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Људска бића знају већ хиљадама година,

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једноставно гледајући у околину око нас,

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да постоје различите супстанце.

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Ове различите супстанце..теже да имају и различите особине.

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Не само да имају различите особине,

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неки могу рефлектовати светлост на одређени начин а неки је уопште и не могу.

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Неки могу бити одређене боје или имати одређену температуру,

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могу бити у течном, гасовитом или у чврстом агрегатном стању.

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Али ми такође почињемо да уочавамо

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како они реагују једни са другима под одређеним околностима.

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и овде можете видети слике неких од тих супстанци.

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У левом горњем углу је угљеник, који се овде налази у облику графита.

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У десном горњем углу налази се олово, а између њих је злато.

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све ове приказане супстанце

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купњене су са сајта у опису

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Све приказане супстанце су у чврстом агрегатном стању, али такође знамо да

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у њима постоје одређени типови гасова,

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тј. одређени типови честица у гасовитом стању,

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и у зависности које се честице посматрају

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било да је то угљеник, кисеоник, азот...

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они сви имају различите особине.

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Постоје и друге супстанце које могу бити течне,

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особине се могу променити и овим супстанцама ако се нпр. подигне температура.

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Ако се злату или олову подигне температура,

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може се добити течност

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или ако нпр. изложите пламену угљеник,

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можете га довести до гасовитог стања,

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можете да га испустите у атмосферу,

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тј. можете да разбијете његову структуру.

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