- Dont you think that the biggest power

of the world of money, is seen in the change in meaning of words ?

Which is to say that nowadays we cannot find reality in language

for the permanent abuses in words

where one thing that we name is actually another,

such as culture or, democracy?

Yep that's an ancient affair

Oh, it's been a long time since we've been obfuscated by words, right ?

Mirabeau at the time was saying "Man is like the rabbit; you catch it by the ears."

So we've known this for a long time... the rethoricians know... (jet fighter)

The athenians then had rethoricians

elegant speakers capable of manipulating people

with words. So that's an old issue.

But it has become, it gradually becomes an exact science.

Totalitarianisms ... especially those observed by Orwell ...

... and recreated in "1984" with Newspeak which, reverses the meaning of words,

which keeps constant lies, which reverses meaning and progressively removes vocabulary,

all words that would serve to resist "Big Brother."

That valuable book, "1984" everyone should read this. I myself had read it when i was eighteen.

I had not understood anyhing: I was thinking it was good science fiction.

I had not understood, at least that is the memory I have.

Maybe I understood more than ...

... what It seems to me today. But I read it again recently ...

... i mean a few years ago, and ...

... we really get that operational procedure still in use at this day

Orwell was looking at the ... Soviet world ...

... and the Nazis and ... various totalitarian regimes walked the same path.

And it continues today. The effort on language, is increasingly...

... technological, technical, scientific, precise ...

... and very effective, right? very effective.

So ...

The means for resisting to this is ... public education, right,

We should discuss it among ourselves. We musnt let elected officials decide about that..

Our elected officials have a major personal interest in being the only ones ...

with Newspeak mastery.

But between us we could very well ...

... to spread the word to pass the codes to decipher the newspeak and ...

So Franck Lepage, therefore, has shops ... detoxification language ...

... absolutely fascinating. And I remember I had a conference and ...

... a conference Franck spring.

And in this conference, it interpelait us asking us what were the words

we had identified as false words. We had found full.

And then he tried a technique for ...

... to defend ourselves. And I suggested this idea ... I would have to defend the ...

I would have to write something on it. I suggested this idea ... we could

to show that we understood that they were traps,

we could tag the written words in quotes in reverse.

For example, the word "project", which is really a ...

Franck describes what the project, the word "project" disap ... appeared;

he is not gone, it is the word "hierarchy" has disappeared

manual management. This is ...

... Boltanski and Chiapello in "The New Spirit of Capitalism" ... A big book,

but explains that analyzes ... manuals for management ...

... past few decades and are ... are thirty or forty years,

manuals management, keyword coming back all the time,

it was "hierarchy".

And today, in the management manuals ...

... but they have studied for hundreds ...

This is their statistical study there, too. A study of sense, statistical first.

And the word "hierarchy" has completely disappeared from all management manuals.

It no longer exists. And against which replaced ... The word is that all the time,

throughout the manual management is "project."

A Franck étudie bien la ... a Boltanski, là ...

... studying well ... there was positive in this word that we can not ...

... can not get rid of, we can not ... we can not condemn

it's hard to ... to demonize the word "project" is a positive project.

And in fact when studied that word, we ...

... it throws us against each other, it ... it devalues us as soon as the project is finished ...

... it allows us to evaluate as ... And in fact, we, we ...

... it prepares us, it prepares us to scan,

it prepares us to assess the meaning ... Manager term.

And there is a whole series of criticisms to make of that word ... quite interesting.

And so if we spotted the word "project" as a word of Newspeak

could be taken as a convention that when we write us

in our paper, in our articles in our pamphlets ...

... every time there is a word, dangerous word, an inverted word

as the word "democracy" instead of putting it in quotes

we put it between backticks, angle brackets, pointing a dangerous word,

a word ... with ... it would be like a beacon that says: "Warning!

We can do that, eh, it's ... Need to spread the word and the idea pleases people.

When we see that there is a word we put trapped between rafters upside down.

I had this idea when we had the conference, but ...

Should defend a little better, he would give examples.

- What is for you the keyword could be blown ...

... really extract its substance?

- "Democracy. "

"Democracy", we did fly. "Universal suffrage" too.

"Universal Suffrage" we did fly. Called "universal suffrage" today ...

... designation ...

... from choice, the wrong choice among people that we have not chosen

political masters who will decide everything for us ...

... who will decide everything. And I'm not exaggerating, this is the naked truth, huh.

This is ... I am not exaggerating. I could use more words ...

... more violent, more insulting ... No, then I say technically ...

... what we now call "universal suffrage" is the wrong choice

among people that we have not chosen, who were chosen by the parties,

that is to say, not by us. And so we choose between Scylla and Charybdis,

we choose between the plague and cholera ... So this is the wrong choice ...

... political masters. I'm not talking about representatives: they are masters

who decide everything for us, between elections,

but we can not dismiss them without that we can oppose

a law they impose on us and we find unfair

but we can not impose a law that we find it necessary

and ... which they do not want.

The word "universal suffrage" is, strictly speaking, misguided, misled, distorted and betrayed.

Universal suffrage, the only ... Finally, the only, I think, huh.

The only universal suffrage which I accept, is the village assembly, Common,

size of the Greek city, right: ten, twenty, thirty thousand people, not more.

A meeting, a great, great theater, a large ...

... large theater with tiers.

Y are those who want law and by law we vote directly our laws, laws:

we decide our fates, we decided our business directly.

That's the universal suffrage we decide each point by point

and not fight block by block ... No, no idea by idea, project by project, by statute law

we decide. This universal suffrage, and ...

... reduce the universal suffrage ... the wrong choice of political masters ...

It really is a scam, what. It's really foutage of mouth.

And walk, huh, since we advocate universal suffrage

as if it was the alpha and omega of our freedom and civilization;

this is a joke, right. And it's our fault, huh. It's not their fault.

They had us well.

But it is we who defend the trick.

It is all of us who advocate universal suffrage saying

"What is important in a democracy is the election. "

- When you say "They had us well," you mean ...

- Bah, elected! - Where does this project, precisely?

- Oh, bah ça vient de 1789, hein. 1789 ...

The establishment of representative government ...

... which was not at all a democracy:

they knew that it was not a democracy, huh.

Sieyes France, Madison, United States, and others, eh, knew very well ...

... they did not put up a democracy.

They wanted not ... a democracy.

They wanted not ... establish a democracy.

They insisted that this is not it. They were ... aristocrats.

And here it is nice when people say that, because "aristocrats", it is "the best."

They especially wanted an oligarchy, what, huh.

And they knew they would be elected. Sieyes was elected one, huh.

Madison also, it was elected. So what are elected officials who have established

the system of election and quickly left call this "democracy" regime.

It is not known at all "democracy" in the beginning.

It was even a pejorative word "democracy" in 1789 ... pejorative. It was an insult.

A Democrat, it was not good, it was frowned upon. It is gradually

early nineteenth it was transformed:

we started to call representative government "democracy"

and at the same time it has become a positive word.

But these are politicians who have let this happen ... because they saw much interest,

and that was the Newspeak. Because when you call ...

In my opinion, politicians feel good ...

... the people aware of itself. When we say "the people"

you feel inside, and all us, and ... the etymology

even without a big political culture by the simple etymology

the word "democracy" has a revolutionary force in him.

And ..

... people aspire ... people around the world

aspire to demos kratos is us ... We would like to decide for ourselves to our fate.

In my opinion ... politicians know it.

And elected officials are well aware also that representative government

This is not democracy.

So they, politicians really have an interest ...

I'm not sure whether conscious.

Because it is possible that it is unconscious, huh. I ... not at all ...

Whether it's a conspiracy or not ... I could not care less. I do not mind that.

More ... elected to leave: they leave call "democracy"

the regime that gives them their elected all political power.

It suits well, since it is they who have the power. They are candidates:

one day or another they will have. All men are like that party.

So the word "democracy," we got, we did fly.

Not from the beginning, I tell you, they called not "democracy" in the beginning.

But very quickly, the early nineteenth century, before Tocqueville writes

"Democracy in America", referring to a plan

that was not democracy. Even before ...

It was 25-35 in the two volumes ...

I think 25 ...

I believe 1825-1835 "Democracy in America."

And I think before there were already signs of the use of the word "democracy"

for ... Are Rosenvallon who wrote a good article on it. He wrote an article 93

this transformation ... a regime that is not democracy democracy

trying to understand when and why it happened.

Important work of historian Rosenvallon.

Rosenvallon is not revolutionary, it is the least we can say:

in its conclusions and in its proposals, it is ...

I think it's very disappointing, because in his work as a historian

to explain how humans resist the abuse of power ...

Damn important what is Rosenvallon. Rosenvallon explains ...

... from Athens, point by point, everything that humans do to resist

abuse of power. It's really interesting. This is mine

a wealth of ideas to resist.

Rosenvallon is interesting. In its conclusions, it is ...

... it is not he who will draft ... alternative, but ...

Because it is too ...

How to say? Conservative? This is not a revolutionary.

But it is a valuable work for us historian.

So Newspeak, yes, we got bitten a few important words:

the word "democracy," the word "universal suffrage", yeah.