WEBVTT 00:00:04.280 --> 00:00:07.753 Visualization is right at the heart of my own work too. 00:00:08.453 --> 00:00:13.468 I teach Global Health, and I know having the data is not enough. 00:00:13.468 --> 00:00:17.629 I have to show it in ways people both enjoy and understand. 00:00:19.030 --> 00:00:24.894 Now I'm going to try something I've never done before, animating the data in real space, 00:00:25.714 --> 00:00:28.294 with a bit of technical assistance from the crew. 00:00:30.435 --> 00:00:34.022 So here we go, first an axis for health, 00:00:34.022 --> 00:00:38.640 life expectancy from 25 years to 75 years. 00:00:38.640 --> 00:00:46.010 And down here an axis for wealth, income per person 400, 4,000, and $40,000. 00:00:46.780 --> 00:00:53.150 So down here is poor and sick, and up here is rich and healthy. 00:00:54.200 --> 00:01:00.010 Now I'm going to show you the world 200 years ago, in 1810. 00:01:00.970 --> 00:01:05.853 Here come all the countries Europe brown, Asia red, Middle East green, 00:01:05.853 --> 00:01:09.414 Africa South of the Sahara blue, and the Americas yellow. 00:01:09.414 --> 00:01:13.040 And the size of the country bubble show the size of the population. 00:01:13.930 --> 00:01:17.450 And in 1810 it was pretty crowded down there, wasn't it? 00:01:17.450 --> 00:01:23.344 All countries were sick and poor, life expectancy were below 40 in all countries. 00:01:23.344 --> 00:01:27.798 And only the UK and the Netherlands were slightly better off, but not much. 00:01:28.498 --> 00:01:30.755 And now, why start the world. 00:01:32.562 --> 00:01:38.208 The Industrial Revolution makes countries in Europe and elsewhere move away from the rest. 00:01:38.780 --> 00:01:42.790 But the colonized countries in Asia and Africa, they are stuck down there. 00:01:43.670 --> 00:01:47.487 And eventually the Western countries get healthier and healthier. 00:01:48.147 --> 00:01:53.537 And now we slow down, to show the impact of the First World War, 00:01:53.537 --> 00:01:56.910 and the Spanish flu epidemic, what a catastrophe. 00:01:58.210 --> 00:02:02.430 And now I speed up through the 1920s and the 1930s, 00:02:02.430 --> 00:02:04.280 and in spite of the Great Depression, 00:02:04.280 --> 00:02:07.420 western countries forge on towards greater wealth and health. 00:02:07.420 --> 00:02:11.540 Japan and some others try to follow, but most countries stay down here. 00:02:12.120 --> 00:02:15.406 Now, after the tragedies of the Second World War, 00:02:15.406 --> 00:02:18.504 we stop a bit to look at the world in 1948. 00:02:19.304 --> 00:02:22.816 1948 was a great year, the war was over, 00:02:23.276 --> 00:02:27.425 Sweden topped the medal table at the Winter Olympics, and I was born. 00:02:27.805 --> 00:02:32.040 But the differences between the countries of the world was wider than ever. 00:02:32.590 --> 00:02:38.440 United States was in the front, Japan was catching up, Brazil was way behind, 00:02:38.440 --> 00:02:42.820 Iran was getting a little richer from oil, but still had short lives. 00:02:42.820 --> 00:02:47.570 And the Asian giants, China, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and 00:02:47.570 --> 00:02:50.810 Indonesia, they were still poor and sick down here. 00:02:50.810 --> 00:02:53.950 But look what is about to happen, here we go again. 00:02:53.950 --> 00:02:57.448 In my lifetime former colonies gained independence and 00:02:57.448 --> 00:03:02.190 then finally they started to get healthier and healthier and healthier. 00:03:02.190 --> 00:03:05.744 And in the 1970s then countries in Asia and 00:03:05.744 --> 00:03:08.620 Latin America started to catch up with the Western countries. 00:03:08.620 --> 00:03:11.020 They became the emerging economies, 00:03:11.020 --> 00:03:16.220 some in Africa follows, some Africans were stuck in civil war, and others hit by HIV. 00:03:16.220 --> 00:03:21.060 And now, we can see the world today in the most up-to-date statistics. 00:03:23.050 --> 00:03:25.530 Most people today live in the middle, 00:03:25.530 --> 00:03:31.180 but there's a huge difference at the same time between the best off countries and the worst off countries. 00:03:31.180 --> 00:03:34.439 And there are huge inequalities within countries. 00:03:34.439 --> 00:03:37.920 These bubbles show country averages, but I can split them. 00:03:38.630 --> 00:03:41.080 Take China, I can split it into provinces, 00:03:42.040 --> 00:03:44.040 there goes Shanghai. 00:03:45.040 --> 00:03:47.635 It has the same wealth and health as Italy today. 00:03:47.635 --> 00:03:52.495 And there is the poor inline province Guizhou, it is like Pakistan, 00:03:52.495 --> 00:03:57.606 and if I split it further, the rural parts are like Ghana in Africa. 00:03:59.610 --> 00:04:06.352 And yet despite the enormous disparities today, we have seen 200 years of remarkable progress, 00:04:07.032 --> 00:04:11.110 that huge historical gap between the west and the rest is now closing. 00:04:11.580 --> 00:04:15.090 We have become an entirely new converging world, 00:04:15.530 --> 00:04:20.430 and I see a clear trend into the future with aid, trade, green technology, and peace. 00:04:20.430 --> 00:04:25.167 It's fully possible that everyone can make it to the healthy wealthy corner. 00:04:28.170 --> 00:04:31.091 Well what you've just seen in the last few minutes 00:04:31.091 --> 00:04:36.170 is a story of 200 countries shown over 200 years and beyond. 00:04:36.170 --> 00:04:42.456 It involved plotting 120,000 numbers, pretty neat uh?