talk. So, we got in[br]their own words, the kind of innovation.

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So, the people on this slide... On one[br]side here, we have Tim Berners-Lee. Tim

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Berners-Lee is the inventor of the world[br]wide web and we'll meet him later in the

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history lecture. Right now, we're gonna[br]take a look at a fellow named James Wells.

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He was one of the founders of the real[br]audio. And just to kind of give you a

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sense of the kinds of things that led me.[br]>> It really inspired me by some of the

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people doing some really kind of amazing[br]thinking in this internet was just, first

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getting started, so here's, here's James[br]Wells of RealAudio. >> We have sort

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of over 700 thousand people who have[br]downloaded the player in a last six

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months at a rate of 250,000 per month, so if we just do[br]the arithmetic you will imagine that over

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the next six months, there would be[br]many millions of people listening and tens

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of thousands of people producing. It[br]allows the idea of what we call narrow

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casting. That is to take information in a[br]very inexpensive way and get it to very

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specific points of interest and targets.[br]Another large user of, of, of RealAudio

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is education. >> Mm-hm. >> You know,[br]distance learning. The ability to, to

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provide a learning[br]environment. Over time, and over space.

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So that was James Wells of RealAudio. He's got big ideas. One of the things you saw in that video was a

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modem. You saw little blinking lights,[br]well that's data moving back and forth.

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And, and you know, in 1993 94 95 we used[br]28 kilobit modems. You know, when you,

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when you have your fancy phone and it goes[br]down to Edge. That is 128 kilobits and.

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And you think that's terrible. Well. Back[br]in 1992-92 we were using 28. Kilobit,

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which is one-third, one-quarter of what[br]Edge is today, and that was, was not much

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bandwidth at all but even in that, James[br]Wells has this imagination that we could

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squeeze teaching down into little tiny[br]audio and people can take audio classes

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all around the world. Now this actually[br]inspired me and it really has become my

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research. So I started teaching, using[br]technology much like what we're using

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right now, except far less sophisticated.[br]I created this thing called Sync-O-Matic,

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and what it did in 1996 is that it sent[br]both slides and audios. See that kind of

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scary looking picture of me, that scary[br]looking picture of me sitting there. Ahh,

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that guy looks a little bit scary right[br]there. That was my picture, we couldn't

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send video. We could only send audio[br]because the connections were so slow back

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in 1996. But I sent slides. So I'd give my[br]lectures, I'd record the audio, we'd flip

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the slides and there was no drawing on the[br]screen or no fancy things at all. And, and

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then in 1999, I switched jobs, went from[br]one university to another and I wrote the

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next thing. And, this was a thing I[br]called Clip Board and it's actually very

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similar to what we're using today, other[br]than the fact that what we're using today

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is much more sophisticated but you can[br]actually draw on, slide, and you could

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flip the slide back and forth and you have[br]a pointer and you can type text on the

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slider make a blank thing. I had this[br]thing working and I was trying to, To give

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it to Apple. I built this on Apple[br]hardware and I tried to give it to Apple

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in 1999. And they didn't take it. But,[br]there's now. Things like ScreenFlow and

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Camtasia. And, whole bunch of other things[br]that, That do this. And so. This, this

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moment where I'm sitting on this[br]television set and I see this guy talking

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about the future of education is gonna be[br]over the Internet it really triggered

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me, to sort of. Go through a whole series[br]of things to change my research. Area from

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what was then high performance computing.[br]So, I'm sitting, you know. Sitting on the

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TV set, and I see that education might be[br]a good thing. I immediately go out and I

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invent this thing called Sync-O-Matic, and[br]then I invented this thing called ClipBoard.

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Click. So ClipBoard, that was sorta 1999[br]and then I, I couldn't get anybody to buy

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into the idea of using this stuff. I mean[br]now it's, obviously we're using it right

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now, but I kinda got frustrated, so I[br]decided that what I would do then is work

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on a learning management system, Sakai.[br]Some of you actually might have used Sakai

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as your learning management system. I was[br]the chief architect of the Sakai project

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and instrumental, continued to work with[br]the Sakai learning management system. And

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then when I found that Sakai only had reached[br]two or three percent market share. Then I

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decided that I was gonna work on[br]interoperability between learning

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management systems with the kind of secret[br]notion that I would plug material just

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like my recorded lectures into these[br]learning management systems. And so then I

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spent a few years, 2007 through 2010,[br]eleven, twelve, with IMS, which is a

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standards organization that built[br]standards. And so it's really kind of it's

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kind of ironic to be sitting here, in[br]effect, fifteen years later and teaching you

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guys with this totally cool, and awesome[br]technology. Called Coursera. Because it

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really was. It was the vision that I had[br]and some [inaudible]. I couldn't be more

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excited. To be working with Coursera. And[br]so I also have this alter ego Dr Chuck.

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Most of my students call me Dr Chuck, the[br]reason I call, I came up with this

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nickname was, I got my PhD rather late in[br]life, and I thought that it would be

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Hypocritical if I stopped making fun of[br]people with PhDs just because I had one.

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And so I, I adopted the nickname, Dr.[br]Chuck. For those of you who wanna go do

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some research, the, it wasn't Dr. Phil or,[br]or, Dr. Drew. It was, actually, Dr. Ruth

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was the television doctor. So you can go,[br]do some research on who Dr. Ruth is. And

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so I got some pictures here about what[br]some of my hobbies are. I play hockey. I

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do a lot of travelling. Sakai does[br]cause me to do a travel. I've been around

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the world. That, I think, picture there,[br]is like. Three or four years of my travel.

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That's what those pushpins are. I ride[br]motorcycles. Off-road motorcycles. On-road

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motorcycles. I got--you can go see video s[br]of that. I do karaoke. All of my pictures

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of course are not of me doing karaoke, but[br]me taking pictures of my friends when

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they're doing karaoke. I wrote a book.[br]Several books. And I also wrote a book

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about my experiences in the Sekaya[br]Project. And I'll close with.. A bit of

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humorous video that I made that you might[br]have heard of called the "iPad Steering

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Wheel Mount." And if you haven't, go ahead[br]and Google "iPad Steering Wheel Mount."

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And it's a, a short video that I'm, that[br]I'm curious what you think. So. Next we'll

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talk a little bit more about the detail of[br]how the course is going to work, and how

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grading's going to work and other things[br]like that. So see you in a bit.